Basic characteristics of writing brush
Pen holder: cylinder → can be held high and low and rotated at will.
Brush hair: animal hair, conical → rigid and flexible, flexible and elastic, with a pen tip that can be opened and closed, gathered and scattered, sensitive, able to write stippling and lines of different shapes and qualities, and accurately convey the activities of the heart and hands. Universal writing function: eight sides, free to rise and fall, making it smart → handwriting: rich and changeable, calm and flying, with just astringency and cadence.
Writing with brush
When writing, the pen should be written in the middle, with large characters on the upper side, small characters on the lower side and 3-5 cm characters in the middle.
Correct writing should follow the following principles:
1? Only when the pen is vertical can it be straight;
2? Empty fingers, empty palms, empty pens;
3? Wrist and elbow crane;
4? Don't write too tightly.
There are many ways to write, and now the five-finger writing method is mostly used.
Simply put, the thumb presses the inside of the pen tube, and the index finger presses the outside of the pen tube, opposite to the thumb; The middle finger is hooked on the left side of the pen tube; The ring finger faces the right side of the pen tube and is opposite to the middle finger up and down; The little finger is under the ring finger, which helps the ring finger to exert its strength.
Carrying and using pens
1. In calligraphy, writing with a pen and using a pen are two concepts; ?
2. Writing refers to the coordinated efforts of fingers, wrists and arms, in which proper breathing is very important, otherwise writing is not good; Breathe as smoothly as possible and feel comfortable and relaxed. The way you write is closely related to your posture. Because of different postures, you should make appropriate adjustments to your fingers, wrists, arms and body when writing. When writing while sitting and standing, the coordination of wrists, arms and fingers is different. Generally speaking, the degree of physical coordination in standing writing is the best, which is suitable for writing larger words. Especially when writing cursive scripts over two inches square. In lowercase, you must sit down and write. The size of the words is different, and the writing is different; In short: the main points of writing are: breathing smoothly and easily; The strokes should be smooth, and the finger strength, wrist strength, arm strength, shoulders and elbows should be coordinated. Writing is a whole-body activity, and we can't just emphasize one aspect. Art is a comprehensive skill, emphasizing relaxation and coordination. Calligraphy is the essence of traditional culture in China, and it is an art with philosophical charm-the golden mean and the golden mean. ?
3. Using a pen means: broadly speaking, it includes writing and carrying a pen. In a narrow sense, it refers to writing. Usually, the so-called pen mainly refers to the pen, because the pen will eventually be implemented in a row of writing and in specific writing actions. Pen transport: the control and application of the pen tip by the wrist in the writing process. The premise of writing is to write correctly. The so-called measurement of a few minutes with a pen by the ancients is related to the strength and amplitude of lifting, and also belongs to the content of using a pen.
Pen is expensive: the core of brushwork is gesture. To learn books, the first task is to gain momentum with a pen. The brushwork is not enough, and the structural composition is considerable, but it is just a show. Not good at using the author as a pen. Make good use of the pen (winning in momentum, winning in using the pen): master the characteristics of using the pen, guide the situation, write carefully and command freely. Good brushwork. Mi Fei's Views on "Holding a Pen" and "Not Writing".
Pen and wrist: When writing, the fingers holding the pen basically do not move, but move the wrist. "refers to the dead wrist." Writing with a pen mainly depends on the strength of the wrist. It is forbidden to write with a pen with your fingers. Refers to the main grip, wrist main luck. Refers to dead wrist skill. The big character lifts the wrist, and the small character refers to it. Hanging the wrist and lifting the pen, the swing is large and the momentum is effective. When writing, you should be able to ensure that your fingers and wrists are flexible and your whole body is full of strength. Fingers and wrists should not be stiff. No pillow wrist is allowed.
Eight methods of eternal words: I mainly talk about pen gestures, so as to write vivid and powerful stippling.
4 using a pen and carrying a pen are not the same concept. Writing with a pen has nothing to do with the size of the words. Writing with a pen refers to the writer's use of strokes. For example: center pen, before hiding, before exposure, before part, before side, etc. Refers to the direction of the pen tip between the point and the painting.
Yongfeng
1. Importance of using the front: The key to using the pen is to use the front and adjust the front (the adjustment of the pen front). Brush strokes are the key to convey qi and force, shape and body. Skill is based on the positive application, which is related to the shape and texture (effect) of stippling. In fact, calligraphy is to effectively control the operation of the nib under the premise of conforming to the characteristics of the nib.
Skills and effects of using the front: front/middle, side, push, frustration, front, back, hide, turn, pull, disperse, gather, grab, shrink, squat, twist and figure-eight front.
3. the scale of the front: it comes from the pressure of the pen, that is, the strength and amplitude of the pen pressing, which is related to the thickness and style of the strokes.
4. Tip adjustment/pen center change: The key point is to adjust the reverse direction of the pen tip by turning the wrist (finger can be attached when the amplitude is small) to make it opposite to the forward direction of the brush.
Writing skills
1. Start and end: There is a difference between start and end, end and return. The general rule of starting a pen: draw straight down horizontally, and draw straight down horizontally. The general principle of pen collection is: "No drooping, no shrinking, no pen collection". The whole stroke (including volley) is generally S-shaped or serpentine, not a simple straight line. S-shape is only a general description of the trajectory of the pen, so you only need to remember the rules of the pen when practicing, and you don't have to think about S-shape; Moreover, as far as the works of the ancients are concerned, the S-shape is various, which shows that the rules of writing brush are embodied in practical application and have various forms of change. Beginners should try to obey the rules and pay attention to all kinds of changes.
When posting, we should pay special attention to one point: observe the shape of the starting point on the original (the engraving mostly hides the truth of using the pen), imagine and try to grasp the three continuous links before, during and after the pen tip falls off the paper. Before the paper falls, it is generally necessary to take the momentum in the air and put pen to paper in front. In addition, Fiona Fang, Zang Lu, etc. See below.
The way to collect the pen is either to pop up with the trend (out front, exposed front) or to stay for reverse recovery (back front, hidden front). The opening and closing movements should be crisp and neat, and pay attention to the echo with the front and back movements or strokes. In essence, the hook or line attached to the line and the beginning and end of cursive strokes is the result of quick strokes and echo before and after, rather than additional decoration. Take care, don't procrastinate and don't reply too much, so as not to usurp the host's role.
2. Hidden dew: After the pen starts to face the front, the nib is hidden when turning the pen, or hidden in the painting when closing the pen, which becomes a hidden front. Where the brush strokes are not hidden, they are exposed. Hide the front to cover its qi, and expose the front to longitudinal its qi. The Tibetan front should not be slow and vague, and the exposed front should be strong (hair) to avoid the belt and virtual tip. If the force of entering the paper is too heavy when the pen is turned to the front, or the pen is hesitant when the pen is turned to the front, the hidden front is easy to lag and blur; When you start writing, you are not decisive, or when you close your pen, it is easy to have a virtual tip. When you close the pen, you should pop it out or send it out, and you will try your best to draw the ending. The pen tip may still be exposed, but it does not necessarily lead to hidden front, which is very common in cursive writing. Too many Tibetan fronts will lack spirit, while too many exposed fronts will lose lightness. Among all kinds of calligraphy styles, there are many lines and grass dew, so it is advisable to combine them.
3. Fiona Fang: The strokes of squares and circles are mainly at the starting point, the ending point and the corner. Fang Bi uses folding, and the round pen uses turning, so there is a saying that the square is folded and turned. Reference: The "turning point" below. The pen used for seal script is mainly round, and the official script is multifaceted. In all forms except seal script, the big characters are round and the small characters are diverse. A round pen hides the front, while Fang Bi exposes the front more. The round pen is full of tendons, and Fang Bi is bony. The round pen originated from seal script and Fang Bi from official script. A round pen sticks out, but Fang Bi struggles inside.
4. Middle side: The center (positive front) means that the main front keeps running in the middle of stippling during writing, although it is not necessarily absolutely centered, it is not too biased to the stippling side. Central strokes can make stippling vigorous, round and full, which is based on correct and skilled writing and wrist movements, especially avoiding oblique writing or finger strokes. When using the center, pay attention to straighten the front when lifting and pressing alternately and turning the pen tip, so as not to make the pen tip sideways, kink or paralyze. In the process of drawing the center, the opposite direction of the pen tip is always opposite to the direction of the brush. The front of the side is the side where the front tip is biased (not completely backward) to stipple (horizontally upward, horizontally leftward), but it is not allowed to be dragged as the front of the side. Calligraphy focuses on the center, and is used in the middle and sides. In cursive script and cursive script, the side attack is mostly due to the side pipe taking advantage of the situation, or the pen is too fast to adjust the front, aiming at taking advantage of the situation to create risks, but it is too monotonous in pure use. The winger used it properly, not for the sake of a sick pen. In a continuous turn, it is easier to see the signs of alternation on the middle side, while the strokes on the continuous side are flat and weak. The use of wingers should be decisive and calm, and avoid hesitation or impatience, otherwise the lines will collapse and the words will float.
5. Pressure lifting: refers to the movement of the brush in the vertical direction during operation. According to the severity, the range of pressing should generally not exceed the elastic limit of the brush. Pen lifting refers to the retraction at the end of a stroke or the advance of the pen after being pressed in a stroke. When writing a fine pen, you should still touch the pen, otherwise it will be easy to be vain; Write, pick up, or take out the tie and hook, just pick it up without pressing it. After pressing, it should be mentioned that the transition and change between lifting and pressing should be natural and coherent to avoid abrupt and disjointed. The running process of the brush is a gradual process of boosting pressure. Lines and cursive scripts are rich and varied, and the gradual change process is particularly rapid. In the process of pressing or lifting, the brush is still running, and it can't stop or shake and lift. It is easy to see the gradual change and contrast of lifting pressure from the change and turning point of stroke thickness. The gradual increase of pressure is one of the important factors to form a sense of rhythm.
6. Turning point: refers to the round turning and square folding of the pen tip in operation, which is used to point out the turning point in the middle or the turning point at the beginning and end. When writing, turn to the front and start writing. When you put pen to paper, you will turn immediately. Turn around and start writing, and then move on. Turn to the front to collect the pen after writing, and turn to the front to collect the painting without stopping; When writing to painting, the strokes are coherent and can't stop (it's not too late to stay). Generally, you will lift the car slightly at the corner to adjust the front of the car. When writing, fold the front and start writing (that is, Fang Bi starts writing). After the brush obliquely cuts into the paper, it will turn over and adjust the front after a short pause, and then start writing; When writing an origami painting, you usually pause for a while (stay strong), then turn over and adjust the front to make the pen change direction and move on. The origami is mostly square. There are many lines, grass bends and folds. In the process of turning, it is necessary to adjust the front of the car in time and run continuously when turning. The sudden change in the process of lifting pressure and turning is an important manifestation of rhythmic beauty.
7. Traction: refers to the vertical and horizontal traction during pen transportation. Traction drives the pen tip to move in all directions on the plane, and it is used in coordination with lifting and rotation to ensure the smooth fluctuation of the pen tip and the combination of motion and static, so as to control the quietness and escape and make the pen tip smooth. The important thing is to raise the pen with emotion and take the ink with fine pen. Ensure that the stippling spacing is appropriate, the fluctuation is coordinated, the tightness is moderate, and the straightness is harmonious. It is forbidden to relax the pen gesture, not to pull it, or to lie flat with the pen tip, drag it horizontally and wipe it vertically. To practice painting, we should grasp the gestures and rhythm from a macro perspective, so as to put the intention first.
8. Xu Ji: refers to the writing speed and coordination in the later period. If you have to press, turn and escape, you will naturally be in trouble. Only when the speed is right, the speed and speed are combined, the ups and downs are good, the escapement is right, and the rhythm comes out. Line and grass have a strong sense of rhythm. Because people vary from time to time, it is important to be late without losing your breath, and to be quick without losing your feelings.
9. Pitch: strokes pointing down and up (trend). The horizontal stroke is the most prominent. If you write a horizontal painting, the whole stroke is generally arc-shaped, either explicit or implicit. The back of the arc is downward, and the stroke tends to escape, which is called "back"; On the contrary, it is "prone". If the horizontal painting is relatively straight (common in turning), it is mostly upward visually. There is a pitch within a stroke (ups and downs, ups and downs); Word for word, there is also a pitch between the pens. With intonation, there is change, contrast and echo, so artistry is highlighted.
10. Back-to-back: Throwing and back-to-back include tying the ends of the body with a pen. Pitch mainly refers to the situation relationship between several horizontal strokes, while back mainly refers to the situation relationship between several vertical strokes. The strokes are spaced and backward, which can strengthen the mutual care and change between stippling. Pitch and backward refer to the dynamic potential inside the stroke, not the surface shape of the stroke. There must be tangible, and tangible is not necessarily powerful. You can't really use the author unless you use a pen.
Sun's Book Score discusses the methods of grasping, doing, turning and using, which is a general description of brushwork and emphasizes the key brushwork. Holding refers to the "high and low depth" of writing; Make, that is, "vertical and horizontal pulling and the like" (generally speaking, it is the method of quick strokes); Turn, that is, "hook roll" (introduction to pen-tip conversion hovering method); Use, that is, "point to the back and so on" (generally refers to the trend of echo).
Matters needing attention in pen teaching
? 1. Fully understand the importance of using a pen: "It is best to use a pen". Structure and composition are based on using a pen, and ink painting belongs to using a pen. The shape of a word is naturally generated by a pen. Without a pen, a shape cannot exist. Only by mastering the pen can we master the modeling, not the other way around. Every writing style and calligrapher has his own unique pen. With a pen, the structure is inseparable. When one changes, the other changes with it.
2. Reuse the pen first. First of all, grab the pen. It doesn't matter if the structure is not accurate enough. Later, it naturally recovered, and it gradually recovered. First, teach simple stippling, demonstrate repeatedly, and let students practice repeatedly. After grasping the main points, you don't have to be demanding. You can learn to write simple words in order to deepen and consolidate, apply what you have learned and use it flexibly. After getting the foundation, learn other stippling according to this method. Break them one by one. Practicing strokes will involve a complete word. At first, you don't need to emphasize the accuracy of fonts, but the key is to use pens. Of course, the structural essentials can be suggested according to the specific situation, but it is not demanding. When practicing using a pen, only the structural features that students can easily do are properly prompted. Structural problems can be specially trained in the future.
3. Grasp the essentials of action. Using a pen is a process of action. "Cloud" pen. Train and cultivate the writing ability. Pay attention to the writing methods and actions to see if you have mastered the basic essentials and key links. Guide students to read posts, think of using a pen when they see strokes, and pay attention to the process of reproducing using a pen when writing. After reading: I think of using a pen when I see stippling, and I can infer the relationship between brushwork, brushstrokes, brushstrokes intention and brushstrokes before and after. Read "lively" posture from "static" handwriting. Look at this ink. The stippling in the engraving is mostly blocked by the blade and can only be inferred.
4. Pay attention to using the front and adjusting the front. The position and reverse of the pen tip. Center (forward)
5. Avoid drawing. Try to write a stroke and complete a stippling at one time. Start to learn difficult calligraphy, and you will get better soon. Correct starting point and good habits. Pay attention to using and adjusting the front, avoid painting and cultivate brushwork. Painting is harmful to the pen, and it is impossible to cultivate its flexibility and vividness.
6. Encourage appropriate letting go. On the premise of rigor, let go appropriately, avoid inhibiting personality and vitality, and avoid stubbornness and stagnation. It is related to vividness, flexibility and future development.
7. More demonstrations (demonstrations). Demonstrate how to use a pen and let the students imitate the action.