About the details of Zhu, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Zhu's poems
Boating, poetry, spring, random thoughts on reading, Lan Jian, reading to the best of three or nine songs, occasionally, Liu Hua, Bodhisattva Xia, sima guang studious, the title of Shuidiao song implicitly contains the spirit of Du Mu.
Second, the impact
Zhu went in and out of Buddhism and Taoism in his early years. At the age of 3 1, Dong Li, a disciple of Cheng Yi's three biographies, officially started his career and joined Confucianism, becoming an important figure in Confucianism after Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. In the second year (1 175), Zhu, Lu Jiuyuan met at the Ehu Temple in Qianshan, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. This was a famous meeting of the Ehu Lake, and the differences between Zhu and Lu were more obvious. On the basis of Bailuyuan Sinology, Zhu Jian established Bailudong Academy, formulated "learning rules", lectured and taught. The main purpose of restoring Yuelu Academy in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) is to gain knowledge from poor management, oppose worship and practice, and respect. He inherited Cheng Zhu and developed independently, forming his own system, which was later called Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. During his tenure as a local official, Zhu advocated resisting gold, loving the people and saving taxes, reducing labor force, limiting land merger and high-interest exploitation, and implemented some reform measures, and also participated in activities to suppress peasant uprisings. During his education, Zhu dabbled in or wrote about Confucian classics, history, literature, Buddhism, Taoism and natural science, and his works were extensive and rich.
In his later years, Zhu settled in Jianyang Kaoting to give lectures, and students from all over the world came in droves to study, study Neo-Confucianism and write books. Together with Cai, he established a remarkable "Kaoting School" in academic history, so Kaoting was called "Queli in southern Fujian" and Jianyang was called "the hometown of Neo-Confucianism", because of Zhu, Cai, Liu _,, You Jiuyan and Ye Wei. Nowadays, every year around Tomb-Sweeping Day, overseas descendants of Zhu from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan come to pay homage. His Neo-Confucianism founded in the Southern Song Dynasty is still highly respected by the United States, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and other countries.
Third, the life of the characters.
In the fourth year of Song Jianyan (1 130), Zhu was born in Shuinanzheng (now Nanxi Academy) in Youxi County on September 15th. When Zhu was born, there were seven moles in the right corner of his eye, arranged like Beidou.
In the fifth year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 135), Zhu started primary school at the age of five, and he was already able to read the Book of Filial Piety. He wrote an inscription in the book: "If not, he is not an adult." At the age of six, Zhu played with a group of children and drew gossip on the sandbar in front of the Zheng family. Ask your father about the sun and the sky.
In the seventh year of Shaoxing (1 137), Zhu Song was called to Beijing. Before he went to the capital, he sent his wife and Zhu to live in Pucheng, Jianzhou.
In the 13th year of Shaoxing (1 143), Zhu Song died in Jian 'ou. Before he died, he entrusted Zhu to his fifth husband's friend (Zhu's adoptive father) in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan City), and wrote to invite his fifth husband's Liu Zi _ (Pingshan), Liu Mianzhi (Baishui) and Hu Xian (Jixi) to further study. Zhu was regarded as his own, and the Zhu family was placed in the building next to his home, named Ziyang Building.
In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing (1 147), Zhu 18 years old, was admitted as a graduate student after having obtained the provincial examination in Jianzhou.
In the spring of the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148), Liu Mianzhi betrothed his daughter Liu Qingsi to Zhu. In March of the same year, Zhu entered the imperial examination in the capital, ranking ninetieth in the fifth place in Wang Zuobang, and was given a scholar's background.
Twenty-one years after he first entered Shaoxing (1 15 1), Zhu once again entered the senior high school entrance examination, and was awarded Zuo Di Gong Lang and the master book of Tongan County in Quanzhou.
In the summer of the 23rd year of Shaoxing (1 153), Zhu studied under Yanping on his way to Tongan. In autumn and July, Zhu went to Tongan. Manage county affairs with the method of "respecting etiquette and justice, being lenient with customs, breaking official traitors and helping the people", resolve the struggle between Tongan and Jinjiang counties, rectify county schools, advocate the construction of "teaching and thinking hall", advocate the construction of "classics and history hall" in Dacheng Hall of Confucian Temple, and advocate reducing the money paid by the general manager.
In the twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing (1 157), Zhu Renman returned to China.
In the twenty-eighth year of Shaoxing (1 158), Zhu realized that "the world trend of jumping from Buddha to immortal would ruin people's popularity, dissipate national strength and hinder national rejuvenation", and he planned to embark on the road of seeking a teacher again, determined to worship him, and inherited the orthodoxy of "Luo Xue" preached by Cheng Er, which laid the foundation for Zhu's later theory. A four-character plaque inscribed "Flying a kite and jumping fish". When Zhu returned to Tongan, he did not seek official advancement, but mainly engaged in education and writing activities. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Song Xiaozong acceded to the throne to solicit opinions from his subjects. Yin Zhu wrote a letter to protect the throne, advocating against peace and war, against Buddhism and Confucianism, and elaborated on Chen's opinions on giving lectures and understanding Taoism in Ren County. In October of the first year of Longxing (1 163), Zhu yingzhao went to Duigong Temple and gave three essays: one was about sincerity, learning from the experience and opposing the heresy of the old Buddha; Another essay is about retaliating against foreign countries and opposing peace talks. The third essay is about how to repair politics internally and oppose cherishing trust. At that time, however, Downs retired from the background and advocated peace talks. Zhu's anti-gold proposition was not adopted. In November, the imperial court appointed Zhu as a doctor of imperial academy martial arts. Zhu Xiang resigned and asked the shrine to return Chong 'an.
In August of the third year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 167), accompanied by Lin Zezhi and Fan Niande, Zhu visited Zhang _, a representative of Huxiang School in Tanzhou (now Changsha). Dong Guiluan's Draft is finished.
In the fourth year of the Avenue (1 168), a flood occurred in Chong 'an. Zhu Li advised the Hao people to send Tibetan millet to relieve hunger, and borrowed 620 grains from the court to distribute to the people, so that the people would not starve to death.
In Five Years on the Avenue (1 169), Zhu realized the mistake of "neutralizing the old theory", reread the works of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi with the ideas of "respecting" and "cultivating", and created a new theory of "neutralizing" from a new angle. This is an epoch-making and far-reaching event in academic history, which marks the maturity of Zhu's philosophical thought.
In September (1 169), Zhu's mother died, and Zhu built a cold spring pavilion as a grave keeper for her mother, from which she began a six-year cold spring writing period.
In May of the seventh year of the Avenue (1 17 1), in order to fundamentally solve the livelihood problem of the people in the disaster year, a "social warehouse" was established in Five Blessingg. This practice can alleviate the difficulties of the poor, ease social contradictions and reduce the administrative pressure of the court, which has been followed by many places. In November, Zhu returned to Youxi to talk with the magistrate of a county and his friend Shi Zi about studying in the county. Accompanied by Shi Zizhong, he visited the former site of Zhai Wei, where his father Zhu Songren was the residence of Wei Shiyan in Youxi County, and wrote the words "Old Governance of Zhai Wei" on a stone to reveal the list.
In the ninth year of Daodao (1 173), the Record of Rebuilding Youxi Temple was written, and the plaque made by the calligraphy "Mingluntang" was hung in the main hall of Gong Xue, Youxi County. Since then, all the plaques in the world have been hung at this moment.
In the second year of the Song Dynasty (1 175), he visited Zhu from Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, and spent a month and a half in a quiet house in Hanquan, compiling the Record of Recent Thoughts, which was called "the meeting of cold springs" in history. In May, Lv Zuqian was sent to the Goose Lake Temple (now Goose Lake Academy) in Xinzhou, and Lu Jiuling, Lu Jiuyuan and Liu Qingzhi all came to the meeting, which was called "the meeting of Goose Lake" in history. The direct motivation of the E-Lake Conference is to take this opportunity to reconcile the contradiction between Zhu and Lu theories. Academically, Zhu believes that mind and reason are two different concepts, reason is noumenon and mind is the subject of cognition. Erlu advocates that mind and reason are the same thing, and insists on the unity of subject and object. Zhu and Lu brothers debated and lectured for ten days. Although the Goose Lake Conference did not achieve the goal of unifying the thoughts of both sides, it made them have a better understanding of each other's thoughts and differences, and also prompted them to reflect on their own thoughts consciously or unconsciously.
Five years after the reconstruction of Xichun Academy (1 178), Song Xiaozong was appointed as Zhu Xi's Nankang Army, responsible for persuading farmers. In March of the sixth year, Zhu took office. After Zhu took office, he began to build water conservancy projects to fight disasters and save the famine, and begged for tax exemption in the county to enable the victims to live. /kloc-in October, when Zhu Xihang visited Beitang, he found the abandoned site of Bailudong Academy under the guidance of the woodcutter. With Zhu's vigorous advocacy, Bailudong Academy was quickly restored in March of seven years. During the period of Nankang Army, Zhu spared no effort to Bailudong Academy. He used to be a cave owner, asking famous teachers to enrich books and the emperor to give him imperial books. It also set up a school field to help poor students, and personally formulated the study rules, namely the famous Bailudong Academy Code. The canon of Bailudong Academy is one of the earliest educational rules and regulations in the history of world education. It clearly expounds and stipulates the educational purpose, training outline, learning procedure and the principles of self-cultivation and self-management. It not only became the school-running mode of China feudal society for more than 700 years, but also attracted the attention of the world education circle, and became an important topic for educators at home and abroad to study the education system.
In February of the eighth year of Xichun (1 18 1), Lu Jiuyuan came to Nankang to visit Zhu and give lectures at Bailudong Academy. In August, there was a famine in eastern Zhejiang. Due to Zhu's meritorious service in saving the famine in Nankang, the Prime Minister recommended Zhu for disaster relief and promoted the tea and salt business in Changping, East Zhejiang. In order to rescue the victims, Zhu quickly took several effective measures. Zhu was jealous of Tang in Taizhou because he knew that Tang was illegal before playing in eastern Zhejiang. He left home after only nine months in office. Zhu played the role of Tang illegally six times, pointing to the fact that he colluded with Tang. Under pressure, Tang was relieved of his new post in Jiangxi. In the process of impeaching Tang Dynasty, he showed Zhu's lofty integrity and integrity.
He studied diligently for nine years (1 182). When Zhu was 52 years old, he published four books together, namely, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. The names of the four books appeared for the first time in the history of Confucian classics. After that, Zhu was still trying to revise the notes of four books, and the day before his death, Zhu was still revising the chapters of the university. Zhu regarded "Four Books" as the criterion of feudal scholars' self-cultivation, which constituted a complete system of Zhu Neo-Confucianism. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the four-book notes were favored by feudal dynasties for a long time. As the foundation of governing the country and the norm of people's thought and behavior, it became the standard textbook of feudal imperial examination. In the tenth year of Xichun (1 183), Zhu founded Wuyi Jingshe at the foot of Jiuqu River in Wuyishan. He devoted himself to writing books, collecting disciples and gathering people to give lectures. In the twelfth year of Xi Chun, Zhu went to Zhejiang to argue with him about righteousness and benefit and oppose Zhejiang learning.
In the 15th year of Xichun (1 188), it was published in Shi Feng, Wu Shen. Advocate "right", "choosing ministers" and "inspirational platform". In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Zhu was ordered to know the state. Shao Xiyuan (1 190), Zhu, aged 6 1, went to Zhangzhou to take up his post. All Zhu's administrative reforms in Zhangzhou are mainly reflected in officialdom, which is the soul of all his reforms. At that time, the wind of local land annexation prevailed, and bureaucratic landlords annexed farmers' cultivated land by relying on the situation. However, local governments did not distribute tax to landlords, which led to "uneven land tax" and more severe exploitation of landless farmers, which led to intensified class contradictions. To this end, Zhu proposed to "cross the border", that is, to verify land and pay taxes everywhere. This proposal is bound to reduce the burden on farmers, but it harms the interests of big landlords, so it is strongly opposed by the latter, and the "economic boundary" has finally failed to be implemented. In the second year of (1 19 1), Zhu Shu, Zhu's eldest son, died. After hearing the bad news, Zhu had to treat his son's funeral. In May, the capital was moved to Jianyang. The following year, Cheng Fu decided to build the "Bamboo Forest Fine House", which was later renamed as "Cangzhou Fine House", namely "Kaoting Academy" awarded in the fourth year of Chun (1244).
In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), the Bolaiya uprising of Yao people in Hunan shook the ruling and opposition parties, and the local situation in Hunan suddenly became tense. Zhu was ordered in a critical situation, except for knowing Tanzhou and Jinghu South Road to appease him, and giving him a purple chapter suit. Zhu has the pride of Taoism and a strong mentality of worrying about the country and the people. He dare not refuse his life and gladly go to his post. In May, I went to Tanzhou. At this time, the Yao people have retreated to the mountains and are trapped in caves. Zhu adopted the policy of appeasement and sent envoys to surrender Pu Laiyan, the leader of the Yao People's Uprising Army. Because the suppression of the Yao uprising was a coordinated action of the two lakes, Zhu's appeal was opposed by Hubei Lin. After Priya was escorted, Wang Lin advocated slashing the police. After Zhu entered Beijing, he had a direct dialogue with Yao people, demanding that they "never lose their great faith". After Zhu was in power, he promoted learning and education, supervised official management and strengthened folk customs. Zhu rebuilt and expanded Yuelu Academy located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan Province, and personally gave lectures here in his spare time, making Yuelu Academy one of the four major academies in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In five years (1 194), in August, Zhu was appointed as a lecturer except Huan. In September, Zhu played in the palace. The first Zagreb wants Song Ningzong to be sincere, the second Zagreb wants Song Ningzong to study classics and be poor, and the third, fourth and fifth Zagreb talks about Tanzhou's aftermath. 10 14, Zhu gave a lecture on "University" in an imperial edict, repeatedly emphasizing the eight goals of "respecting things, knowing and doing, being sincere, being honest, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world", hoping to limit the abuse of monarchical power by rectifying monarchical morality and cause dissatisfaction with the ruling and opposition parties. Therefore, after only 46 days in North Korea, Zhu was allowed to leave the waiting system and serve as a lecturer.
In the fifth year of Jianyang (1 194), Zhu Ju built the Yangkao Pavilion.
In the second year of Song Qingyuan (1 196), the "party ban" officially occurred. Shen Jizu, the suggestion, played Zhu's Ten Deadly Sins by catching the wind and catching shadows, replacing trees with flowers and upside down fabrication. The court dignitaries set off a brutal liquidation movement of Neo-Confucianism, which was rare in history, followed the old trick of Yuan _ Party membership in the Northern Song Dynasty, and made a list of 59 pseudo-rebels against party member, all of whom were punished to varying degrees. Zhu was denounced as a "pseudo-academic leader" and ranked fifth in the blacklist. Some people even suggested that "Zhu should be beheaded to show absolute falsehood." Zhu was dismissed for the crime of false learning, and Zhu's disciples were exiled and imprisoned, which was a heavy blow.
In the fifth year of Qingyuan (1 199), Zhu has been plagued by various diseases. Zhu, who was banned by the party, finally had a premonition of dying, which made him have an ominous premonition that his time was coming, and he paid more attention to writing.
After the spring of the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhu suffered from foot disease and his condition deteriorated. Zhu is dying, his left eye is blind, and his right eye is almost completely blind. Zhu, however, stepped up his efforts to sort out the fragments with more vigorous energy. His only wish was to complete all his works in his lifetime so that orthodoxy could succeed him. On the ninth day of March, Zhu, 7 1 year-old, died in a pool of blood in the "Qingyuan Party Ban" movement. The Taoist believers of Sifang decided to gather in Xinzhou in 1 1 month and hold a large-scale funeral, which frightened the anti-Taoist authorities and bound the ministers. In November, Zhu was buried in Dalin Valley, Huangkeng, Jianyang County, and nearly a thousand people still attended the funeral.
After Zhu's death, posthumous title "Wen Gong" presented Bao Moge with a bachelor's degree and conferred the title of Lord protector.
Fourth, the memorial hall
Zhu Memorial Hall is located in Wengongshan Scenic Area Cultural Park, Wuyuan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, covering an area of 300 square meters.
The solemn and rigorous Wuyishan Zhu Memorial Hall is a temple-style building complex built in 1990. Newly written plaques and couplets are hung in the museum, many of which are concise, meaningful and shining.
There is a big plaque hanging on the antique door, which reads "Zhu Memorial Hall" in five striking big letters. Mo Bao, left by Comrade Fang Yi when he visited Wuyishan, is solemn and vigorous, and has the demeanor of a calligrapher.
The cursive couplets on both sides of the temple gate express the far-reaching significance of Zhu's inheritance and development. The couplet says, "Take the source of Ero, open the Zou Lu of the Fujian Sea", which shows that Zhu's Neo-Confucianism has become an important stage in the history of the development of China's philosophy. This pair of couplets hanging at the gate is dignified, elegant and eye-catching.
There is a couplet in front of the main hall, which is "broad and subtle, extremely bright and moderate", expressing Zhu Boda's profound philosophical system and Confucian life behavior norms.
On the horizontal plaque in front of the main hall, the words "learn and be natural" are written in bold and strong fonts. This monument was originally inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty in A.D. 1787. Its general meaning is that "learning" is the object, "reaching" is knowledge, "nature" is Tao, "heaven" is virtue, "learning from others" is the core of Zhu's epistemology, and morality is regarded as the embodiment of heaven. That is to say, through moral cultivation, we should pursue the realm of "sincerity" to feel the world and achieve "harmony between man and nature"