4. Abandoning the enfeoffment system and establishing counties and counties became the standard mode of management after the reunification of China, which lasted for thousands of years;
13. unifying currency and weights and measures will greatly promote domestic business exchanges.
4. The cars are on the same track and the roads are at the same distance. The construction of Qin Zhi Road greatly facilitates domestic traffic;
5. Burn the history books of the six countries, unify thoughts objectively, and avoid splitting the country due to historical problems; However, copies of ancient books destroyed in various countries were preserved, and the subsequent destruction was because Xiang Yu set fire to Qin Dou;
6. The construction of Lingqu strengthens the control of the Pearl River Basin, making this area the territory of China forever;
7. Building the Great Wall, an important line of defense against the invasion of the northern Hu people, has long been a national border;
8. Expedite to South Vietnam and bring Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong into Chinese territory.
The central government has a premier, A Qiu, and an ancient adviser. The Prime Minister has two members, left and right, who are in charge of political affairs. Qiu is in charge of the military and doesn't often buy it. The Imperial Scholar is the second deputy of the Prime Minister, in charge of the library secretary and supervising officials.
Under the Prime Minister, Qiu, and imperial envoys, there are various ministers who are in charge of specific government affairs, including doctors in charge of the palace, guards stationed in the palace, deputy generals in charge of public security in Gyeonggi, Tingwei in charge of punishment, internal history of Ji Xia, taxes on mountains and seas and handicrafts supplied by the government to the royal family, those in charge of the palace, those in charge of domestic ethnic affairs and foreign affairs, and guest appearances. The prime minister, Qiu, Qiu, discussed the state affairs, and the emperor ruled.
In addition, there were some important official positions in the Qin dynasty, such as doctors, who were familiar with ancient and modern history for the emperor's consultation and were responsible for collecting books. Huagai State is in charge of ethnic affairs like Dianke, but the difference is that Dianke is in charge of communication with ethnic minorities who are friendly to Qin, while Huagai State is in charge of ethnic minorities who have surrendered to Qin. Zhan's-managing the affairs of the queen and the prince.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he adopted Lisi's suggestion, abolished the enfeoffment system and switched to the county system. Local administrative agencies are divided into counties and counties. Principal officials of counties and counties are appointed and removed by the central government.
There are guards, governors and supervisors in the county. The sheriff is in charge of his county. The county commandant assisted the county magistrate and gave a military salute. Supervised by the county police. Qin Shihuang divided the whole country into 36 counties, and later it gradually increased to 4 1 county.
Qin Shihuang took the degree, quantity and balance of the former Qin State as the unit standard and eliminated the system that did not match this. Qin Ting engraved the original standard documents promulgated by Shang Yang, or made the same standard documents with inscriptions and sent them to the whole country. It is forbidden to use the degree, quantity and balance different from that of standard instruments. In the field system, the Qin dynasty stipulated that 6 feet (now 230 cm) was a step and 240 steps were an acre. This system of dividing land into three parts per mu will remain unchanged for thousands of years.
During the Warring States period, vehicles in different countries had different shapes. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the width of the car was set at six feet, and one car could pass through the whole country.
Beginning in 222 BC, Qin Shihuang began to build a large-scale chidao with Xianyang as the center and extending in all directions, similar to modern expressways. Chidao and the implementation of "cars on the same track" are both 50 steps wide. Chidao has several functions, one is to facilitate traffic and management of the old places of the six countries, the other is to facilitate the supply of the front line of the northern war, and the third is to facilitate the smooth inspection of the first emperor. Except for Qin Zhi Road and Qin Plank Road, most of them were built on the basis of Qin's hometown, the old roads in the Six Kingdoms and the roads built during Qin's conquest of the Six Kingdoms. The famous lanes include Shang Jun Road, Linjin Road, Dongfang Road, Wuguan Road, Qinplank Road, West Road and Qin Zhi Road. After Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries, in order to facilitate the transportation of troops and materials needed for conquering Lingnan, he ordered Shilu to dig a canal to connect the Xiangjiang River in the Yangtze River system with the Lijiang River in the Pearl River system. This canal was finally completed from the 20th year of the Emperor (2 19 BC) to the 23rd year (2 15 BC). Lingqu is one of the oldest canals in the world. It has been the main waterway transportation route between Lingnan and the Central Plains for more than two thousand years.
At that time, hundreds of schools of thought contended in the society, which seriously hindered Qin Shihuang's thought of unifying the people of the six countries and threatened the rule of the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, in order to unify the thoughts of the people of the original six countries, Qin Shihuang began to destroy all history books except Ji Qin in 2 13 BC, and only allowed the people to leave books on medicine, divination and planting. It was not until the demise of the Qin Dynasty in 206 BC that it was called "book burning". Nevertheless, he ordered some banned books to be collected in Xianyang Royal Library. In 2 12 BC, Qin Shihuang killed more than 460 alchemists in Xianyang, then the capital of Qin, because two alchemists fled privately and slandered the emperor. Historical records call them "pit magicians". "Pit Confucianism" is an imprecise statement of later generations, and the formal statement should be "pit warlock".