Book of Rites Classical Chinese Common Sense 1. Literary common sense, flexible use of parts of speech, polysemy and special sentence patterns in the classical Chinese Book of Rites.
Briefly talk about the knowledge points of classical Chinese in this article.
1. Omit the preposition "one" before "teach first". "To. . Because. . "usually translated as" put ". . As. 。" ;
2. "So that's it!" This is a fixed sentence pattern. . The application form of "Ye" is usually translated as: "What you said is. . Ah. " "Qi" means speculation, which translates into "probably".
3. The word "reverse" in "knowing enough but being able to reverse yourself" is a common word, and the word "return" is a common word.
4. The word "Yong" in "Therefore Yong" is an adjective conative usage, which is interpreted as "thinking". . Mediocre. "
In the phrase "knocking at the door quietly", the inverted sentence is "knocking at the door quietly", and the prepositional structure is put behind. The correct word order is "knock quietly", which translates to "knock (the bell) with small force".
The above is my simple understanding. If there are any shortcomings, please inform other netizens.
2. Literary common sense in The Book of Rites
The Book of Rites is a compilation of Dai Sheng's works on Han etiquette before Qin and Han Dynasties, with 49 articles in total.
It is one of the thirteen classics. It is the social change after the Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty, including the inheritance and change of social system, etiquette system and people's concept.
The ideas it expounded include society, politics, ethics, philosophy, religion and so on. Among them, "University", "Doctrine of the Mean" and "Li Yun" contain rich philosophical thoughts of the Han Dynasty. The Book of Rites is mostly prose, and some chapters are of literary value.
Some use short and vivid stories to illustrate a certain truth, some are magnificent and precise in structure, some are concise, some are good at psychological description and characterization, and there are a lot of philosophical aphorisms in the book, which are incisive and profound. Such as: 1, reciprocity, going but not coming, indecent assault, coming but not going, indecent assault, 2, the trip to the avenue, the world is public, 3, it can't last long, can't follow, can't be complacent and can't be happy.
3. Xue Ji and Li Ji's literary knowledge
Xue Ji systematically and comprehensively summarizes the educational experience of the pre-Qin and Han nationalities.
It is the earliest monograph on education and teaching in ancient China and even in the world. It is one of the ancient Han laws and regulations monographs "The Book of Rites of Dai Xiao" written at the end of the Warring States Period.
Legend has it that it was compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the author is Ke, a student of Mencius.
Xue Ji is concise and vivid, which systematically and comprehensively expounds the purpose and function of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and function of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students and classmates in the process of education. The Book of Rites is an important work to study the social situation, laws and regulations and Confucianism in ancient China.
The ideas it expounds include society, politics, ethics, philosophy, religion and other aspects, among which "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Li Yun" contain rich philosophical thoughts. The Book of Rites compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty is a book about etiquette before the Qin and Han Dynasties, with a total of 49 articles.
One of the thirteen classics. It is a social change after the Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty, including the inheritance and change of social system, etiquette system and people's ideas. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism.
Forty-nine articles are divided into system, general theory, yin and yang of scenic spots, mourning, the method of prince, sacrifice, music notes, auspicious events and so on. Its ideas include social, political, ethical, philosophical and religious aspects, among which "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Li Yun" contain rich philosophical thoughts. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a famous scholar, made an excellent interpretation of Dai Xiao's Book of Rites. Later, this book became popular and gradually became a classic by explaining the scriptures. "In the Tang Dynasty, there were The Book of Rites, The Book of Rites and The Book of Rites. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Zuo Zhuan, Ram and Hub Liang, plus The Analects of Confucius, Erya and Xiaojing, which were the Twelve Classics. In the Song and Ming Dynasties, Mencius was added, so it was finalized as Thirteen Classics, which is a must-read book for scholars.
4. The Book of Rites in classical Chinese
Original text:
The trip to the avenue is also for the public, choosing talents and talents, and making friends. Old friends are not only relatives, but also only children, so that the old will have a home, the young will be useful, and the young will have a support point. Those who are pitied, widowed, orphaned, orphaned and disabled will be provided with support, with six males and seven females. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself. If you hate it, you don't have to do it for yourself. Therefore, thieves who seek closure and steal without doing it are not prosperous. Therefore, outsiders should not approach, which is called Datong ⑿.
(1) from the book of rites liu yun. The Book of Rites, one of the Confucian classics, is a compilation of various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 49 articles. Li Yun is a book written by Confucian scholars at the end of the Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its title is The Book of Rites. Avenue, in ancient times, refers to the highest political ideal.
(2)[ selecting talents and (j incarnation) being able to] put people with high moral character and capable candidates * * *. Take it and pass it through the elevator.
(3) Advocating Faith and Restoring Friendship (mù) stresses honesty and fosters harmony (atmosphere).
(4) Take [pro] as a verb and ... as a professional player. The first "zi" after "zi" is also a verb.
(5) 【 pity (guān), widowed, lonely, alone, disabled 】 pity, widowed old man. Unfortunately, pass the gun. A lonely old man without a husband. A lonely young man without a father. A lonely old man without children. Disabled, disabled.
⑥ 【 Men have points (fè n) 】 Men have positions. Teacher, position, refers to occupation.
All landowners [women have a home] means that women have a home. Regression refers to a woman's marriage.
People hate throwing things on the ground, but they don't have to hide themselves. Evil, disgust.
(9) shows that people are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own self-interest.
Attending 【 seek closure instead of prosperity 】 sinister plan will not happen.
⑾ Theft, rebellion and injury will not happen. Chaos means rebellion. Thief refers to harm. Work, get up.
⑿ [outdoor] refers to the gate.
[13][ Close] Close the gate.
[14] Datong refers to an ideal society. Use, use and, flat meaning.
In ancient times, social norms were followed, and the world was owned by the people. People choose talented people (work for everyone), and everyone emphasizes honesty and advocates harmony. Therefore, people not only take care of their parents, but also raise their children, so that the elderly can serve the society all their lives, so that the young children can grow up smoothly, so that the elderly without wives and husbands can. I hate refusing to do my best in the same job and always don't work for personal gain. In this way, no one will collude. No one will steal property and make trouble, so there is no need to close the door. This is called an ideal society.
I'm happy to answer your question. I wish you progress in your study!
If my answer is helpful to you, please choose it as a satisfactory answer in time, thank you ~ ~
5. The Book of Rites in classical Chinese
Original: The trip to the main road is also fair in the world. Choose talents and talents, and teach faith.
Old friends are not only relatives, but also only children, so that the old will have a home, the young will be useful, and the young will have a support point. Those who are pitied, widowed, orphaned, orphaned and disabled will be provided with support, with six males and seven females. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself. If you hate it, you don't have to do it for yourself.
Therefore, it is not successful to seek harmony, and thieves do not make mistakes. Therefore, outsiders should not approach, which is called Datong ⑿. (1) from the book of rites liu yun.
The Book of Rites, one of the Confucian classics, is a compilation of various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 49 articles. Li Yun is a book written by Confucian scholars at the end of the Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its title is The Book of Rites.
Avenue, in ancient times, refers to the highest political ideal. (2)[ selecting talents and (j incarnation) being able to] put people with high moral character and capable candidates * * *.
Take it and pass it through the elevator. (3) Advocating Faith and Restoring Friendship (mù) stresses honesty and fosters harmony (atmosphere).
(4) [pro] as a verb, take ... as a professional player. The first "zi" after "zi" is also a verb.
(5) 【 pity (guān), widowed, lonely, alone, disabled 】 pity, widowed old man. Unfortunately, pass the gun.
A lonely old man without a husband. A lonely young man without a father.
A lonely old man without children. Disabled, disabled.
⑥ 【 Men have points (fè n) 】 Men have positions. Teacher, position, refers to occupation.
All landowners [women have a home] means that women have a home. Regression refers to a woman's marriage.
People hate throwing things on the ground, but they don't have to hide themselves. Evil, disgust.
(9) shows that people are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own self-interest. Attending 【 seek closure instead of prosperity 】 sinister plan will not happen.
⑾ Theft, rebellion and injury will not happen. Chaos means rebellion.
Thief refers to harm. Work, get up.
⑿ [outdoor] refers to the gate. [13][ Close] Close the gate.
[14] Datong refers to an ideal society. Use, use and, flat meaning.
In ancient times, social norms were followed, and the world was owned by the people. People choose talented people (work for everyone), and everyone emphasizes honesty and advocates harmony. Therefore, people not only take care of their parents, but also raise their children, so that the elderly can serve the society all their lives, so that the young children can grow up smoothly, so that the elderly without wives and husbands can. I hate refusing to do my best in the same job and always don't work for personal gain. In this way, no one will collude. No one will steal property and make trouble, so there is no need to close the door. This is called an ideal society. I'm happy to answer your question. I wish you progress in your study! If my answer is helpful to you, please choose it as a satisfactory answer in time, thank you ~ ~.
6. Classical Chinese of Xue Qi and Li Ji
Original: worrying about the constitution and seeking goodness is enough to smell, but not enough to move the public. It is wise and far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it!
(Rulers) can gain a small reputation by issuing laws and soliciting people with good moral character (helping themselves), but they can't arouse the hearing of the masses; If they get close to the wise and those who are alienated from themselves, they can arouse the hearing of the masses, but they can't play a role in educating the people. If a gentleman wants to educate the people and form good customs, he must re-establish schools and re-teach!
Original: jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. "Duiming" said: "Reading begins with learning". That's what it means!
Although it is a fine jade, it can't be a useful vessel if it is not polished; Although man is known as the spirit of all things, if he refuses to learn, he will not understand the truth of being a man. Therefore, the ancient emperors, building the country and managing the people all regarded education as the most priority and important work. "Shangshu to Famous Articles" said: I always want to learn from beginning to end. That's what it means.
Original: Although there are delicacies, Fu did not know their use; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. You can introspect if you don't know enough, and you can be self-reliant if you are sleepy. So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" says: "Learning is half done". What is this?
Although there are good dishes there, you don't know their delicacy until you eat them. Although there is the best truth (the best righteousness), you can't know its beauty and value without learning. Therefore, after learning, I know that my knowledge is not enough, and after teaching, I find that my knowledge is out of reach. If you don't know enough, you can reflect and study hard. Knowing that there are difficulties, you can only encourage yourself and work hard. So teaching and learning complement each other. Shangshu said: Teaching others can receive half the learning effect, and teaching and teaching can promote each other. That's what it means.
7. What are the contents of The Book of Rites?
There are forty-nine articles in the Book of Rites today.
"Justice" quoted "Six Arts Theory": Yue: "Great Virtue spread to eighty-five, so" Great Dai Li "is also; There are forty-nine biographies of Dai Sheng, and this Book of Rites is also. " "Classic interpretation.
Xu Lu quoted Liu Xiang from Bielu; : "There are 240 pieces of ancient prose." And Shao Chen's "Zhou Li Theory"? Preface: "Dade deleted 240 ancient gifts for 85, which Lu Zhi called" Dade ". After studying the similarities and differences of various schools, he attached a sacred chapter to them, unloaded its burden, omitted it, and acted in the world, that is, the Book of Rites is also true today.
Sui Zhi says: "Dai Sheng deleted Dai Dai as forty-six, and Ma Rong wrote Yue Ling"; (Mingtang) Forty-nine Music Records. " Click Han Zhi: Li Jia's Memories 13 1 article.
Note to the class: "It was written by scholars after the 1970s." (According to its old records, this book is incomplete.) See above.
This is today's study. Twenty-two, all 270.
For example, there are three articles in Sui Zhi, namely, Yue Ling, Tang Hao and Yue Lu, which is exactly 240 after Ma Rong and Lu Zhi. (In addition, the owner's letter: The Back Warehouse of Qutai was written by Han Shi.
The Doctrine of the Mean and Tang Ming's Theory of Yin and Yang both say that The Book of Zhou Guan and the Biography of Zhou Guan are separate volumes, which have nothing to do with ceremony. Sima Fa of Military Salute was introduced by Ban.
The debate on Zen, the worship of Zen groups in the Han Dynasty and the discussion on play are all things of the Han Dynasty. So we can only add "Gu Chan worship" together.
However, among these 204 articles, some 13 1 are actually modern studies, and it is impossible to record ancient prose. However, Yue Ji Yi leads to Liu Xiang's Bielu. , which means forty-nine articles in the Book of Rites. Qiao Xuanzhuan:' Zuren, the seventh generation, wrote forty-nine articles in the Book of Rites'
Benevolence is the so-called "little Dai" awarded to Liang Renqiao in the Scholars. "Biography of Cao Bao": "The father filled and ruled (the gift of Qing).
Praise the forty-nine articles in the Book of Rites. The study of Qing Dynasty is carried out worldwide.
"Then, QuLi, Tan Gong >; , "Miscellaneous Notes", totally divided into 46 articles. Forty-six plus eighty-five is one hundred and thirty.
However, it doesn't matter if you delete the 131 articles, which have been handed down from generation to generation by doctors. 204 and do it. Or today's {Dai Dai Ji >, "Mourning the Public" and "Throwing the Pot" are all the same; ; If you read these two articles, the number of articles is less than 85. Is it safe to say that the small one has been deleted and the big one has been deleted? I don't know if today's Da Dai Ji can be taught, but my predecessors don't believe it.
It is often said in the Book of Changes that although it is an ancient book, it must not be a masterpiece. But there is no doubt that several articles are from old biographies.
8. Classical Chinese of Xue Qi and Li Ji
Original: worrying about the constitution and seeking goodness is enough to smell, but not enough to move the public.
It is wise and far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it! (Rulers) can gain a small reputation by issuing laws and soliciting people with good moral character (helping themselves), but they can't arouse the hearing of the masses; If they get close to the wise and those who are alienated from themselves, they can arouse the hearing of the masses, but they can't play a role in educating the people.
If a gentleman wants to educate the people and form good customs, he must re-establish schools and re-teach! Original: jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first.
"Duiming" said: "Reading begins with learning". That's what it means! Although it is a fine jade, it can't be a useful vessel if it is not polished; Although man is known as the spirit of all things, if he refuses to learn, he will not understand the truth of being a man.
Therefore, the ancient emperors, building the country and managing the people all regarded education as the most priority and important work. "Shangshu to Famous Articles" said: I always want to learn from beginning to end.
That's what it means. Original: Although there are delicacies, Fu did not know their use; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness.
It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. You can introspect if you don't know enough, and you can be self-reliant if you are sleepy.
So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" says: "Learning is half done". What is this? Although there are good dishes there, you don't know their delicacy until you eat them. Although there is the best truth (the best righteousness), you can't know its beauty and value without learning.
Therefore, after learning, I know that my knowledge is not enough, and after teaching, I find that my knowledge is out of reach. If you don't know enough, you can reflect and study hard.
Knowing that there are difficulties, you can only encourage yourself and work hard. So teaching and learning complement each other.
Shangshu said: Teaching others can receive half the learning effect, and teaching and teaching can promote each other. That's what it means.
9. Common sense of China's ancient prose
1. Famous teas of the Chinese zodiac: Rat, Ugly Cow, Yinhu, Maotu, Chen Long, Sishe, Wuma, Weiyang, Monkey, Youyou Chicken, Dog and Sea Pig: West Lake Longjing (West Lake District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Biluochun (Biluofeng, Dongting Mountain, Taihu Lake, Wuxian, Jiangsu) and Xinyang Maojian. Qimen Black Tea (Qimen County, Anhui Province), Duyun Maojian Tea (Duyun County, Guizhou Province), Tieguanyin Tea (Anxi County, Fujian Province) and Wuyi Rock Tea (Chong 'an County, Fujian Province) 3. Four famous embroideries: Suzhou Embroidery, Hunan Embroidery, Sichuan Embroidery and Guangdong Embroidery. Sandalwood fans (Jiangsu) and 4. Chrysanthemum (Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and Camellia (Kunming, Yunnan) 6. Four great inventions: papermaking (Cai Lun, Eastern Han Dynasty), gunpowder (ancient alchemist, Tang Dynasty), printing (Bi Sheng, Northern Song Dynasty), compass (inventor unknown) 7. The main ancient festival, January Festival, began a year later.
People's day: the seventh day of the first month, master. Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first month, people will put on lanterns to perform, which is also called the Lantern Festival.
Cold food: two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, three days after the fire ban (Wu Zixu) Tomb-Sweeping Day: In early April, grave-sweeping ceremony was held. Dragon Boat Festival: On the fifth day of May, we eat zongzi and row dragon boats (Qu Yuan). Tanabata: On the seventh day of July, women seek cleverness (Cowherd and Weaver Girl). On July 15th, they offered sacrifices to ghosts and gods. Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Ghost Festival". August 15th, enjoy the moon, homesick for Chongyang. On the ninth day of September, they climbed the mountain and inserted dogwood to avoid disaster. It is also called "Solstice".
Lunar New Year: the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, drinking Laba porridge on New Year's Eve: the evening of the last day of the year, 8. The Analects of Confucius, The Doctrine of the Mean, University, Mencius 9. Five Classics, Book of Songs, Book of Rites, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period 10. Eight-part essay breaks the topic, undertakes the topic, begins to talk, starts, and shares. Zhong Zi Zhong Shuo 12. The six Chinese characters are pictogram, indication, metaphor, comprehension, annotation and 13. The nine strokes of calligraphy are putting pen to paper, turning pen, hiding peak, hiding head, protecting tail, grasping pen, astringent, and horizontal ruler 14. Seven bamboo groves, Jiao Sui 16. Rong Shu Chenggong Eight Immortals, Li Er, Dong Chushu, Zhang Daoling, Yan Junping, Li Babai, Fan Changsheng and Mr. Jules 17. Yangzhou Baguai, Wang, Shan Li, Huang Shen, Jin Nong, Gao Xiang, Li, 18. Four masters in the northern song dynasty. Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong 20. I ching, Book of Changes, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Rites, Biography of Ram, Biography of Liang Dynasty, Zuo Zhuan, Filial Piety, Analects of Confucius, Erya and Yi Li. Juyan bamboo slips and Dunhuang manuscripts 23. Four Great Dramas in Yuan Dynasty: Dou Eyuan by Guan Hanqing, Romance of the West Chamber by Wang Shifu, Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu and Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng. Four condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty: Li's The Appearance of Officialdom, Wu Woyao's Twenty Years' Habit, and Liu E's Travel Notes of Lao Can. Silver, coloured glaze, coral, dragonfly, pearl and agate. Jiugong Gong Zheng, Lv Zhong Palace, Lu Nan Palace, Lv Xian Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Dadiandiao, Shuangdiao, Upgraded and Yuediao 29. Seven major artistic paintings, music, sculpture, drama, literature, architecture and movies. Xun Huisheng 32. Six gifts of crown, marriage, funeral, sacrifice, drinking in the country and meeting each other. Six arts, etiquette, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy, counting thirty-four. Wind, Fu, Bi, Xing, Ya, Song Liuyi 35. Yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, white flag. Military strategist, sage and farmer. Sanshan Anhui Huangshan, Jiangxi Lushan, Zhejiang Yandang Mountain 39. Wuling Yuechengling, Dupangling, Mengzhuling, Qitianling and Dayuling 40. Wuyue (Zhongyue) Songshan in Henan, (Dongyue) Taishan in Shandong, (Xiyue) Huashan in Shaanxi, (Nanyue) Hengshan in Hunan, (. Chaohu Lake (Anhui) 42. Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. The four famous bridges are Guangji Bridge, Zhao Zhouqiao Bridge, Luoyang Bridge and Lugou Bridge. Four famous gardens: Summer Palace (Beijing), Summer Resort (Chengde, Hebei), Humble Administrator's Garden (Suzhou, Jiangsu) and Liuyuan (Suzhou, Jiangsu) 45. Lingyan Temple (Chang Yan) and qixia temple (Nanjing, Jiangsu) 46. Four famous pavilions Yueyang Tower (Yueyang, Hunan), Yellow Crane Tower (Wuhan, Hubei), Wang Tengting Pavilion (Nanchang, Jiangxi) and Daguanlou (Kunming, Yunnan) 47. The four famous pavilions are Zuiweng Pavilion (Chuxian County, Anhui Province), Taoranting Pavilion (Beijing Xiannongtan), Aiwan Pavilion (Changsha, Hunan Province), Hu Xinting (West Lake, Hangzhou) and Zhuxian Town (Henan) 49. Four famous forest of steles Xi An Forest (Xi, Shaanxi), Confucius Temple Forest (Qufu, Shandong), Earthquake Forest (Xichang, Sichuan) and Nanmen Forest (Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province) 50. Four famous pagodas: Song Yue Temple Pagoda (Dengfeng, Henan).