Zeng guopan Zeng Guofan! ! !
Zeng Guofan (1811-1872) was one of the most influential figures in the history of China. His life, his wisdom and his thoughts have deeply influenced several generations of China people, so that although he has been dead for more than one hundred years, people still talk about Zeng Guofan. Some commentators said: Zeng Guofan is the last person in China's ancient history and the first person in modern history, if dating by figures. This sentence summarizes Zeng Guofan's personal role and influence from a certain angle. He was also the most prominent and controversial figure in modern China.
Zeng Guofan was born in a landlord family in the Qing Dynasty. Although he was stupid since childhood, he was diligent and eager to learn. He entered a school at the age of 6. At the age of 8, he can read eight-part essay and recite the Five Classics. At the age of 14, he can read the selected works of Zhou Li and Historical Records. In the same year, he took the boy's test in Changsha and got excellent results. Father Lin's book, with land, did not cultivate, and was obsessed with fame. However, the child tried 17 times, and his father set up a library to teach students. Zeng Guofan learned from his father when he was young. In the 13th year of Daoguang (1833), he entered the county as a scholar. The following year, I studied at Yuelu Academy in Changsha, and I was promoted in the same year. After that, I went to Beijing to try and failed again and again. In the eighteenth year, Gong Shi, the thirty-eighth in the middle school, went to palace examination, and was forty-second in the top three. He was given a background as a scholar. Jishi Shu, the Imperial Academy, was selected for the examination. Since then, he has worked in the capital and made friends with Mu Zhang 'a, Woren and Tang Jian. Twenty-seven years as the examiner after having obtained the provincial examination in Sichuan, and next year he will be promoted as a lecturer, and the next year he will be promoted as a lecturer. In twenty-seven years, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in cabinet and the title of assistant minister in does. In 29 years, he served as the right assistant minister of does and the right assistant minister of Ministry of War. For thirty years, he was also the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. Xianfeng two years (1852) and the official department left assistant minister. Finally, it was promoted to the governor, and the official residence was one product. Throughout his life, he pursued patience as the first priority, and advocated that everything should be diligent and frugal, and he should not be proud of being an official. He cultivated self-discipline, sought officials by virtue, put courtesy first, and sought politics by loyalty, and achieved great success in officialdom. The rise of Zeng Guofan had a far-reaching impact on the politics, military affairs, culture and economy of the Qing Dynasty. Zeng Guofan was the first person who really "opened his eyes to see the world" and actively practiced it in the history of China. At Zeng Guofan's initiative, he built the first ship in China, established the first ordnance school, printed and translated the first batch of western books, and arranged the first batch of students studying in the United States. It can be said that Zeng Guofan is the pioneer of China's modernization.
Zeng Guofan ruled the army with Confucianism, respected benevolence and righteousness, raised the Xiang army by himself, and established another discipline. He wrote Love Folk Songs, which made the soldiers of Xiang army behave accordingly. His article "Begging the Guangdong Bandits" called for "being a gentleman" and "being outraged and defending our way", which encouraged many intellectuals to take off their gowns and willingly join in the battle with the Taiping Army. He suppressed the peasant uprising in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and made the Qing Dynasty survive. He studied western culture, purged the political style, "saved the disadvantages of the times", and was ambitious, which led to the emergence of "tongzhi Zhongxing" in the late Qing Dynasty. He convinces people honestly, avoids disasters from afar, values propriety and prudence, and weaves the strongest network of relationships. He knows how to make good use of people's abilities and talents, and there are as many as 1, subordinates who recommend the recommendation, among which there are more than 4 people from the official to the governor, realizing the great cause of Confucianism's self-cultivation, ruling the country and leveling the world, making great achievements, and making a statement of "three immortals." His official position rose the fastest. Within ten years, he jumped seven grades in a row. At the age of 37, he was promoted to the second grade. The only person who could have this honor was Zeng Guofan in the Qing Dynasty. He was the most stable official, serving three generations of kings, Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi, for 34 years, and his favor remained unchanged. He is the best official, outstanding in his political voice, and has a word for governing the people, so he has the reputation of "learning from Zeng Guofan in politics and learning from Hu Xueyan in business". He is a gentleman for learning, Ming Dow is a scholar, quiet and far-reaching, and looks down on gains and losses. His father is kind and filial, his brother is respectful and his family education is good. His Letter from Home is a model of ancient family education in China.
How did Zeng Guopan die? What was his official position when he died
In the ninth year of Tongzhi (187), Zeng Guofan was ordered to go to Tianjin to handle the Tianjin religious plan.
on June 21, 187, thousands of people in Tianjin gathered in front of the French Catholic church on suspicion that the Catholic church used the nursery as a crutch to kidnap people and kill babies. French consul Feng Daye thought that the official didn't press hard. He ran into Liu Jie, a magistrate of Tianjin, with a gun in the street. Because of a dispute, he shot and killed Liu Jie's servant on the spot. In public anger, he first killed French consul Feng Daye and his secretary Simon, then killed 1 nuns, 2 priests, 2 other French consulate staff, 2 French nationals, 3 Russian nationals and more than 3 China believers, and burned the French consulate, the Catholic Church of Wanghailou and local British and American missionaries.
after the incident, Britain, the United States, France and other countries jointly proposed * * *, and dispatched warships to show off. After Zeng Guofan arrived in Tianjin, considering the situation at that time, he didn't want to go to war with France. "However, the quick success of the Hebei draw was not one of the crimes of asking for love." At the request of France, he decided to finally kill 18 people who were the first to kill, banished 25 people, and sent Zhang Guangzao, the magistrate of Tianjin, and Liu Jie, the magistrate of a county, to Heilongjiang to compensate foreigners for their losses of 462, silver, and sent a mission from Chonghou to France to apologize.
As a result of this negotiation, people in the imperial court and public opinion were very dissatisfied, which greatly affected Zeng Guofan's reputation and caused the national ruling and opposition parties to curse him. Even his fellow Hunan people smashed and burned the plaque boasting about his fame in Huguang Guild Hall. He died in Nanjing on the fourth day of February (Gregorian calendar: March 2, 1872) in the eleventh year of Tongzhi.
The imperial court gave a gift to Taifu, and after his death, he was given the title of "Wen Zheng". There are many officials in the descendants of his family, such as Ceng Jize.
The Story of Zeng Guopan
Since the beginning of 27, Zeng Guopan's people have read several books about Zeng Guopan, and it really helped me a lot to savor his classics when reading them carefully. It seems that everyone is interested in his letters from home.
Now I post his profile in the space for everyone to share: Zeng Guopan,No. Di Sheng, Yi Wenzheng, a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, was born in a landlord's family in a remote mountain village on November 26th, 1811 (some records date back to 181, which I haven't figured out yet). Zeng Guopan has five brothers, he is the eldest, and his parents are strict with their brothers. Zeng Guopan's grandfather taught them from an early age that "a gentleman in the next place is difficult for one party, but in the last place, everything is useless". "People are ashamed of cowardice and lack of rigidity, so men must be stubborn when they stand on their own feet." He worked hard at an early age, studied the Five Classics at the age of 6, studied the Five Classics at the age of 8, took the boy's exam at the age of 14, passed the scholar's exam at the age of 22, and entered the middle school at the age of 28 (including many failures).
hating the country, he was young and successful, and his official career was easy. In 1 years, he only got ten grades in a row, and his official got the second grade. The key to his rapid promotion was that he worked hard to cultivate himself, studied Confucianism deeply, and never gave up on his moral cultivation, even when he was in decline. Since he was a child, he has the ambition to "cultivate one's morality, rule the country and level the world."
Zeng Guo Pan Lizhi studied, demanding and ambitious. He warned his younger brothers to pay attention to "perseverance" in their studies. If they are ambitious, they will not be vulgar. If they have knowledge, they will learn endlessly. If they have perseverance, they will never fail.
When the Qing Dynasty suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising, Lu was defeated, but his own Xiang Army was able to turn the tables and win the military victory. * * * called him a "scholar with original knowledge, ambitious instrument, loyal to the country, and thrifty" and praised him as a famous minister of ZTE Hell. "Chiang Kai-shek and * * * both adored him and studied him endlessly.
Call Jieshi a model for his lifelong study! After the Taiping Rebellion was suppressed, Zeng Guopan's power was extremely huge, and Qing * * * was worried about it. Qing * * once said that "one Li Xiucheng left and another Zeng Guopan came", but at this time, Zeng Guopan realized its state of affairs and killed more than 1, Xiang troops to eliminate Qing * * *' s concerns about its rebellion. Nowadays, many people call Zeng Guopan a traitor. In fact, if we change our thinking and stand in the social background at that time, he is actually a loyal minister who was upright and loyal to the late Qing Dynasty.
what was Zeng guopan like?
China, the last famous official of Neo-Confucianism, took it as his duty to help the world, and he was good at knowing people and employing people, being a handsome talent and destroying Hong Xiuquan.
From an ordinary scholar who was not outstanding in talent until he served as the records (college students) in the late Qing Dynasty, he was an absolute leader among officials. Unfortunately, in his later years, he stumbled on the Tianjin religious plan, but both his friends, fans and enemies respected his strict family education and were open-minded.
at least from the point of view of self-cultivation, it is an example for everyone in the world! I think 1. From a historical point of view, Zeng Guofan saved the day and delayed the demise of the Qing Empire; 2. From a literary point of view, Zeng Gong left us many literary works, mainly inspirational works such as letters to guide people how to do things and behave themselves; 3. From a cultural point of view, Zeng Gong left us a spiritual legacy, and Zeng Guofan's "cautious independence" spirit had a far-reaching impact. It is also a spiritual portrayal to learn from Zeng Guofan as an official and Hu Xueyan as a businessman. 4. From the perspective of pedagogy, Zeng Guofan's education for his family and his own children is harsh and bitter, and Zeng Gong's son has also made achievements, and his educational methods are worth learning; Zeng Guofan understands human nature and people's hearts. From the point of view of our growth, his warnings about treating the heart, nourishing the heart, inspiring, advancing and retreating, gaining and losing are worth learning.
The controversial issue about Zeng Guofan is whether it is just or unjust to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In fact, most wars are those so-called leaders who sacrifice people's lives for their own interests and play a game of * * *. The game only makes the leader who leads the war, and those who follow the war are just talking nonsense.
Actually, the times made heroes, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Zeng Guofan.
who can help me introduce Zeng guopan?
Zeng Guofan (November 21, 1811-March 12, 1872), whose first name was Zicheng, whose name was Bo Han, whose name was Di Sheng, was Shi Wenzheng.
China was a strategist, a philosopher and a politician in the Qing Dynasty. He was one of the "famous ministers of Zhongxing" and a writer. He was the founder of the "Xiangxiang School" of prose in the late Qing Dynasty. Official to the governor of Liangjiang, the governor of Zhili, the university student of Wuyingdian, and the first-class Yi Yong Hou.
A native of Baiyangping, Xiangxiang, Changsha Prefecture, Hunan Province, now belongs to Tianziping, Heye Town, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province. [Supplement] Zeng Guofan (1811-1872), whose birth name was Kuanyi, whose name was Zicheng, also known as Guofan, whose name was Bohan and whose name was Di Sheng.
Born in Xiangxiang County, Changsha, Hunan Province, there are nine brothers and sisters, and Zeng Guofan is the eldest son. He was born in Kejia, and then he was given a review by the Imperial Academy, and began a long official career.
In 1847, he was promoted to the position of bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of rites, and in 1849, he was promoted to the position of assistant minister of rites. In the following nine years, he served as assistant minister of soldiers, workers, criminals and officials, and was in charge of military and political affairs. After ten years, he moved seven times and jumped ten levels, and he jumped from seven products to two products, creating a miracle of being an official in the Qing court. The pinnacle of Zeng Guofan's political career was the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement that swept the country.
Looking at Zeng Guofan's life, he strictly honed himself with the Confucian instruction of "being upright, sincere, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world". On the one hand, he was devoted to self-cultivation, intensively studied Neo-Confucianism, learned from things, refined poetry and prose, and was unique. On the one hand, it adapts to the requirements of the times, discusses the strategy of governing the country to solve domestic troubles and foreign invasion, and at the same time accepts the influence of modern western culture and advocates westernization. Zeng Guofan wrote a lot in his life, but the letter from home was the most widely circulated and influential.
In 1879, that is, seven years after Zeng Guofan's death, Chuanzhong Bookstore engraved a letter from Zeng Wenzheng edited by Li Hanzhang and Li Hongzhang. Zeng Guofan's life is inseparable from the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionary movement.
in 1852, Zeng Guofan was at home because of his mother's death. At this time, the revolutionary storm of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has swept half of China. Although the Qing Dynasty mobilized a large number of Eight Banners and green camp officers and men from all over the country to deal with the Taiping Army, this decadent counter-revolutionary armed force was vulnerable and completely lost its ability to resist the revolutionary army.
Therefore, Qing * * * repeatedly issued orders to reward Yong Tuan, trying to use local landlords' armed forces to curb the development of revolutionary forces, which provided an opportunity for the emergence of Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army. In January, 1853, the Qing court appointed Zeng Guofan as the assistant minister of Yong ying, and supervised Yong ying in Hunan.
regardless of the gift of keeping the system for three years, Zeng Guofan took active actions and began his lifelong opposition to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He knew that if we followed the old way of organizing Yong ying, it would be impossible to deal with the large-scale and well-organized peasant forces, so he suggested re-establishing a regular army outside green camp-the Xiang Army.
the main characteristics of Xiang army are as follows: first, the feudal patriarchal clan system is used as a link to unite the army. The officers and men of the Xiang army are generally selected and recruited through their fellow villagers, relatives, relatives and friends, teachers and students.
each battalion obeys only one battalion officer, and the whole army obeys only one Zeng Guofan. Second, the generals of the Xiang army were mostly selected from the intellectuals of the small and medium-sized landlord class who were influenced by Confucius and Mencius, frustrated on the road of imperial examination, and bent on hunting for fame and wealth through military exploits.
These people usually flaunt Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism and regard defending the feudal ruling order as their highest goal. Third, in the name of "defending morality", the Xiang army is actually a group of robbers who kill and set fire to it.
When he was training in Changsha, Zeng Guofan was nicknamed "Zeng shaved his head" because he killed many people. In the battle with Taiping Army, Zeng Guofan used the methods of looting property and conferring titles on officials to boost morale, and formed the nature of Xiang Army's fierce and disabled.
At the beginning of 1854, the Xiang Army formed the 13th Battalion of the Army and the 1th Battalion of the Navy, with more than 17, people. In the same year, it officially set out to fight the Taiping Army. Zeng Guofan issued a campaign in his own name, falsely calling the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom a "Guangdong bandit", saying that he came out to suppress the revolution not only to defend the Qing dynasty, but also to defend the whole old tradition.
He called on all "literates" to fight for the famous religion represented by Confucius and Mencius. Zeng Guofan fulfilled his promise.
in 1854, he led the Xiang army to launch a crazy counterattack against the Taiping Army in Hunan and Hubei. In December, the Xiang army entered Jiujiang, and the situation was very unfavorable to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Zeng Guofan shouted with ecstasy: "Clear the river and go straight to Jinling."
In order to reverse this passive situation, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom sent Shi Dakai and others to lead troops to the west to help, and in the battles of Hukou and Jiujiang, they killed the Xiang Navy. On February 11th, 1855, Taiping Army set fire to more than 1 Xiang ships moored on the river and won Zeng Guofan's boat. Zeng Guofan was desperate, threw himself into the water, was rescued by his minions, hastily fled into Nanchang, and fell into the encirclement of Taiping Army, which made him "cry for help" and "dream soul repeatedly surprised".
In 1856, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom experienced internal chaos, and the Xiang army took the opportunity to make a comeback. In December, it captured Wuhan, and then Li Xubin led the main force of the Xiang army into the battlefield in Jiangxi, trapped Jiujiang and advanced on sanhe town, an important military stronghold of the Taiping Army. Obviously, Zeng Guofan's intention is to win Wuhan and Jiujiang first, and then take Hubei and Jiangxi as the rear, and compete with Taiping Army for Anhui, with special emphasis on Anqing.
He thinks that as long as Anqing is occupied, it can go down the Yangtze River to Tianjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In November 1858, the Taiping Army