Confucius Temple is a temple dedicated to Confucius, a thinker, politician and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period in China feudal dynasty. It is located in the center of Qufu. It is a group of ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics, large scale and magnificent momentum.
Lingxingmen
Also known as Xing, he was honored as a "celebration teacher" by the ancients. In ancient times, the spirit star should be sacrificed first. The name of Confucius Temple is Ling Xing, which means that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven.
Lingxingmen is behind Panshui Bridge, with four rooms and three rooms. Stone pillars and iron beams are cast with 12 faucet valves. Four circular stone pillars are decorated with auspicious clouds, and a dazzling heavenly general is carved at the top. The Efang is carved with a flame orb. In the Ming Dynasty, the Efang was composed of two layers of stone slabs. The lower layer was engraved with the three characters "Xing Xing Men" written by Emperor Qianlong, and the upper layer was engraved with brocade patterns. In the Ming Dynasty, this gate was a wooden structure, which was rebuilt in the 19th year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1754).
The second square is built in Lingxingmen, and Taihe Yuan Qi Square is built in the south. This square was built in the spring of the 23rd year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1544), and its shape is the same as that of Jinsheng Yuzhen Square. The inscription on Fang's forehead is written by the Governor of Shandong Province, praising Confucius' thought that "everything in the world is born". To the north is Zhisheng Temple Square, engraved with seal script. In the Ming Dynasty, the square was originally engraved with the word "Xuansheng Temple", which was renamed today in the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1729). The square is carved with white marble, with three rooms and four columns, the columns are decorated with auspicious clouds, and the square is decorated with flame orbs.
In order to praise the far-reaching influence of Confucius' thought on our society, later generations used words such as "virtue and heaven" and "Taoist temple in ancient and modern times", which meant that his contribution was as great as victory and his thoughts were the best in ancient and modern times. Therefore, two symmetrical wooden archways were built around the first entrance of Confucius Temple, with "Virtue and Heaven" in the east and "Taoist Temple in ancient and modern times" in the west, which were the first side doors of Confucius Temple. These two workshops were built in the early Ming Dynasty, and they have obvious style of the times. The building is made of wood structure, with three rooms, four columns and five floors, yellow glazed tiles, wishful arch, 13 steps for bay, 9 steps for bay and 5 steps for small roof. There are eight stone monsters under the square. The four Tianlu in the middle, swinging their tails, have long claws on their necks; Four evil spirits on both sides glared and twisted their necks, with strange images.
Shengshimen
Shengshimen
Shengji Temple is named after the stone carving cartoon "Shengji" which records the life story of Confucius. This temple is located behind the sleeping hall and is a single courtyard. It is the last ninth courtyard of Confucius Temple. The temple was built in the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1529). Who presided over the construction? The original wooden depiction of Confucius' deeds in the Confucius Temple was changed into stone carvings, carved by Yang Zhi and embedded in the inner wall of the temple. This is a "sacred map" with 120 pictures.
Each painting is about 38 cm wide and 60 cm long. It shows the sacred traces from Yan's mother praying for Confucius in Nishan to building a tomb for her children after Confucius's death, and is equipped with two portraits of Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu, and the sacrifice to Confucius in Tailao. Among them, the main activities and remarks of Confucius, such as "logging by Song people" and "tyranny is fiercer than tigers", are widely known. It is the first complete character story comic book in China, which has high historical and artistic value.
In the Shengji Temple, facing the stone carvings written by Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. In the middle is the portrait of Confucius painted by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, and on the left is the portrait of a saint painted by Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in the Jin Dynasty, commonly known as "Confucius Xiaoying". It is said that "Xiaoying" is the truest and closest to the true face of Confucius. In the second year of Song Shaosheng (AD 1095), Sun Kongduanyou, the forty-eighth generation of Confucius, carved three stones. On the right is Wu Daozi's painting How Many Portraits of Confucius. Confucius sat next to several people, and his disciples waited around. Kong Zongshou, the grandson of Confucius, turned the carved stone over in the second year of Song Shao. These portraits are praised by emperors such as Song Taizu and Song Zhenzong, and inscribed by Song Shaosheng and Zheng He. There is also the Great Praise of Confucius written by Mi Fei, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, and the imperial tablet of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.
Hongdaomen
Hongdaomen
To the north of Bishui Bridge is Hongdaomen, which is the gate of Confucius Temple in the tenth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1377). In the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, it was named after praising Confucius and expounding the ways of Tang and Zhou Gong according to The Analects of Confucius. There are two Yuan Monuments under the gate, and the East Four Ridges Monument is Qufu County Records, which records the changes and evolution of Qufu and has high historical value. The West Monument is "the tomb table of Mr. Chu Wang of Chu Shi", which is of great calligraphy value. Moved into the Confucius Temple for safekeeping on 1966.
Dazhong gate
After the Dazhong Gate, you enter the fourth courtyard of Confucius Temple. The courtyard is spacious, the ancient trees are lush, birds gather in summer, storks fly and cranes dance, egrets dance, magpies crow in winter and spring, and the faint crows crow at night, which is very deep.
Dazhong Gate, formerly known as Zhonghemen, is longer and narrower than Hong Men, with five rooms. Originally the gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt during Hongzhi period in Ming Dynasty, and this gate was built in Qing Dynasty. There is one on the left and right of the gate, which was built in the second year of Yuan to Shun (AD 133 1) to make the Confucius Temple majestic as a palace. There are three turrets, which are flat scales and stand on a square platform. There is a path inside the platform to get up and down. The northeast and northwest watchtowers of Wamiao form a huge rectangle for guarding.
Kuiwenge
When you enter the Dazhong Gate, you will meet Wentong Gate. The gatehouse is 5 rooms wide and 2 rooms deep, with a yellow tile resting on the top of the mountain and a sparse layout of the bucket arch. In the early Qing dynasty, this gate was once named "Sentongmen", but it was changed to this name after Shunzhi.
After Wentong Gate, a tall pavilion rises at the northern end of the courtyard, and a wooden plaque surrounded by dragons under the eaves reads the words "Kuiwen Pavilion". It is the Confucius Temple Library, which is famous at home and abroad for its rich collection of books and unique architecture.
Kuiwen Pavilion was founded in the second year of Song Tianxi (A.D. 10 18) and named as "Library Building". When it was rebuilt in the second year of Ming Chang (AD 1 19 1), Jin Zhangzong was renamed "Kuiwen Pavilion" and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty re-inscribed the tablet. "Kui" is a star name and one of the 28 places. There are 16 stars in the head of White Tiger Westward Journey, which is "hooked like a word", so the Book of Filial Piety is called "Wei Xiao", and later generations further evolved the star of Wei Xiao (Wei Xiao) into a civilian head. Later feudal emperors praised Confucius, so they named the library of Confucius Temple Kuiwenge.
Kuiwen Pavilion is 23.35m high, 30. 1 m wide and 7.62m deep. Located at the top of Huangwashe Mountain, with triple cornices and four floors. There are two layers inside, with a dark layer in the middle and a laminated frame. There is a bucket on the wooden post at the bottom, and an upper wooden post stands on the bucket. Kuiwen Pavilion is reasonable in structure, strong and abnormal. Since the reconstruction in the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (A.D. 1504), it has experienced ups and downs for hundreds of years and many earthquakes. Although the earthquake in Kangxi period made Qufu "nine rooms in the world fall down and one room is preserved", the solid circumstantial evidence of Kuiwen Pavilion is still intact and stands tall, and it is worthy of being one of the famous ancient wooden structures in China. The stone tablet that recorded the earthquake in Kangxi period in Tingxi Pavilion is conclusive circumstantial evidence of Kuiwen Pavilion. There are two stone tablets under the pavilion front porch, and there is "Kuiwen Pavilion Fu" in the east, which was written by Li Dongyang, a famous poet in Ming Dynasty, and by Qiao Zong, a famous calligrapher. In the west, the Book Record of Kuiwenge's Resettlement records the situation that the emperor ordered the Ritual Department to rebuild the collection of books during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty.
There are two imperial tablet pavilions in front of Kuiwen Pavilion, and there are four Ming Dynasty imperial tablets inside and outside the pavilion. Each building is more than 6 meters high and 2 meters wide, and the turtle under the monument is 1 meter high. The tablet is carved with dragons, circling around the sun, lifelike. The content of the inscription is mostly Zun Kong. "Rebuilding the Confucius Temple Monument" is open in the southeast. Founded by Ming Xianzong and Zhu Jianshen. The inscription strongly praised Confucius' thought, "I only know the way of Confucius, and those who win the world can't be short of one day." Regular script, with dignified style and rigorous structure, is famous for its exquisite calligraphy. The stone tablet was established in the fourth year of Chenghua (AD 1468), commonly known as "Chenghua Monument".
There is an independent courtyard on the east and west sides of this courtyard, which is called "Zhai Su", where worshippers fast and bathe before offering sacrifices to Confucius. The East Courtyard is the residence of the Duke of Feast. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong offered sacrifices and bathed Confucius here, also known as "Residency". There is an exhibition of Confucius' life story in the world. The abandoned West Courtyard in the middle of Qing Dynasty left only the courtyard. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, the seventieth generation grandson of Confucius collected more than 30 inscriptions/kloc-0 of Confucius Temple in the Song, Jin, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and renamed them "tablets" or "flowing and unrestrained". Still a vibrant Wen Ya; Or dignified and elegant, unpretentious Gu Zhuo; There are many fine products.
Shisan pavilion
Kuiwen Pavilion is the sixth courtyard of Confucius Temple. There are 13 stone pavilions in the hospital, which are divided into two rows, 8 in the south and 5 in the north. The eaves are high and the teeth are high, and the yellow tiles are shining. Thirteen stone pavilions were specially built to preserve the imperial stone tablets made by feudal emperors, commonly known as "imperial stone pavilions". There are 55 monuments in the museum, which were carved by Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Most of the inscriptions are the records of the emperor's memorial to Confucius, the worship of Confucius Temple, the sending of officials to sacrifice and the reconstruction of Confucius Temple. Engraved in Chinese, Basiba (Mongolian in Yuan Dynasty) and Manchu respectively.
The five stone pavilions in Daobei were built in the years of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Of the eight pavilions in Daonan, four were built in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, three in the East and six in the East were built in the sixth year of Jin Mingchang (A.D. 1 195), and the fourth pavilion was built in the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1268). Two square stone pavilions in the Jin Dynasty are bold and unconstrained, and the layout is sparse, which is the earliest existing building of Confucius Temple.
Most pavilions and stone tablets are made of animals and look like turtles instead of turtles. They are called "Bi xi" and are said to be the sons of dragons. Legend has it that the dragon gave birth to nine sons, each with his own skills and good load-bearing, so he used it to carry the monument. The earliest tablet pavilions are two Tang monuments, one is the Tang Dynasty Tai Sheng Lu Kong Monument established in the first year of Tang Gaozong (AD 668), and the other is the Lu Kong Kong Temple Monument established in the seventh year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 7 19). Both monuments are located in the sixth Jin Dynasty tablet pavilion from south to east. The largest stone tablet was erected in the 25th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1686), located in the third stone tablet pavilion from north to east. This monument weighs about 35 tons, and with the water tray below, it weighs about 65 tons. This stone was picked from the western hills of Beijing. Under the technical conditions at that time, it was remarkable that this stone could be safely transported to Qufu thousands of miles away.
There is a jungle-like stone tablet in the southeast and southwest of this hospital. There are also a large number of stone carvings embedded in Zhulan on the north wall, which were carved by emperors and ministers after repairing, sacrificing and sacrificing the temple. For example, from the perspective of calligraphy art, the real cursive seal script has its own advantages. In addition, there are several stone tablets that record the peasant uprisings of the Red Scarf Army in the late Yuan Dynasty, Liu Liu, Liu Qi in the middle Ming Dynasty and Xu Hongru in the late Ming Dynasty, which are precious historical materials for studying the history of peasant revolution.
On both sides of the Thirteen Monuments Pavilion, there are Cui Yumen in the east and Guande Gate in the west for people to enter and leave. People call it East Gate and Xihua Gate according to the name of the palace. This is the third side door of Confucius Temple.