The internal troubles and foreign invasion in the late Qing Dynasty and the important events in Shenyang will inevitably touch the literati who live or work here and be reflected in their poems. Actually, it's true. Poets represented by Wei wrote many poems reflecting disasters and people's sufferings in their poetry creation, showing their concern for people's livelihood and sympathy for people's sufferings. Such as "Chen Wu Dashuixing"—
Dark clouds rise from the southwest and rain dragonflies fall from the sky.
Just as we were thirsty and looking at Yun Ni, the long wind blew along the river.
In May, Chen Wu met a human voice, and the next rain lasted for ten days.
Qian Shan is full of water, and streams become rivers and Tianjin.
The mountains were washed away and angry rocks were pressed on the fields.
Guyangen Road is sparsely populated and completely collapsed into a high bank.
Many streams tend to flood rivers, and the flooded rivers collapse and irrigate flat fields.
Tall crops are bare and short, and there is no land except punting.
Branches crossed the village and became Zeguo, and children's wives called it disgraceful.
Yang Hou drum waves to all families, and the chicken and dolphin have been taken down by Xiaolong.
Chaihe ran here and there, and he couldn't go back to Liao.
Without a tail shovel, the tide overflowed like thunder.
Residents by the river fled to the trees in the middle of the night after finishing their houses.
There was no boat when calling for help, and the waves were buried in the fish's stomach.
After a while, Shuiguo added a new ghost, ignoring my parents and wife.
At the beginning of new funerals and new marriages, coffins float in Tao Hong.
No one asked about the life and death of the waterfront, and it is difficult to find a brave man at this time.
Yan Lu was half a residence, but it became a Gibraltarian.
There were tourists in the city yesterday. They heard that water surrounded the city.
When the grain ship reaches the north gate, the cloth sails fall to the root of the city.
People in the city were shocked and embarrassed. They sighed at the scenery of the city.
Recalling the past, it is already very afternoon, and there is no such thing as vastness and eternity.
Second, the wheat has no autumn grain and the field is ripe.
Horses have no beans, and people have no food, so they envy farmers who live in rock valleys.
You see how many barren years have passed since the military revolution, which is even more devastating.
The tortoise said that the cave was blocked by the river, and finally the fog was thicker than smoke.
I didn't see Zhu Rong burn down thousands of houses in urban and rural areas last year.
After the plague, the demon atmosphere is vertical and horizontal, and the bones are white.
Ho ho,
Disasters occur frequently, and the police are born, and the creation is ruthless.
If there is no disaster in people's hearts, there will be peace without disaster.
Wei, the word Jpua, also the word Gongyin, is called Tiemin. Tieling, Liaoning, was born in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. Gong calligraphy, good at poetry, is a famous poet in Liaohai in Qing Dynasty. He wrote more than 3,000 poems in his life, of which 1700 poems have been handed down to this day. He was not only the outstanding poet in Liaoning and Shenyang, but also the outstanding poet in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Wei spent his boyhood in Balizhuang and Hongxing Villa in the south of Tieling. After Ba Gong, he worked as a shogunate aide in Changtu, Haicheng, Liaoyang, Jinzhou, Xiuyan, Shenyang and other places, and went to Beijing to apply for a job. Because he was naked all his life, he was familiar with and understood the life and sufferings of the bottom people, and he often went in and out of the shogunate, and he was familiar with the official situation and official corruption in the late Qing Dynasty, so he always paid attention to the sufferings of the people and the fate of the country in his poems. When he was an aide in Jinzhou, he witnessed natural and man-made disasters in southern Liaoning, and the people fell into extreme hardship, resulting in a large number of fugitives. He wrote three long songs, such as Mourning for the Year of Famine, Disaster Relief and Travelling for Refugees, which recorded the tragic situation of people's displacement and the pain of victims' struggle for death: "Clouds cover the corner of the sea, and the sky is not bright." Hungry people cry in all fields, and their dissatisfaction dries up the sky. ..... The bark has long been eaten, Andrew's quinoa soup? I was so hungry that my whole family froze. It's terrible, the sour side is raining tears. "This kind of accusation of blood and tears is sour to read. Three Officials and Three Farewells by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, has artistic appeal. It is with this innovative spirit that Wei wrote Chen Wu's Great Rivers.
Wei portrait
Here we are, seven years of Tongzhi (1868), and Wei is 56 years old. He went in and out of Beijing twice and returned to Tieling and Shenyang to look for a job. Rich experience increased his sympathy for the weak, so when he reflected on the flood he witnessed with his own eyes, he was passionate about generate. The first four sentences of the poem say that the flood is fierce: "Dark clouds rise from the southwest, and rain dragonflies come out of the sky." Just as I was looking at Yun Ni with thirst, Changfeng blew down the Tianhe River. "This last sentence called the flood" Tianhe ",which was" long wind blowing down ",and explained the overwhelming flood in concise language. From the fifth sentence to the thirty-sixth sentence ("Li Shu turned into a Nao people"), the poet described the destructive power of the sudden flood, which caused great disasters to nature, farmland and the lives of urban and rural people. "There was a heavy rain for ten days once." I wrote that the heavy rain lasted for more than twenty days. When Qian Shan is angry, hundreds of streams become rivers and Tianjin ",it is written that flash floods broke out everywhere, so that all the streams in the past became rivers. "The mountains have been washed away, and the turbulent rocks are pressing the fields. "It says that the roads on the highlands have been washed away, and the stones washed down by the rapids are pressing the fields." The ancient road at the root of the rock was deserted and completely collapsed into a "high embankment". The ancient road under the rock was also washed away and became a "high embankment". Pan-Sichuan flood irrigates flat fields "and" Chai River flows eastward ". The two Tieling rivers under the jurisdiction of Fengtian, Panhe River and Chaihe River, have burst their banks, and surging floods have come to Liaohe River. "Fanchuan", that is, Fanhe, is a tributary of Liaohe River. Chaihe River is also a tributary of Liaohe River, which flows into Liaohe River from east to west. "Can't into the liao, can't make a comeback. "Speaking of the influx of water from Panhe River and Chaihe River, the water level of Liaohe River is still very high, and it continues to swirl to the provincial capital Mukden. In this flood situation, people's power seems to have no power at all, only to be passively submerged. " High food is short of food, so there is no land but punting. It is disgraceful for children and wives to cross the village and become a country. ""YangHou drum waves to somebody else, chicken dolphin has been the dragon. "The crops are flooded, and the ground can't be seen everywhere, so we can only punt. The tributary ("Du Zhi") passing through the village brought the flood into the village, and the village became a water country. The children wailed, the women shouted, and people were shocked. The flood has entered the yard and domestic animals such as chickens and pigs have also drowned. " Yang Hou, the legendary wave god, wrote in Huainan Ming: "Cut the Zhou Dynasty, cross it, and the waves of Yang Hou hit the countercurrent. "The original note said:" Yang Hou, Ling Yang Guo Hou also. His country is close to the water, and he drowned. His god can be a big wave and hurt, because it is called the wave of Yang Hou. Therefore, "when the sun shines, the waves go to the house" means that the flood has entered people's courtyards. The place most affected by the flood is even more terrible: "The riverside residents finished their houses less and fled to the trees in the middle of the night. "There was no boat when I was in a hurry to call for help, and the waves were buried in the fish's stomach. After a while, Shuiguo added a new ghost, ignoring my parents and wife. At the beginning of new funerals and new marriages, coffins float in Tao Hong. No one asked about the life and death of the waterfront, and it is difficult to find a brave man at this time. Yan Lu is half a Chen Bo family, and Li Shu has become a country. " What a sad sight it is. People who climb trees in the flood will inevitably die in the belly of fish and become new ghosts, let alone take care of their parents, wives and children. Hong Tao also participated in the unburied coffin and new dowry jewelry box (even).
At this time, the former residential area has become a piece of Shui Ze, and the common people have become subjects of the water town. 37 to 56 sentences are the third level of the whole poem. From the mouth of tourists in the city, it is written that the city is also a scene of "Wang Yang" after the flood was swept away, and then through the memories of the previous flood, it is bluntly said that the flood is serious and it never rains but it pours. "Yesterday there were guests in the city, and Guo was besieged by the smell of water. When the grain ship reaches the north gate, the cloth sails fall to the root of the city. The whole city was surprised and embarrassed. They went to the city to lament He's six poems. From the mouth of tourists in the city, the scene that the city was besieged by the flood after the first peak of the flood was written. The grain carrier can reach the city root, and the frightened citizens look out of the city and see the raging flood! The seriousness of the flood is obvious. The second sentence says, "Recalling the past is already a very late afternoon, and it is not that vast and everlasting." There were floods in Afternoon (twenty-nine years of Daoguang) and Afternoon (twenty-six years of Daoguang), but they were not as big as this flood and lasted for a long time! " There is no autumn grain for two wheat crops, and I'm sorry that the mountains and fields are ripe in Qitian. Horses have no food, but people live in rock valleys. "Four sentences are written about the harvest of wheat, barley and grains in autumn, and the low-lying land can only reduce production in Shan Ye. This will inevitably lead to a situation where horses have no forage and people have no food, but they will envy people living in the mountains! " Don't you see, the famine after the war lasted for years, and it was even more devastated. The tortoise said that the cave was blocked by the river, and the fog at the end of the sun was thicker than smoke. "Poets rely on experience or agricultural proverbs. Whenever the water is raging, it can only be seen in the first half of the first month. The author remembers that there were tens of thousands of turtles in Jiuchai River in early March, which blocked water and blocked stones and migrated to Liaohe River, with the fog of Duanyang as the main water. " Last year, thousands of houses in urban and rural areas were burnt down in Zhu Rong, and the situation became demonic, with white bones. "These four sentences are a review of the first year of the deluge and a fire ("Zhu Rong ",the legendary Vulcan). Coupled with a later "plague" (in the first year of Tongzhi, the plague was prevalent and death was related. In three, four and five years, thieves raged and died a lot, which made this place infected with infectious diseases, bandits ran rampant and bones were everywhere. At the end of the poem, "wow, disasters occur frequently in different years, and creation is heartless and affectionate." "If you make people's hearts disappear, they will rise from this disaster." Four sentences are the end of the poem, and the poet expresses his feelings through things and sends out warnings. He said that when frequent disasters are warned, people and the creator seem heartless, but in fact they are affectionate. If people want to eliminate the curse of corruption and greed, the world will naturally be peaceful without disaster! This is the poet's call for a better world in the face of frequent disasters, and it is also an ideal realm, which fully shows the poet's lofty feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
Du Fu's yearning for "the endless building complex is a great refuge for all the poor in the world" in the song of autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage is a lofty aesthetic pursuit. In the face of the great flood, Wei yearned for "peace without disaster, peace without disaster", which also showed the noble feelings of a poet who cares about the people. When evaluating Wei's poems, Wu Shuo said: "Who is the successor, Xiao Tong is a tall building. Anti-falling vowels, sour and salty. " It is said that Wei inherited the tradition of Du Fu's poems, which I think is also a very valuable aspect of the poems sung by Liaoshen poets in history.
Wei: Wei's manuscript of boating on a moonlit night.
Wei has been to Shenyang many times in his career of nearly 80 years. At the end of Tongzhi, he lived in Shenyang for a long time as a distinguished guest at the invitation of Shengjing Sikouming. His collection of poems, Poems of Jiumei Village, was also funded and published by Ming. Judging from the existing poems, there are dozens of poems with Shenyang scenery as the theme. When I was young, I traveled to Wanquan River with my friends for the first time and recited five poems. Since then, every time he went to Shenyang, he has written poems, such as The Road to Shenyang is Early, The Wind Crossing Liu Ju, The Title of Yong 'an Bridge, The Capital of the Company, Writing Works on the Road to the Provincial Capital, Calling a Scholar from Xigang, Shenyang to Have a Drink in the Wine Market, Xinmin Tun Road, and Feeling of Sitting at Night in Shenyang Hostel. Due to different writing years, different plots and different backgrounds, these poems reflect different styles in Shenyang, such as the preface and poem cloud of "Boating with Friends on a Moonlight Night in Wanquan River" written in the 18th year of Daoguang (1838).
Wanquan River is outside the East Gate of Shenyang, commonly known as "Xiaohe Weir". This summer vacation, I will take the exam in the province. A friend Ren Liuwei (Zhong Yue) lives by the river and invites Yu Yue to go boating. There are Mingting (its victory) and Shi Lang people (Yushan) in Wu Tong Township. Six-dimensional has wine and vegetables, and orders the boy to get on the boat and enjoy drinking. The moon is bright as day, and the lotus is in full bloom. There are dozens of willows on this bank, and the water bank is low. To the east is the cotton field, the stone platform is very high, with pearls and Lin Bao land on it, and the palace is magnificent, also called the scenic spot. Returning is to write poems to win the clouds.
Bi Baokui Proofread Jiumei Village Poems
one
Smoke, fresh water and old clouds. * * * Let's travel on a beautiful night.
Mingshui seldom meets each other, and everyone on the red boat carries wine.
Secondly,
Fishermen play in the water under the lotus pond, and immortals enjoy the cool night in the same boat.
Who is the host and who is the guest?
third
The waves rippled with the moon and beads, and a fragrant wind rushed to the boat.
After singing, the lotus picker disappeared and the flowers flew over the lotus root lace.
Fourth.
The flower palace shrugged the fish tank, and the upper boundary clock collided intermittently.
Looking back from the balcony, every house is illuminated through the red window.
Fifth.
A few lines of willow shadows are swaying, and the smoke from the kitchen is flat.
The clearest place for fishing songs is that two or three stars recognize the southwest.
Wei clearly pointed out in the preface that these five four-character poems were written when he was 26 years old. "Trying to save the door" belongs to the official examination, and all the students admitted are scholars. In the preface, I also briefly described the scene when my friends and I were boating on the moonlit night in Wanquan River, that is, "Xiaoheyan" (Xiaoheyan). When we introduced Miao Gongen's poem about Wanquan and Shen Shilin's poem Bixi Chunxiao during the Qianlong period, we said that Wanquan River had become a scenic spot in Shenyang during the Qianlong period, with "eight views of Wanquan". After several generations of Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng, the scenery around Wanquan River became more prosperous in Tongzhi period. "Fengtian Tongzhi, Architectural Places of Interest and Shenyang County Records" has a volume of 96 years: "Wanquan River in Shenyang County Records: in Yicheng, close to the east, it rises in Guanyin Pavilion Yongquan, flows into Dongshuimen in the west, reaches Kuixing Building, crosses Hongqiao and turns southwest. That is, Xiaoshui also. There are clear waves, Pearl Spring is riddled with holes, but it is thin and dry all the time, so it is also called Wanquan River. The river flows above, the water plants are overgrown, and the lotus is the most prosperous. It is one of the eight scenic spots in Shenyang. " The scenery of Wanquan River recorded by Wei in "Preface" is generally similar to that recorded in the county annals, and Wei also wrote about the pearl land along the river in "Preface", that is, "east of Miandi". In ancient Chinese, "Zhu Lin" refers to beautiful trees, generally referring to trees in temples, such as Shen Quanqi's poem in the Tang Dynasty: "Sing a long song to treasure land and lean on Zhu Lin." One moonlit night, Wei and Ren Liuwei, You Qisheng and Shi Yushan were boating in Wanquan River. One of them, Ren Liuwei, prepared wine and vegetables, enjoyed the lotus flowers in the river, listened to the temple bell in the evening, drank and had fun, and sang five songs happily.
Wan Quanlian in the Early Republic of China
In the first song of the Five Wonders, a friend invited him to swim in the river on a bright moon night, which happened to be a good time for the bright moon to be in the sky. The second song is about a fisherman rowing a boat, a fairy couple in the same boat going to the depths of the lotus, and enjoying the cool night ("fairy couple", here is the reputation of elegant friends). After drinking heartily, guests and friends are no longer restricted. The third song, after catching up with the depths of the lotus, the fragrance of the lotus and the fragrance of the woman who sang "Lotus Picking Song" came with the wind. Unfortunately, I only heard the song, but I didn't see anyone. The boat ("painted radially") has been rowed off the lotus. The fourth song, I remember a few * * * friends going to the Flower Palace to watch the fish and enjoy the flowers. The night is getting deeper and deeper, the temple bells are ringing frequently, and the lights on Wanquan River are dim. The "upper boundary" of the "upper boundary clock" in the poem refers to heaven and heaven, and here refers to the temple.
The fifth song, I still remember a few friends leaving Wanquan after rowing. Willow branches curl up, "smoke is flat", dew is thick, late at night, Wanquan River still sparks, and fishing songs are clear.
The Five Classics and Seven Musts provide us with extremely important historical and cultural information, that is, the nightlife in Shenyang has been very prosperous and active in the late Qing Dynasty. We have seen Wang Zhihao's "Crossing the Liao River and Taking a New Boat" in the Ming Dynasty, and we know that cruise ships at Hunhe Ferry are flourishing. But there was no record of boating on a cruise ship at night. In this group of poems, Wei not only provides us with new information, but also depicts a vivid nightlife picture for us. As can be seen from the poem, there were not only cruise ships boating on a moonlit night along the Wanquan River, but also the catering industry cooperated with them to provide "good wine and delicacies". On the cruise ship, there are "fishermen" rowing boats, and in the depths of the lotus, there are singers singing "Lotus Picking Songs".
In the temples near Wanquan River, the midnight bell is frequently transmitted, and religious culture is also very prosperous. All this information shows that with the prosperity of urban commerce and the development of culture in the late Qing Dynasty, Shenyang's nightlife began to emerge.
W: Li Xiaonan moved from to Xiaoheyan.
If we say that Wei was in his prime when he visited Wanquan River on 1838, it is inevitable that he will be infected with some joy when he praises Shenyang. Then, after decades, he went through many vicissitudes and then looked at Shenyang. Things have changed, and he naturally feels different. The same as Wanquanhe, the poem "Li Xiaonan moved from Xiaoheyan" written by Wei in the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1873)-
Deep in the water cloud, the idle door is closed, and the wind crane is calm and quiet.
I am an old fisherman in Wuling, and I sailed directly to Yuan Xian.
(peony lives in his hometown and moved to the provincial capital for stealing police, also known as Xianyuanzi. )
Thirty-five years later, in his sixties, Wei went to Wanquanhe to visit friends and scholars who had moved here. There are not many words in the original note of the poem, but "Xiaonan lived in his hometown and moved to the provincial capital because of stealing police", which clearly shows that in the past 30 years from Daoguang to Tongzhi, the rural public security in Fengtian has changed a lot, stealing police frequently, and rural life is difficult, so he had to find a secluded place in the provincial capital. This little poem is also a portrayal of Shenyang's declining society in the late Qing Dynasty.
The first sentence of the poem is about the "deep water cloud" of my friend Li Xiaonan's new house, and the idle door is closed. The second sentence, "the wind and crane are quiet and quiet", means that to the poet's surprise, the host has found a good place that is not disturbed by social unrest. "Wind crane", short for jittery, refers to war. In the last two sentences, the poet called himself "an old fisherman in Wuling" to visit Taohuayuan to express his desire to seek social peace in the turmoil. Tao Yuanming wrote in his famous poem "Peach Blossom Spring" that the fishermen in Wuling strayed into the Peach Blossom Spring, and the poet used this as a metaphor for himself. "Fairy Source", namely Peach Blossom Garden, is also another name of Li Xiaonan, which refers to the residence of poet friend Li Xiaonan in Xiaoheyan.
Wei: Liuhegou, Tuji
Wei also wrote a poem, which directly described the rural areas of Shenyang at that time: the first Liuhe ditch.
The road ahead is sunset, dusty and boundless.
The village was poor and broken, and the water fell on the river.
But I must take a break and talk about it.
Then no one asked, what's for dinner?
We have enjoyed Chen Dawen's Crossing Liuhe Gully, Crescent Moon in Qiao Liu and New Shop in Chang Di written during the Qianlong period, describing the tranquility and beauty of Liuhe Gully during the rural economic development during the Qianlong period, which is quite attractive. After more than a hundred years of vicissitudes, the rural economy in the late Qing Dynasty was seriously damaged under the dual pressure of internal and external troubles. In the past, the beautiful countryside of Liuhegou has become "dusty" and "falling into the river". The road ahead is full of wind and sand, and we will stay in Liuhegou for one night, but the small shop in the village is a "poor hut in the village". This shows the decline of agricultural economy. For a passer-by, he can only sigh helplessly, "but he can rest on a fake branch and talk about his knees." The poet said, "Let's temporarily perch on the branches like birds, but the guest room is surprisingly narrow and can only stretch our legs!"! ("Knee resistance" can only stretch your legs. Tao Yuanming wrote in "Gui Xi Ci": "It is easy to observe knee resistance. "No matter how hard the living conditions are, you have to eat rice, but what can such a small country shop eat? The poet asked a question at the end, but he didn't answer it, and there was no need to answer it. Everything is in silence. The poet's description of the farmer's shop in Liuhegou shows the scene of rural decline in the late Qing Dynasty and gives a helpless sigh.
No matter which dynasty or generation of rulers forget the interests of farmers, they forget the foundation of their own political power and choose grave diggers for themselves. The peasant uprising in the late Qing Dynasty, from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to the Boxer Rebellion, can be said to have dealt a fatal blow to the rulers, just like Li Zicheng in the late Ming Dynasty. Wei's poems consciously reveal this inevitability through objective observation of Shenyang countryside.