The name of Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion comes from Li Bai's poem: "Five Old Peaks in the southeast of Lushan Mountain in Jin Furong were all cut off by sunny days". In the courtyard to the south of Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion, there are a group of rockeries with lakes and stones, which are piled up according to the artistic conception of the five old peaks of Lushan Mountain. There are five hills in the meantime, which is a metaphor for the "five peaks" in the name of the museum. In the eyes of the ancients, Lushan Mountain is a paradise for immortals and hermits, and it is synonymous with seclusion and immortality. This is closely related to the "fairy" in the name of the museum. This group of pavilions is also the largest in the south of the Yangtze River.
Secondly, the Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion has a large volume, which may be related to the first generation owner Xu Taishi. Master Xu visited Taipu Temple and participated in the construction of Dingling in Ming Tombs. People who build palaces for the emperor all the year round will naturally spend more money.
The main hall is five rooms wide, and the front and rear halls are separated by gauze. Among them, the front hall accounts for about two-thirds of the whole building. There are tables, natural chairs, plush chairs and other furniture facing south in the middle of the main hall, with tables and chairs on the left and right. Many furniture divides the main hall space into a series of spaces, such as bright room, sub-room and pointed room, which is more complicated, elegant and beautiful than the general Jiangnan hall. The reason is that Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion covers a relatively large area. There are a series of windows on the east and west walls of the Immortal Pavilion, which are large in opening and closing, but simple and generous in decoration. This practice draws lessons from the scenery of two small courtyards outside the window, expands the visual space of the hall and ensures sufficient light in the building. Therefore, when we walked into the Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion, we didn't feel gloomy, depressed or even a little gloomy as before when we walked into other old houses. On the contrary, we think the hall is spacious, bright, magnificent and atmospheric.
The building materials of Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion are very luxurious. The beams and columns are all nanmu, and the middle is all mahogany and ginkgo gauze. The use of such precious wood shows that Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion plays an extraordinary role in the park.
Brief introduction of staying in the park
It is as famous as Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden. Located outside the gate of chāng, Suzhou, it was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1522 ~ 1566), and another information: Lingering Garden was built in Tianshun four years of Ming Dynasty (1460). Originally the East Garden of Xu Shitai in the Ming Dynasty, it was owned by Liu Rongfeng in the Qing Dynasty and renamed as Hanbilou, commonly known as "Liuyuan". In the second year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty, it was taken from Sheng and the name stayed in the garden. Lingering Garden covers an area of about 30 mu (other two materials: 2 hectares, about 30,000 square meters), and the number of Lingering Garden buildings ranks first among Suzhou gardens. Buildings such as halls, corridors, whitewashed walls and caves are combined with rockeries, pools and flowers to form dozens of garden sketches of different sizes. Its outstanding treatment in space fully embodies the superb skills and wisdom of ancient gardeners, as well as the artistic style and characteristics of Jiangnan garden architecture.
The building divides the garden into several parts, and each building is equipped with various doors and windows, which can communicate the scenery of each part, so that when people watch the outdoor scenery indoors, they can see all kinds of pictures composed of landscape flowers, plants and trees in an unobstructed view, and the visual field space is greatly expanded.
The whole garden of Lingering Garden is divided into four parts. In a garden, you can enjoy four different scenery: landscape, pastoral, mountain forest and garden. The central part is famous for its waterscape, which is the essence of the whole garden. In the east, Quyuan cloister architecture wins. In the east of the garden, there are more than a dozen places, such as the famous drizzle fast fish hall, the nymphs cutting hall, the place where my study is returned, the Yuntai and the Guanyun Building. There are three stone peaks standing behind the pool in the hospital, with the stone crown Yunfeng in the middle and RuiYunfeng and Yun Xiu Peak on both sides. There are pastoral scenery and new bonsai gardens in the north; The west area is the highest place in the whole park, full of wild interest, strange rockeries, and natural accumulation of rocks and stones. Bishan Building and B&B Building in Han Dynasty in Jinan are the main landscape buildings in Lingering Garden.
The park is centered on the pool, and there is a rockery pavilion in the north of the pool, with trees reflecting each other. The fragrance of osmanthus fragrans on the rockery to the west of Chixi is the best position overlooking the whole park, and there is a long corridor connecting all places.
There are also "Little Taoyuan (Little Penglai)", Cui Yuan Pavilion, Quxi Building and Qingfengchi Pavilion in the architectural landscape of Lingering Garden.
Lingering Garden is located outside Nagato. The Lingering Garden was built by Xu Taishi, a servant during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and is called the East Garden. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, he returned to China for sightseeing and was named Hanbizhuang, commonly known as Liuyuan. During the Tongzhi period, Sheng bought it, expanded it, renovated it, took a homonym with Liu, and changed its name to stay in the park. Yu Yue, the champion of the last imperial examination, called it "the crown of Wu Ming Garden" in the book "Lingering in the Garden". As a national key cultural relics protection unit, it is also called "Four Famous Gardens" with Humble Administrator's Garden, Beijing Summer Palace and chengde mountain resort. 196 1 is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. 1997 is listed in the World Heritage List.
General introduction
Liuyuan covers an area of more than 30 mu, integrating residential houses, ancestral halls, homes and gardens. Integrating Jiangnan gardening art, he is good at architectural structure. He is good at using the culture of size, straightness, light and shade, height and retraction to absorb the surrounding scenery and form a spatial system with rich levels, scattered connections, rich rhythm, rich colors and sharp contrast. According to the architecture, the whole park is divided into four scenic spots: China, East, West and North. The middle is famous for its mountains and rivers, the pool is clean and quiet, surrounded by mountains and peaks, and the ancient trees are towering. The east is dominated by architecture, with overlapping double eaves, winding corridors, suitable density, beautiful peaks and charming rocks; The western environment is quiet, full of mountains and forests; Bamboo hedge huts in the north are quite rustic.
In Suzhou gardens, the buildings staying in the garden are not only numerous, but also densely distributed, and their reasonable layout and ingenious space treatment are beyond all gardens. Each building has its own distinctive personality in its scenic area. On the whole, there is no sense of disorder, giving people a continuous whole concept.
The pavilions in the park are uneven, and the winding cloisters are as many as 700 meters, which is quite wonderful. Buildings account for about a quarter of the total area of the park. The architectural structural style represents the style of Qing Dynasty, creating many unique buildings in a small area, showing the artistic techniques of gardening everywhere.
When Xu Taishi was founded in the Ming Dynasty, the forest garden was unpretentious and full of forest interest. By the time of Liu in Qing Dynasty, although the number of buildings had increased, there was still a profound, tortuous and quiet interest, and the layout was generally similar to today, and some places still retained the flavor of Ming Dynasty gardens. In its heyday, once the garden is built, it looks magnificent, but the deep atmosphere in the garden has disappeared.
The whole garden winds through a winding corridor to a secluded place, with a total length of 600-700 meters. There are more than 300 famous calligraphy stone carvings embedded in the gallery wall, among which the famous one is Dong Hance, a native of Songling, Wujiang, in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, which took 25 years and 13 years of Wanli to carve.
Three wonders of lingering garden
A misty mountain peak
The peak of Liuyuan Cloud is a masterpiece of Taihu Stone, which combines the thinness, wrinkling, leakage and transparency of Taihu Stone. According to legend, this strange stone is still a relic of the flower stone in the late Song Dynasty. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, although the war in the north was tight and the nomads from the north were besieged on all sides, Song Huizong built a large-scale construction project in Tokyo, and built the "Yanfu Palace" and the "Wanshou Mountain". He ordered a nationwide collection of exotic flowers and stones and boasted that he would collect all the treasures in the palace. In the fourth year of Suining in Hui Zong, Suzhou-Hangzhou Yingfeng Bureau was set up to collect famous flowers and stones. The director of Suzhou-Hangzhou Yingfeng Bureau is Zhu Mian, who is the best at buttering up oversight. Since he became this official, he had the power to buy "Hua Shigang", so he let go of his hands and feet and tried his best to collect and scrape among the people. As long as there is a stone or a tree in someone's house, he will immediately send troops and take it home if he finds it and takes a fancy to it. Anyone who dares to resist will be punished as "disrespecting the emperor". Sometimes in order to move trees and stones, even the walls of residential buildings and even houses are torn down. At that time, Zhu Myanmar found too many flowers and stones from the people, which finally aroused the peasant uprising in Fang La. At that time, one of the slogans of the Fang La Uprising Army was to kill Zhu Myanmar, which echoed the Fang La Uprising Army. The peasant uprising led by Shi Sheng also broke out in Suzhou. Soon, the Northern Song Dynasty regime was finally destroyed by gold because of the emptiness of the national treasury and the poverty of the people, and Zong Wei himself became a prisoner. The crested bee is a relic of flowers and was not delivered in time.
Nanmudian
The pillars of Nanmu Temple were originally made of superior nanmu, but during the Anti-Japanese War, Nanmu Temple became a stable, and hungry marching horses ate up the superior nanmu pillars. Later, when the garden was restored after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the nanmu column had to be plastered with cement and painted outside.
ichthyolite
There is a natural marble painting "Fish Fossil" in the Wu Fengxian Pavilion of Lingering Garden, which is known as one of the "Three Treasures of Lingering Garden". I saw a marble standing on the wall, surrounded by mountains in the middle of the stone face, with overlapping vertical walls, flowing water in the lower part and waterfalls hanging down, and graceful flowing water in the upper part, just above the center, with a white dot, just like the sun or the bright moon. This is a natural landscape painting. This marble with a diameter of about one meter is produced in Diancang Mountain, Yunnan, and its thickness is only 10.