The long weapons are: ge, spear, gun, stick, paddle, staff, staff, stick, axe, graupel, halberd and broadsword.
Short weapons are: sword, knife, whip, mace (simple), hook, sickle, hammer, staff and ring (ring).
Soft weapons are: chains, meteors and cotton ropes.
Belongs to unarmed martial arts, collectively known as "white fighting." These orders referred to in the "Eighteen Martial Arts" of past dynasties failed to cover all weapons. For example, flying knives, cuff arrows, three-pointed double-edged knives, forks, daggers, mandarin ducks, yin-yang tips, top-ranked pens, iron ruler, rope darts and three-section sticks are not included. As for the "special weapons" created by many swordsmen's swords, it is even more difficult to collect them all.
Sword, the sacred product of ancient times, is supreme, noble and admirable. He is the ancestor of the melee weapon short soldier, and entered the mysterious legend with profound Daoism. In fact, because of its portability, admirable and rapid use, princes and emperors, literati and chivalrous people, businessmen and ordinary people are proud of it. Since ancient times, sword and art have often fought in the battlefield, dominated the Wulin, founded the country, and acted in righteousness. So it has spread to this day and is still loved by the world. It is also deeply rooted in the hearts of the people because of its glorious history.
Sword originated in Xuanyuan Huangdi era. According to "The Yellow Emperor's Ji Yun", "The emperor used Shoushan bronze to cast swords and engraved astronomical ancient characters"; According to many records in Guanzi, "Tian Ge Luzhi Mountain used to make gold, and Chiyou used it as a sword armor". The above two statements, like Huangdi and Chiyou, are casting swords for soldiers.
According to the above statement, no matter who the founder of the sword is, it was born in the era of the Yellow Emperor, but there is no doubt. The Yellow Emperor built a temple in 46 15 BC (2704 BC), named Xiong, when the fashion department had just entered the bronze age. However, it can be inferred that the birth of sword is extremely ancient and has a long history, so people later called it "the ancestor of short soldiers", which really deserved its reputation.
From the Yellow Emperor to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, most swords were made of copper, with good quality and advanced refining technology. The sword system was established in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the method of making the sword was expounded. Zhou Li Kao said, "Zhou Guantao's family heirloom is a sword. It is two and a half inches long and wide, so its wax is widely used. The stem ring is twice as long. On its stem, after fighting, the body is very one-fifth of its stem, and it is heavy [according to Zhou Li, six and a half are one], which means it is above the system and above the soil. Four stems are seven Tang weights long, which is called neutralization system, and the sergeant takes it. It is three stems long and weighs five, and the corporal takes it. " Archaeological records also say: "Sword, the name of an ancient vessel, has two blades and one ridge, from the back to the blade, which is called wax, or" Hua "(that is, the body of the sword). Below the back blade, it is separated from the handle, which is called the head (that is, the sword disc), the grip below the head is called the handle (that is, the sword handle), and the end of the handle is called the double.
As can be seen from the above, the sword is a sharp weapon, and its size depends on the human body and the number of people being measured. Hua Zheng explained the sword in detail, saying, "People have different shapes and sizes, so making swords for their clothes is not just to look beautiful, but to make them suitable for use." So it is a third-class system, in order to treat third-class people and suit themselves. The hilt is five inches long. If the length of the blade is five times that of the hilt, the blade will be three feet long. If it's heavy, it's three catties and twelve liang. It is extremely long and heavy, so it is called Shangtong. Only those who are good-looking can win, so the staff sergeant is convinced. The sword has four stems, is two feet five inches long and weighs seven catties and fourteen liang, so it is called neutral. Only the person who gets the best is suitable to take it, so the sergeant took it. The sword is two feet long when it stops at three stems, and two pounds and one second and three minutes when it stops at five Tang Dynasties. It is light and short, so it is called the lower system. People who are short and weak can take it. "
The above-mentioned sword system was widely used in ancient times, and it still changed in past dynasties. This was especially true from the Qin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. Zheng Huayun said: "If the swords of Qin and Han Dynasties are compared with those of Song Dynasty, the sword of Song Dynasty is 2 1 inch 3 points, while the sword of Han Dynasty is only 17 inch 9 points. The dagger in the Song Dynasty was fifteen inches and two minutes, but only ten inches and five minutes in the Han Dynasty, so the sword in the Song Dynasty was longer and of better quality than that in the Han Dynasty. Then again, when there is evidence, it is not convenient to agree. Although the purpose of covering the sword is not to kill people, it is also an ornament of literati. However, the main purpose is to defend against the enemy. For example, the sword is inconvenient to use when it is long, and it is difficult to last long when it is short. When it is short, it is difficult to strike hard, and the elderly are bulky and slow to swing. Neither is suitable for sword system. There is a saying in ancient books that "the sword of Emperor Gaozu won the world with three feet", so it is wrong to say that the sword of Han Dynasty is less than two feet long. According to the comprehensive history of sword, the length of Gu Jian is generally more than one foot three inches to four feet, and the weight is two to three Jin, which is tailor-made for everyone and should be credible.
The sword was also loved by the official scholars, so it became a work of art. At first, it was carved and carved on the body of the sword, then the shape was beautified on the hilt, with ornaments attached, and then the scabbard was plated with gold and jade, each with its own ingenuity and merits.
Sword is a kind of short soldier, which is born out of spear-shaped stab soldiers and short daggers. It was originally before the Shang Dynasty, and its shape was extremely short, with only a short flat stem and no tube. The ancients used this sword to stab into the waist, which can be cut and stabbed to resist bandits and wild animals. By the Zhou Dynasty, especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it had become the main short weapon and was necessary for scholars. Even Feng Xuan and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty, although they were too poor to eat, still took them with them. The famous ones are Ganjiang, Mo Xie, Longquan, Tai 'an, Chunjun, Zhan Lu, Yuchang and Suzaku. One of the Longquan swords in the Spring and Autumn Period is still hidden in the Forbidden City, and it is still very sharp, which proves that China has a long history in the manufacture and use of swords.
Beginner? Takebu? Sword: "Later, there were Longquan in Chu, Taiya and Gong in Qin, Ganjiang and Qi in Wu, and even pure hooks, fish intestines and giant que swords. 」
"Guanzi" said: "In the past, Tian Ge Luzhi Mountain made gold, Chiyou made it, thinking it was a sword armor, and this sword began. 」
"Wu Yue Chun Qiu?" "Biography of Gou Jian's Conspiracy": "The King of Yue sent an envoy to hire him and asked him about his sword and halberd skills. The virgin will meet the king in the north, and she will meet every man. She claimed to be the virgin and asked her, "I heard that Zi is good at sword dancing, and I want to see it." The woman said, "I dare not hide anything, but I will try it in public." "So Yuan Gong held the forest in the bamboo, and the bridge on the bamboo branch didn't fall to the ground. Finally, the woman, Yuan Gong flew up the tree and became a white ape, so she didn't go. Seeing the King of Yue, the King of Yue asked, "What is the way to use the sword? The woman said, "I was born in a deep forest and grew up in a deserted place." I can't learn. "Not up to the governors, steal the blow, recite it endlessly. I am not subject to others, and suddenly I have myself. " The King of Yue said, "What's the way? The woman said, "Its way is very small and easy, and its meaning is very deep. Tao has a portal, yin and yang, opening and closing the door, and yin declines and yang flourishes. Every way of hitting by hand, the spirit inside, the safety outside, looks like a good woman when you look at it, and looks like a tiger when you take it away. Waiting for the weather in cloth, walking with God. If it is a sky, like a rabbit, chase it and light it. Breathing is not as good as law. Perversely disobedient, straight reply does not smell. If you are a Taoist, one person should be a hundred, and a hundred people should be ten thousand people. If the king wants to try, he will see it after the test. "The King of Yue had a female name, called" Yue Nv "."(His words were subtle and his swordsmanship was profound. The so-called "portal yin and yang" is the method of advancing and retreating in fencing. And "inner spirit, external security" is a form to describe mental concentration, leisurely, and changing tactics when fighting swords. )
Jin Yong even wrote this legend into his martial arts novel sword of the yue maiden, and made a very in-depth description and discussion on the supreme realm of kendo.
In the practice of sword, it is generally divided into "standing sword" and "walking sword". "Standing on the sword" generally refers to quick and agile movements, stable and sculptural movements at rest. On the other hand, "Sword Walk" seems to have relatively few pauses, and its movement is continuous, uniform and flexible. At the same time, the sword also has a knife with long nails and short nails, which is also called a nail robe. Its role is to confuse the enemy with dance, and it looks like a dragon and phoenix dance when practicing, with beautiful image. Especially the spike, dancing with the sword, is even more wonderful.
Sword practice requires the unity of body and sword, and the unity of sword and god. "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Green Water Pavilion IV" says: A sword is as sharp as a blade, and its handle is as light as an ape bird, that is, fencing. "The" handle "here is to lead the sword with your own body, which is the key to practicing the sword.
"Wu yue spring and autumn? Gou Jian attacked Wu Chuan: "The King of Yue was a soldier in the Tang Dynasty, armed with a lightsaber and a machete, Lu Mao. When he died, he was held hostage by 300 people. ("Dian lue": "Zhou has the spear of Qu Lu. 」)
Han Liuxi, "Interpretation? When the soldiers were released, they said, "The sword is also inspected, and the defense is very heavy. "It is also folded, so it is folded in the arm when it is arched. Its side nose says "Tan", "Tan", "Find it" and "Find it". The last name is Feng, and the last word is Feng. 」
Warring States policy? The Book of Han Dynasty: "The swords and halberds of the Han people all came from famous mountains, Tangxi, Yang Mo and Hebo. , Feng Wan, Longyuan, Tai 'an all broke cattle and horses and drowned geese. "Deng Shi and Deng Guogong cast swords because of Deng Shi. Feng Wan and Wan Ren made swords in Fengchi (Xingyang), hence the name. Long Yuan and Xiping, Henan have Longquan water, also known as Long Yuan, which can sharpen swords, hence the name. Taia, Chunqiu: Wu Yueqiang is more refined.
"Wu yue spring and autumn? He Lu Biography: He Lu: "Please make two famous swords for your cadres. Wu, as a general, is also a teacher with Ou Yezi, all of whom can wield swords. More and more three pieces are presented, including He Lude's collection, so that the swordsman can be regarded as two pieces, one for the general and the other for Mo Ye. Mo Ye, the wife of an excellent general. Ganjiang is the sword, using Wuyue Iron Essence and Liujiang Golden Eagle. Waiting for the temple, the yin and yang are in the same light, and the gods see that the weather is falling and the gold and iron essence is not sold. ..... So the lieutenant's wife broke her hair, cut off her claws and threw them into the furnace. Make 300 boys and girls drum clothes, gold and iron moist, and become swords. Yang is called "dry general" and Yin is called "". Yang is anxious to write, but Yin has no intention to write. Cadres will hide their yang and offer their yin. He is very heavy. 」
"Wu yue spring and autumn? Biography of He Lu: "The sword of Zhan Lu hates He Lu, but it flows like water. King Zhao of Chu put his sword on the bed, but he didn't know why, so he called Feng Beard and asked, ... Feng Beard said, "I heard that Wu Wang presented three swords in the month, one is called Fish Intestine, the other is called Pan Ying, and the other is called Zhan Lu. The fish intestine sword was used to kill Wu Wangliao, and the rock was used to send away his dead daughter. Now Zhan Lu has entered the State of Chu. ..... I heard that Wang Yun often asked Ou Yezi to make five swords for Xue Zhu, and the candle said, "The fishbone sword is unreasonable, so you can't bring it. I will kill the king, and the son of the king will kill my father. "So he lu to kill. A Pan Ying, also known as Cao Hao, died because he was illegal and did no good to others. A Zhan Lu, with hardware English and the essence of the sun, expresses and shows his spirit, and has the strength to serve him, so he can defeat the enemy. However, if you have an irrational plan, your sword will be drawn, and there is no way out. Today, the prince of Wu had no choice but to kill you and seek Chu, so Zhan Lu entered Chu. 』」
Beginner? Takebu? Sword: Zhao Ye's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" said: "Yue Wangyun often hired Ou Yezi to make five swords, three big and two small, and three called Cao Hao. Qin Ke Xue Zhu was an excellent swordsman, and the king showed Cao Hao his swordsmanship. Xue Zhu said, "This is not a sword. Today, Cao Cao's five colors are gloomy and unpretentious, and he has drowned his light and killed his god. If this sword does not insult, it will fall into the drink. " The king said, "I put my sword on Lu Zhu, fell on it, broke the neck of the golden beast and drank its blade, thinking it was beneficial." 』」
Beginner? Takebu? Sword: The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue says: "Yue Wangyun often employs Ou Yezi as five famous swords, one is pure hook, the other is Zhan Lu, the third is Cao Hao, the fourth is fish intestine, and the fifth is giant que. Xue Zhu and Qin Ke are good at sword-wielding, and the King of Yue has shown them to Cao Hao, Suzaku and Fish Sausage. Xue Zhu said, "This is not a sword. Take a pure hook for example, Xue Zhu said, "It is as light as a Quyang flower and as heavy as a hibiscus, born in a lake. His writing is like a journey of stars, and his light is like a pool of water. This pure hook also. Take Zhan Lu as an example, Xue Zhu said, "Good! Holding the title of gold and iron, spitting out the essence of silver and tin, sending spirits to nourish spirits, having wandering souls, holding this sword, you can defeat the enemy and go to other countries if you have bad plans. "Allow is often offered tachileik, Wu Gongzi light kill, to vent their anger. 」
Historical records? The biography of Su Lie quoted the Spring and Autumn Annals: "The king of Chu summoned him and told him," The more I heard about Wu Youqiang's generals, the more I wanted them to be swords. What can I do? " Wind beard said, "yes. "I went to see two people making swords, one is Long Yuan and the other is Taiya. 」
Beginner? Takebu? Sword: Jiazi: The ancient emperor was crowned with a sword at the age of twenty; Princes were crowned with swords at the age of thirty; The doctor is forty years old and wears a sword; Li nationality is not allowed to be crowned. Shu Ren must bring a sword when something happens, but he can't bring a sword when nothing happens. 」
Beginner? Takebu? Sword: Spring and Autumn Story: Li Sheng, sword on the left, dragon like it; The knife is on the right, and so is the white tiger elephant. 」
"Zhou Guan": "Tao's sword, wax (two blades) is two and a half inches wide, and both of them are from half (both sides of the sword ridge kill those who tend to fall). With its wax, the stem is wide, twice as long, the stem is in the middle, set behind it, and the body length is five times that of the stem, which is called the top system and the staff sergeant takes it. 」
"Confucius family language?" Good living said: "Zi Lu Rong Yi is seen in Confucius, and he drew his sword and danced it, saying:" The ancient gentleman guarded himself with his sword! 』」
Zhuangzi? Yan Jian said, "Zhao Wen, Wang Xijian, the swordsmen clamped the door, while more than 3,000 men attacked the front day and night, killing and injuring more than 100 years old. It can be seen that fencing existed as the main martial arts at that time.
Eighteen Weapons-Knife
The broadsword was originally a sharp weapon in the era of automobile war. At first, I just stopped chopping. At first, there was no deification to control the enemy, which was similar to Zhang Ba Snake Spear. Fu Cha's descendants, the political reform, chariots and horses, and soldiers with broadswords, knew the shortcomings of winning by law, and according to their own war experience, they came up with various methods to help kill the enemy with broadswords and control the results, so there were various changes. The most famous broadsword is Wang Guan's sword, and the cover is Guan Yu's knife method; There is a Wang Guan Dao in The Three Kingdoms, which weighs 82 Jin and is 10 foot long. The ancient system is shorter than today's system, only eight feet long, with strange ears. The broadsword of this world is built like this, that is, the knife method has changed because of this. There are more than one kind of broadsword, such as shifting wind knife, fork knife, nine-ring knife and double-edged knife. They are all broadswords with different styles and different names. For its usage, all roads lead to the same goal, and there is no big difference at first; Therefore, Wang Guandao. It can be said that it is the ancestor of broadsword, from which all other broadswords were born. Although there are various changes, none of them can be deified accurately and perfectly. Today, this knife is used as a handout, which is good for the public and the people, and also follows the ancient law.
Han Liuxi, "Interpretation? "When you reach the sword, you can chop it in its place and hit it," said the soldier. At its end, it says that if a bee stings, it will be poisonous and beneficial. Its original name is ring, and it looks like a ring. Its rooms are cut, cut and steep. Its shape is steep, and it wraps the blade. The decoration of the muzzle is called sticking, sticking and holding the beam mouth. The decoration at the end of the next stage is called "Ai", "Ai" and "Humble", which is the next word. The short knife said to shoot the moustache and shoot it next to it when shooting; Also known as dew pat, words are dew. "Jade+Humble"
Guo Ziheng's Ghost in the Cave: "The Yellow Emperor took the gold from the first mountain and began to cast knives." ("Beginners? Takebu? Knife ")
Beginner? Takebu? Knife: There were three knives in the past dynasties: Wu Dao, Chi Dao, Rong Dao, Luan Dao, Zheng Dao, Meng Lao, Xi Lirong Dao, Kunwu Jade Dao, Minghong Dao, Bai Bi Bao Dao, Bai Lian, Du Qing and Yi Ying.
Cao Pi's Dian Lun: "Prince Wei Pi made a treasure knife, one for Lingbao, the other for chapter, and the third for quality. He also made a stranger's knife, a long forest knife. 」
Liang Tao Hongjing's Records of Ancient and Modern Swords (included in Han and Wei Series) p747.
Beginner? Takebu? Sword: Spring and Autumn Story: Li Sheng, sword on the left, dragon like it; The knife is on the right, and so is the white tiger elephant. 」
Han Liuxi, "Interpretation? Shi Bing said, "Sabre, the sword beside sabre, or Rong Dao, has the shape of a knife without a blade, just for beauty. " 」
Knife is one of the earliest weapons in China. Primitive people used it to cut, chop, scratch or cut the skin of animals. Bronze knives in Shang Dynasty were born out of primitive stone knives, and large combat knives appeared. Ring-headed knives used in the Zhou Dynasty were not only used in the Han Dynasty, but also spread to Japan and Korea. The emperors and ministers of the Han Dynasty wore swords instead of swords, so the role of knives was particularly prominent in the Han Dynasty.
"Three talents"? Use Volume 6: "Wang Guan's crescent knife is extremely powerful, and its 36-point knife technique is unyielding in the face of soldiers. This is the first of the knives. 」
In the Tang dynasty, it was gradually changed to a ring-less handle-mounted knife, and its military application exceeded that of a sword.
"Tang Shu? Du Zhuan: "Fu Weiyi people are also good at using double-edged knives, and their long legs are called slapping knives. They can kill several people with one move, and they will never refuse. " 」
The Song Dynasty inherited the systems of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. The traditional single knife has only one color, with a heavy shape and a wide iron blade. Another kind of broadsword is widely used, such as machete, moon knife, etc. Eyebrow sharp knife, phoenix mouth knife, pen knife, etc.
Imitating Japanese Dao in Ming Dynasty, using both hands to hold the handle as a long Dao can cut off or damage the handle of the opposing long soldier. Qi Jiguang's Book of Ji Xiaoxin: "Long Dao has existed since Japanese invasion of China. If you jump well, you can jump more than ten feet. If the knife is five feet long, it is five feet long. Our soldiers are short and difficult to pick up, long and agile, and their reputation is ruined. 」
Martial artists often use "swords like tigers" to describe their bravery, ferocity and strength. The broadsword is a long weapon. As the saying goes, "a broadsword depends on its blade", that is, it takes time to chop, wipe, lift, chop, stab, press, hang and check the blade. Single knife and double knife are short weapons, which means "single knife looks at the hand, double knife looks at the walk". Therefore, the single knife pays attention to cutting, chopping, stabbing, pulling, wiping, blocking and cutting, while the double knife pays attention to the uniform force of both hands, clear knife method, flexible pace and coordination from top to bottom to show the posture of "flowers hidden in leaves and butterflies flying". At present, there are popular giant knives, three-pointed double-edged knives, double-ring knives and long knives (two-handed knives). Eighteen kinds of weapons-guns
Spear originated from the earliest things. In the era of Chezhan, soldiers used long soldiers and bows and arrows, but spears were the most suitable. So the spear is called Zhangba, and the gun comes from here. Unfortunately, although it was a fighting tool at that time, there was no certain way to use it; The two arrays are antagonistic, but with this weapon, they can attack each other from a long distance. According to legend, the gun was actually handed down by Miao Man. The gun spectrum contains: there are cannibals in the west, and the people are brave. Both men and women are skilled in martial arts, artists are kings, and the masses obey and dare not disobey; Therefore, the children of Wu Chishi's family are five or six years old. Even if they practice martial arts, those who are too weak to join the army will be abandoned by their parents, and the people in the village will not be with Wu. Clans are especially good at pike. This spear is seven to eight feet long, with a golden front and a wooden handle. When dancing, cold stars are dotted with silver light, and water can't be poured in. It can be used to attack the enemy, and the arrow stone cannot be destroyed. This is also the beginning of marksmanship. According to the suspicion of the western regions, Wu Chishi's family background can't be tested. As for when this law was introduced into the Central Plains, there are different opinions, so there is no need to delve into it. In short, marksmanship originated from the Wuji family, which is beyond doubt.
Guns, like spears, are the most widely used spearmen in ancient battlefields, which have been recorded in the later Han Dynasty, but their blades are long and have not yet left the spearhead form. Because spears are inconvenient to use, guns gradually became popular in the Jin Dynasty. The bronze spear head used at that time was slightly smaller than before, and it was similar to the iron spear head of later generations. There were many people who were good at guns in the Tang Dynasty. "Wang Chuan" said: "He is a brave and powerful man, who can walk a hundred steps, ride an iron gun and fly like a fly, and others can't lift it. In the army, his name is Wang Tie Gun. After the Song Dynasty, spears were basically replaced by guns. In Wu Jing Zong Yao, Ceng Gongliang listed eighteen kinds of long-rod iron guns in Song Dynasty, including: falling horse gun, double hook gun, ring gun, single hook gun, revolver gun, revolver gun, cone gun and so on. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, was very good at using guns. Up to now, there are still Yue's marksmanship.
Song Shi? Li Quanchuan: Li Quangong is agile and can transport iron guns, sometimes called Li Tie guns. Yang, the whole wife, said, "Twenty years of pear blossom guns are invincible in the world."
Qi Jiguang's "Ji Xiao" said: "The method of pike began in Yang, named pear flower, and the world is salty; The beauty lies in familiarity. Cooked, the heart can forget the hand, and the hand can forget the gun. The use is mellow and not sluggish, and quiet is not expensive. When it is quiet, the heart is not crazy, but it is rich, unpredictable and infinite. In Jin Yong's The Condor Heroes, Yang Kang used Yang Jia's gun method.
The Ming Dynasty is the heyday of the development and branch of Wushu, so at this stage, the theory and technology of marksmanship have been obviously improved, and all marksmanship are competitive. He's "War Story" said: "Majiapu, Shajiagan and Li Jiamao have their own merits. They can be used in both length and depth. They are unstoppable, fast and invincible, but Yang Lihua is also a dead shot. At that time, Yang's marksmanship was respected because Yang's gun was "fake and true, strange and positive; "Its progress is sharp, and its retreat is slow; Its potential is dangerous and its section is short; Don't move like a mountain, move like Lei Zhen ". In the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1635), Bi Maokang, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, wrote a picture of a burnt pear flower gun, and explained: "The pear flower gun was tied to the head of a pike and fired several feet. The enemy fell to the ground with medicine and stabbed him with a gun when the fire was over. This kind of gun has the function of firearms, and it is obviously an effective weapon before the emergence of new firearms.
At the end of Qing Dynasty, pike tended to be simple, with flat blade and round barrel bottom. Until today, this type is used in martial arts. At present, the popular guns are big guns, flower guns, double-headed guns, short guns, double guns, hook guns, guns and so on. The usage of guns mainly includes: stabbing, poking, tart, rushing, winding, winding, blocking, holding, flapping, pointing, poking, dancing and so on. Eighteen weapons-crossbows
The crossbow is also a bow. It is said that it was made by the Yellow Emperor. It is also called the nest bow. Its arrow does not rely on manpower, but its strength is great and far, stronger than the bow. Hunters always set up a bunch of shovels, so that tigers and leopards can practice their machines by mistake and get an arrow. This shows that its strength is also strong. However, the crossbow is slightly different from the bow. Behind the bow, put one arm horizontally and shoot an arrow, that is, when shooting, first put the string on the machine, which is called the crossbow tooth, and then press the crossbow nose, but in different directions. This is the next one, this is the next one, just like a mousetrap machine, so it is a crossbow nose. Crossbows come in different sizes and names. The small ones climb with their hands, and the big ones need their feet, which is not enough to cover. Its names include arm crossbow, flower crossbow and stirrup crossbow. , probably because of different usage, so we have different names. The structure of the crossbow is still the same. Probably, these names are from the Tang and Song Dynasties, not from ancient times. The role of crossbows is greater than bows and arrows, and firearms are popular, so the status of crossbows has plummeted. Even today, not only are few people familiar with them, but even their names and forms have been forgotten. But there are many mountains and forests in the north, and poisonous snakes and beasts sometimes do great harm to the people. Mountain residents still build nests and bows and arrows to protect themselves. Orion lives by hunting animals. In addition to fire, he also ambushed with a nest bow. Once the fire goes out, some people kill animals with crossbows. Therefore, although the crossbow is not used in the war, people outside the mouth of Shanshan, especially those who learn more, are in case they are born and benefit from it. If the people in the south are weak and plain, although they attach a little importance to the military today, no one can recover in this way.
Han Liuxi, "Interpretation? Release the soldiers: "crossbow, anger, anger. "Its handle is called an arm, which looks like a human arm. Hook string says teeth, just like teeth. Guo called the tooth outside, which is the rule of the tooth. Xia Yue Dao is natural in shape. Including the mouth of the machine, it is as smart as the machine and opens and closes like a cardinal of the portal. 」
A crossbow has a longer range than a bow.
During the Warring States period, there were four kinds of crossbows: the clip crossbow, the thin crossbow, the Tang crossbow and the big crossbow. Clip crossbows and thin crossbows are light and fast, and are mostly used to attack and defend fortresses; Tang crossbow and big crossbow are both strong crossbows. Although it has a long range, it has a slow firing rate and is mostly used in vehicle warfare and field operations.
Warring States policy? Han Ce-yi: "The world's strongest bow and crossbow comes from North Korea, and its calligraphy, Shaofu, Shili and Zilai are all shot 600 paces away." Xu Shen note "Huainanzi? True story: Nanxi is a savage crossbow, all of which are good materials. Han Youxi crossbow. "Shaofu, the official name, is a crossbow made by Shaofu. Time power, if done well, is twice as powerful as usual, hence its name. Distance, when "from millet", Xunzi? "On Evil Nature": "Complex and weak, huge and millet, ancient and good bow. 」
Hanshu? Where's Yi? Introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War: Fifteen articles on "Crossbow Shooter".
There are two kinds of crossbows in the Han Dynasty, one is "opening the crossbow with both arms" and the other is "opening the crossbow fully".
When Zhuge Liang was in Shu, he once made a crossbow called Rong Yuan. The crossbow is made of iron and is eight inches long. Ten arrows are placed in a crossbow slot, and when you pull the trigger once, you can shoot an arrow from the arrow hole. Then the arrow in the crossbow slot fell into the arrow room, and then it was wound and can be shot again. (Wushu essay P 164)
The crossbow in Jin Dynasty was bigger than that in Han Dynasty, so it was called "the crossbow of God of hosts". For example, in December of the sixth year of Emperor Yi of Jin 'an (4 10), Liu used a crossbow to smash Lu Xun.
In the first year of Xining in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1068), Li Hongzhang invented the crossbow, which was named Shen Arm Bow. Song Shi said, "The length is three feet two inches, the chord is two feet five inches, and the arrow feather is several inches long. He took more than 340 steps, and half an arrow hit the elm tree. It has the advantages of long range and light weight, so it has been spread to the Ming Dynasty.
Bed crossbows prevailed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and martial arts classics included double bow bed crossbows, cicada crossbows, fighting crossbows, three archers crossbows and so on. At the end of the Ming dynasty, crossbows gradually declined, and the Qing army no longer used them as combat weapons. Eighteen weapons-bow
Bow is one of the ancient weapons, which can excite the string and shoot far. The origin of this method is the oldest. The Yellow Emperor attacked Zhuolu with bows and arrows to win, and was the first one to use bows and arrows. However, bows and arrows at that time were made of bamboo and wood. Although they are far away, they are not perfect. Then they explain the principles, invent and refine each other. As a result, bows and arrows became weapons of war one by one, which not only made the ancients hit a hundred shots, but also suppressed the firearms of later generations. Although they were all explained by later generations, the contribution of their creators is also indispensable. According to the first person who waved a bow and arrow; Kao Yun: In ancient times, Huang waved a bow, which Xunzi called a bow, and Shanhaijing called a bow. According to the chronological test, when the wave was the creator, it was probably the bow of the ancients. At that time, the use of bows and arrows was more than 100 times that of other weapons. It is not only powerful and far-reaching, but also good at performing. If you study it carefully, you will be familiar with it. It is foolproof to shoot people with a hundred paces. Compared with modern firearms, we don't give up much, so it's appropriate to pay attention to eighteen kinds of martial arts, which began with crossbows and ended in vain.
Han Liuxi, "Interpretation? When the soldiers were released, they said, "Bow, dome, and the dome of Zhang. At the end, it is called the flute tip; Also known as "Yi", the bones are slippery. The central government says "caress" and "caress", and people caress and hug. Fu Xiao's idle talk is meaningful, profound, graceful and meaningful, and his words are graceful and melodious. 」
1963, a Paleolithic flint headstock was found at the Zhiyu site in Shanxi Province 28,000 years ago. It is made of very thin long stones, sharp and geometric, with the shape of a trowel bit.
"Wu yue spring and autumn? Biography of Gou Jian: "So, Fan Li returned to Chen Yin, a good shooter. The Chu people also said: "I heard that crossbows are born with bows, and bows are born with bullets, playing the role of filial sons in ancient times." The king of Yue said, "What about those who are filial to bullets? The voice said, "The ancients were simple, hungry for birds and beasts, thirsty for fog and dew, and wrapped themselves in imperata when they died and threw them into the middle field. The dutiful son couldn't bear to see his parents being eaten by animals, so he pretended to protect them from the harm of birds and animals. Therefore, the song says, "Break the bamboo and continue the bamboo, and fly the soil to chase it away." Therefore, the string wood of Shennong and Huangdi is arc, and the wood is vector. The benefits of sagitta are all-round. After the Yellow Emperor, Chu had an arc father. Arc father was born in Jingshan, Chu, but he never met his parents. When he was a child, he used a bow and arrow and never missed it. It reached Iraq, Iraq, Feng Meng. Qin believes that bows and arrows are not enough to dominate the world. At that time, the princes were in melee, the swords and shadows were intertwined, and the power of bows and arrows could not be controlled. Qin arms are bent horizontally, the machine is pivoted and stiffened, so the princes are desirable. In a word, Hubei and Zhang are the three kings of Chu in Qin Chuan, and the people call them Elk Hou, Wing Hou,. Since the third Hou of Chu, it has spread to the ghost king, claiming that Chu has passed away and building peach bows and arrows for neighboring countries. Since the soul of the king, the shooting path has been diverted, and 100 people are available. My predecessors were influenced by Chu, and the fifth generation was influenced by me. I don't know the way, but the king tried. ..... The way of shooting, if the body is wearing a board, if the head is crying, the left foot is horizontal. If the left hand is attached to the branch, if the right hand is holding the child. Look at the enemy with crossbows and swallow cigarettes with your heart. If you are angry, you will get peace. God is determined to stop the separation. Right hand engine, left hand doesn't know. As a pagan, you can't be male or female. Te is also the way to shoot crossbows. 』」
"Is it easy? Under the copula: "The ancients used string wood as an arc, cut wood as an arrow, and took the arrow to dominate the world. 」
"Book of Poetry": "Exploration is a bow, with Yi and Mou as the standard. 」
"Zuo Zhuan" said: "King Chu Ling is second to Gan Xi, and Right Yin Zige is later. The king said to him, "My former king Xiong Yi lived in seclusion in Jingshan and served the king only with peach arrows. 』」
Beginner? Takebu? Bow: According to the legend of Han poetry, "Qi Jinggong made a bow, and the archer's wife said," Bow is the zhe of Mount Tai, the horn of a wild ox, the thorn of a deer, and the glue of a river fish. Four things are the best materials in the world. 』」
"Zhou Li? Sima Xia Guan said, "Take the bow and arrow, master the method of six bows, four crossbows and eight arrows, and distinguish their names and things. ..... King bow, arc bow, shooting a leather product; Clip bow, bow, in order to shoot Hou birds and beasts; Tang bow, big bow, teach archers. ..... Every crossbow, clip, take the opportunity to attack and defend, Tang, Italian car battlefield; Every arrow, waste arrow, sharp arrow fire, and guarding city car war; Kill arrows, shoot arrows, and hunt with all the close range. 」
Bows include king bow, arc bow, clip bow, thin bow, Tang bow and big bow. Their shapes and uses are different. King bow and arc bow are used for guarding city and fighting cars, clip bow and thin bow are used for wild hunting and bird shooting, and Tang bow and big bow are used for shooting. The size of the bow is also divided into upper bow (6 feet 6 inches), middle bow (6 feet 3) and lower bow (6 feet 3) according to the user's body length and physical strength.
There are tiger bows, carved bows, angle bows, road bows and strong bows in the Han Dynasty. Most bows are inlaid with bronze ornaments or jade ornaments.
Historical records? Zhou Benji: "Chu has Yang, who is good at shooting, is also good at shooting. They shot the willow leaves with a hundred paces and hit the target with a hundred shots. Thousands of people from left to right are good at shooting. 」
Mencius: "Anyone who shoots." Xunzi: "Easy, meet the door, good at shooting. "Historical records? Turtle policy biography: "It is better to be famous and shoot than to meet the door. 」
Historical records? Biography of General Li: Li Guang, the general who reported to Emperor Wu, said, "When you go hunting and see a stone in the grass, shoot it as a tiger. If you don't hit the stone, you should look at it as a stone. " 」
Hanshu? Where's Yi? Brief introduction of the soldiers: two shots in each gate, eleven shots in Yin Tong, three shots in General Li, six shots in Wei's family, five shots in Wang Wu with a strong crossbow, five shots in Wang He, and eight shots in Park Mao.
Shu Wei? Biography of Li Anshi: Li Bo, a Guangping native, has a powerful clan, and her sister is elegant and elegant, especially good at riding and shooting. The people said, "Li Bomei is graceful, and her skirt is like a picture scroll. She must shoot both left and right." 」