In the 30th year of Daoguang in the late Qing Dynasty (185 1), Hong Xiuquan revolted in Jintian Village, Guilin, and was named "Taiping".
Heaven. " In the same year, Yang Zaiyong 'an was made the East King (nine years old). In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the Taiping Army made Tianjing its capital. It is the first time in the history of China that "women's subjects" will be offered soon (only men's subjects won the first prize in the past). Fu Shanxiang rushed out of the secular prejudice and bravely signed up for gynecological examination. The examiner is Hong Xiuquan's sister and the wife of Xiao Chaogui, the queen mother of the West. As a result, Fu Shanxiang won the first place in Ding Family and became the first female champion in China history. Yang Xuan, the king of the East, chose Fu Shanxiang to go to the East. He was first appointed as "Shi Shi" and later as "Bookkeeper". Fu Shanxiang's literary talent is superior, he is proficient in literature and history, and his ability is outstanding. He is responsible for reviewing all documents and letters, and is appreciated by Wang Xiuquan and Wang Xiuqing. Soon after, he was promoted to "reward the Prime Minister", handled the military affairs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, formulated the "heaven-earth system", developed production, advocated land to the tiller and other measures, and became the political and economic right-hand man of Hong Xiuquan and Dong Wangyang, and played an important role in the political and economic affairs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1854, under the influence of Fu Shanxiang, Yang successively revised the cultural policy that only "old and new covenants" were allowed to be published in the kingdom of heaven, downgraded all ancient books to "demon books", abolished the "female library" that made women forget their husbands, restored the family system, and allowed young women to marry. Fu Shanxiang persuaded Dongwangyang to forbid his subordinates to destroy cultural relics, and set up a large museum in the East Palace where he lived. She has made great contributions to the development of China culture and the collection and protection of cultural relics.
Fu Shanxiang was the first to join the Taiping Army. After she was appointed as the Prime Minister, she also formulated a policy of liberating women for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, advocating "equality between men and women", "all women in the world are sisters" and "daring to kill demons with one heart". Wherever the Taiping Army went, a large number of suffering women actively joined the army to participate in the war. For example, the famous "fairy" Su Sanniang is the poor daughter of Lingshan, Guangdong. She lost her parents when she was a child. After joining the army, she married Su San, the leader of Taiping Heavenly Society. After her husband was killed by the Qing army, she did not flinch and continued to fight bloody battles. Su Sanniang led more than 2,000 rebels to fight north and south, all the way to Tianjing. At the beginning of the uprising, there were only 7,000 female soldiers, which increased to 40 when they hit Tianjing, reaching 65.438+10,000. In the Taiping Army, there are women in charge, women in charge, women in charge and women heads of households.
1852 In September, when the Taiping Army attacked Changsha, Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West who was in command of the operation, was suddenly shot and killed, and the enemy took the opportunity to launch a storm. At this critical moment, I saw a female general in the military camp, Ma Xiangqian, who was brave and tenacious and continued to direct the battle. She is Hong, the sister of King Hong Xiuquan and the wife of Xiao Chaogui, the queen mother of the West. Hong led all the soldiers, not afraid of the enemy's gunfire, broke through the blockade line layer by layer and inserted into the enemy camp, killing the enemy with fear and corpses everywhere. The story of Hong He commanding the heroic battle inspired the officers and men of Taiping Army. At that time, there was a song: "Follow Hong Jiaoxuan, you can play with muskets and knives." "Only by following Fu Shanxiang can we govern the country and let women stand on their own feet." There is also a saying that "Wu Youhong propagandizes Jiao, and the text has Fu Shanxiang". 1856, Yang broke through the southern and northern camps of the Qing army, easing the siege of Tianjing. Because of his pride, he killed each other internally, greatly weakened the power of the Taiping Army, and finally led to the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Fu Shanxiang died in the civil strife of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Fu Shanxiang is the first female champion in the history of China. She formulated a series of policies and made important contributions to the governance of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the promotion of gender equality.
Get the first place in the exam
Fu Shanxiang is an out-and-out local hukou, born in a scholarly family in Nanjing.
Her father took it as his duty to popularize education and eliminate illiteracy, and opened a library to teach in the city. With Fu Shanxiang, she and her sister Fu Luanxiang grew up in books. The two sisters grew up reading poetry books and looked like fairies, which became the goal pursued by many men. When Hong Xiuquan entered Nanjing with his Guangxi brothers, Fu Shanxiang was in the flower season of 16 years old, and her sister was two years older than her, 18 years old. Hearing the news that women can take the exam, the two sisters immediately signed up. The examination was held in the examination institute of Nanjing Confucius Temple (now Jiangnan Gongyuan). According to records, there were not only firecrackers but also cannons in the celebration equipment at that time. More than 200 women walked into the examination room amid the rumble of gunfire. As the examiner Hong gave the order, the exam officially began.
According to the records in the Examination of Clearing Banknotes, there are two examination questions, one of which is taken from Confucius' famous saying in The Analects of Confucius that "only women are difficult to raise".
Faced with this problem, many people gave in to Confucius according to their inertial thinking, and the content was that women must be as difficult to raise as villains. In ancient times, if the god in the eyes of calligraphy lovers was Wang Xizhi and the god in the eyes of ink lovers was Yan, then the god in the eyes of literati was Confucius. At that time, scholars worshipped Confucius every day at school, in imperial examinations and even in examinations. Even talking in my sleep at night is "Confucius once said ...". Therefore, a scholar can challenge his parents, his superiors and even the emperor, but he never dares to challenge Dashengkong, otherwise he will be the public enemy of all scholars!
Fu Shanxiang finally stood up, and the resentment of two thousand years turned into a very hard brick in an instant and shot at the Great Sage Hole. In her reply, she publicly pointed out that the theory of "difficult to support" was nonsense and attacked all kinds of disadvantages of feudal male chauvinism. Then put facts and reason, and list how many virtuous women in ancient times helped each other and raised their children. At that time, "men are superior to women" was still the mainstream thought of society. Fu Shanxiang dared to openly challenge Confucius, violently beat bricks, and even beat it to the end, describing a "truth" rooted in people's hearts for nearly two thousand years as absurd. This kind of rash fellow spirit, knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, finally persuaded Hong Xiuquan, the founder of God worship school. He praised this, and Zhu Bi waved Fu Shanxiang as the champion. Not to mention that. Master Hong not only gave a yellow satin horse and a red crepe horse, but also specially gave Fu Shanxiang a set of corolla brocade clothes, and asked the examiner Hong to personally wear flowers for her. Fu Shanxiang is dressed in gold and red, riding a horse in Nanjing.
On the third day in the city, gongs and drums were heard all the way, and the people lined the streets to watch, becoming a sensational news figure. The record in the history book is "but when you see the streets and lanes, everyone is calling for the champion." In fact, apart from the fact that Confucius' theory is difficult to support, there is also a question about writing poems, and the designated topic is: a green landscape.
Fu Shanxiang's answer is equally subtle, depicting the boating scenery vividly:
I can't hear the sound, mountains and rivers send lonely sails;
The opposite is picturesque, and the back is covered with green stones.
Clouds roll and clouds are comfortable, and water is around;
The stern is clear and flowing, and the peak and waist are shining.
Green doubts stay on the ancient shore, and Cui wants to sign a shirt;
The sound of the stream startled the geese, and the cypress was overcast.
Fu Shanxiang, the only female champion in the history of China, is really courageous and talented, but she wants to record this champion, including the intention of the kingdom of heaven to break the old system. Later, Fu Shanxiang was assigned to the East Palace, and his sister was sent to the Heavenly Palace, thus stepping into the political stage of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
East Wang Fu storm
Yang, the king of the East, chose Fu Shanxiang as the East, first as a "servant of history" and then as a "book". Fu Shanxiang's literary talent is superior, he is proficient in literature and history, and his ability is outstanding. He is responsible for reviewing all documents and letters, and is appreciated by Wang Xiuquan and Wang Xiuqing. Soon after, he was promoted to "reward the Prime Minister", handled the military affairs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, formulated the "heaven-earth system", developed production, advocated land to the tiller and other measures, and became the political and economic right-hand man of Hong Xiuquan and Dong Wangyang, and played an important role in the political and economic affairs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1854, under the influence of Fu Shanxiang, Yang successively revised the cultural policy that only the old and new conventions were allowed to be published and all ancient books were downgraded to "demon books", abolished the "women's bank" that made women forget their husbands, restored the family system and allowed young women to get married. That's after the Taiping rebels came to jintian uprising, Fu Shanxiang was appointed as the leader of the women's pavilion and became the leader of 10,000 or 20,000 dresses. In view of the needs of military operations, the dependents of the army will be organized separately to undertake logistics work.
It's called "Women's Camp". After its capital was Tianjing, it was renamed as "Women's Pavilion", and it was forbidden for men to explore, and the husband and wife lived together, which also violated the law. But over time, it caused dissatisfaction. Fu Shanxiang wanted to reform very much, so he tactfully said to the East King: "When Tianwang was in Yong 'an, he promised to capture Jinling and go to heaven, and many couples were reunited. Today, he is still not allowed to have a family, which is not enough to convince the public. " After consulting with Tianwang, Dongwang ordered Xu and his wife to reunite for one day in January. Soon, the Qing army attacked the city on a large scale, food was in short supply, and the state treasury could not make ends meet. It is really a great burden to spend tens of thousands of silver to support 134 thousand women every year. Fu Shanxiang boldly proposed to the East, canceled the women's museum, and many couples went home to reunite, so that young unmarried women also got married. In this way, military spending has decreased and complaints have subsided. The East King and the King adopted Fu Shanxiang's advice and asked her to take charge of the matter. Fu Shanxiang went deep into the women's camp and wrote down the temperament, age and appearance of the sisters on paper and arranged them one by one. Young men and women holding dragons and phoenixes happily joined hands to thank Fu Shan Xiang and left. "The Women's Museum is empty."
Fu Shanxiang was the first to join the Taiping Army. After her appointment as prime minister, she also formulated a policy of liberating women for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, advocating "equality between men and women", "all women in the world are sisters" and "courage and resourcefulness, and killing demons together". Wherever the Taiping Army went, a large number of suffering women actively joined the army to participate in the war. For example, the famous "fairy" Su Sanniang is the poor daughter of Lingshan, Guangdong. She lost her parents when she was a child. After joining the army, she married Su San, the leader of Taiping Heavenly Society. After her husband was killed by the Qing army, she did not flinch and continued to fight bloody battles. Su Sanniang led more than 2,000 rebels to fight north and south, all the way to Tianjing. At the beginning of the uprising, there were only 7,000 female soldiers, which increased to 40 when they hit Tianjing, reaching100000. In the Taiping Army, there are women in charge, women in charge, women in charge and women heads of households.
After the Taiping Rebellion, the northern king Wei Changhui killed the eastern king Yang. Or Yun Fushanxiang died in this battle; Or the cloud doesn't know where it went.
However, there is another legend in unofficial history about the feud between Fu Shanxiang and Donghe Yang and Hong Xiuquan's sister Hong and its later ending.
1852 In September, when the Taiping Army attacked Changsha, Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West who was in command of the operation, was suddenly shot and killed, and the enemy took the opportunity to launch a storm. At this critical moment, I saw a female general in the military camp, Ma Xiangqian, who was brave and tenacious and continued to direct the battle. She is Hong, the sister of King Hong Xiuquan and the wife of Xiao Chaogui, the queen mother of the West. Hong led all the soldiers, not afraid of the enemy's gunfire, broke through the blockade line layer by layer and inserted into the enemy camp, killing the enemy with fear and lying on the ground. Hong commanded heroic deeds and beat drums and shouted.
Men and women dancing in the Taiping Army. At that time, there was a song: "Follow Hong Jiaoxuan, you can play with muskets and knives." "Only by following Fu Shanxiang can we govern the country and let women stand on their own feet." There is also a saying that "Wu Youhong propagandizes Jiao, and the text has Fu Shanxiang". That is, these two grotesque girls, who are superior in skills, gradually fell into a rift, which also led to the misunderstanding between the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan and the East Wang Yang.
First, there is a fierce conflict between the two because of the control of the women's library. Mr. Che Shui wrote in the article "Fu Shan Xiang Ku is the best scholar": "The contradiction between these two women is not entirely caused by the management system of the women's library. There is another contradiction buried in their hearts and unwilling to say it, that is, they are fighting for Yang's favor. In terms of origin, Hong and Yang can be said to be old lovers. As early as when Hong Xiuquan first established the God Meeting, Hong and Yang had a sentimental relationship, and Yang's participation in the God Meeting was also related to this relationship. Later, when Hong Xiuquan came to power, Hong married Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West, and Yang had to stay away from him. After Xiao Chaogui's death, the kingdom made Nanjing its capital, and Yang and Hong rekindled their old love. Only to find that in the end, a talented Fu Shanxiang came in. Yang was greedy for the new and tired of the old, which broke Hong's dream of old love. Why not let her hate Fu Shanxiang? Fu Shanxiang also heard about the old relationship between Hong and Yang, who often separated. Hong challenged her, and she never showed weakness. The contradiction between the two is getting deeper and deeper.
Fu Shanxiang's position in the women's pavilion is Tuan Tuan Shuai, but his official position belongs to the East Palace. Therefore, it is close to Yang, but far from Hong. At this time, the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan indulged in debauchery and enjoyment, and no longer took power. The military and political power of the kingdom of heaven is actually in the hands of Wang Yang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Fu Shanxiang took advantage of Yang's affection for himself and often cooed in his ear. Finally, he ordered the dissolution of the women's museum. For Hong, the Women's Pavilion is undoubtedly a kind of political and spiritual support. Once the women's museum is gone, she will feel that her kite is going to be disconnected. Fu Shanxiang's move can hit her hard. Of course, Hong will not stop there. While the pavilion was finished, she incited Taiping rebels to choose wives and concubines in the women's pavilion. Suddenly, Yingying flew about, and Fu Shanxiang, who was in charge of the aftermath of the Women's Pavilion, returned to East Wang Fu to reward the Prime Minister. Recalling what Hong did when he left the museum, she was greatly despised. On a whim, she wrote an untitled poem: "The red collar of the swallow is precious, and the Huang Shoupa of the goose is shy;" In fact, the little maid said that she had her wish, and there was a beautiful woman named Mochow. " Although this poem has no title, it is obviously aimed at Hong. She compared Hong to a spoiled little maid, and she herself was Mochow, a famous beauty. She just wanted to satirize Hong's humble origins and petty family. The poem soon reached Hong's ears, and she was so angry that she smoked. How dare you, a helpless little girl, make fun of a battle-hardened princess! She took out her poems and told them to Brother Tianwang, and advised her, "This is obviously our peasant family's contempt for the Taiping Army! She is a woman without any foundation and dares to say such wild words. Maybe the East King is behind her! He is not kind! "
Tianwang is skeptical about his sister's words. Yang, the king of the East, is becoming more and more powerful, so he is a little wary. The East King over there soon heard the news that the heavenly king had been guarding himself, and it was Fu Shanxiang's poems that caused trouble. In order to stabilize his position, he had to take the method of losing his pawn to protect his car, reluctantly give up what one favours, and used Fu Shanxiang's opportunity to steal a few mouthfuls of opium to punish him. Not only was she dismissed from her official position, but she was also shackled and paraded in the streets, and finally she was put in prison. In this way, the female champion was swept off her feet.
In prison, Fu Shanxiang was in great pain and wrote a letter to Yang with tears in his eyes: "I am so grateful that I can't help reporting. I read the document for me and tried my best. Want to sleep at night, leading to prohibition of work, occasional smoking, not sentenced to death; At first, Jean was released for a while, and then he wanted to see the sequelae. He has been ill for 20 years. He is thin and seems to be dying. He wants to see his kindness again. I want to take off the gold bars I gave you one day, and I will return them to you with the table. I am lucky to learn from it! "
This letter seems to be a farewell letter, but it is ingeniously attached with a close-fitting pink pocket, which really wants to arouse Yang's memory. Yang really thinks about things, and it pains me to think of all the benefits of Fu Shanxiang's usual life. He didn't mean to have a hard time with Fu Shanxiang, so he ordered the release of Fu Shanxiang, reinstated him, and still lived in Xia Zi Pier. After suffering this time, Fu Shanxiang completely closed his sword and dared not fight Hong again. "
Final results
Later, Fu Shanxiang and He Zhenchuan, who worked in East Wang Fu, gradually fell in love.
It means that after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, both of them lived incognito in an alley in Shanghai. Nanjing people also said that their former residence is near the east intersection of the south bank of Qinhuai River. He Zhenchuan: This person is from Liufu, Guangxi. He wrote about Hong Xiuquan's campaign during the Jintian Village Uprising. Fu Shanxiang is usually inseparable from Yang, but he never pays attention to him. Now if you look at him carefully, you will find that he is not only brilliant, but also personable, and Fu Shanxiang can't help but turn from appreciation to love. At that time, it was the Mid-Autumn Festival full moon night, and Fu Shanxiang could not help but write such a poem:
Qinhuai infinite hate, Mid-Autumn Festival;
Chivalrous Liang Hongyu, brilliant Qin Shaoyou.
Flowers bloom for three days, and people are more worried when they are five;
After a brief encounter, the Yangtze River rolled in.
She copied the poem on a pink note and quietly handed it to He Zhenchuan. He Zhenchuan was overjoyed. Since then, the East Palace has added a pair of underground lovers.
Wei Changhui, the king of the North, created the Tianjing incident. People led the troops to wash the East Palace. More than 10,000 relatives, subordinates and cronies of East Wang Yang died by the sword, but Fu Shanxiang and He Zhenchuan escaped.
After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Fu Shanxiang and He Zhenchuan lived in an alley in Shanghai, and no one knew who they were.
Summary of later generations
Throughout Fu Shanxiang's life, it is really extraordinary, and it is just an misfortune, which is also the epitome of the fate of the times. This is exactly:
I can't hear the sound, mountains and rivers send lonely sails; The opposite is picturesque, and the back is covered with green stones.
Clouds roll and clouds are comfortable, and water is around; The stern is clear and flowing, and the peak and waist are shining.
Green doubts stay on the ancient shore, and Cui wants to sign a shirt; The sound of the stream startled the geese, and the cypress was overcast.
Qinhuai infinite hate, Mid-Autumn Festival; Chivalrous Liang Hongyu, brilliant Qin Shaoyou.
Flowers bloom for three days, and people are more worried when they are five; After a brief encounter, the Yangtze River rolled in.