Wang Anshi was born in the fifth year of Tianxi (1021 AD) and died in the first year of Yuanyou (1086 AD). The character introduction is Wang Anshi
Fu, whose late name is Banshan, with a small character of Badger Lang, a posthumous title, and the title of Duke of Jing. He is also known as Wang Jinggong and Mr. Linchuan in the world. A native of Linchuan in the Song Dynasty (now a native of Shangchi Natural Village, Dongxiang County, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer, reformer, and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties (Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, and Ouyang Xiu). He has made outstanding achievements in the literature of the Northern Song Dynasty. His poems "learned from Du's poems, which made him thin and strong". He was good at reasoning and rhetoric, good at using allusions, his style was powerful and powerful, his insights were brilliant, and he also had works with deep emotion and grace. He is the author of "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan", "Collected Works of Wang Linchuan", "Collections of Linchuan Collection", etc. From official to prime minister, he advocated reform. The poems "Yuanri" and "Plum Blossom" are the most famous.
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Jinxi citizen Fang Zhong (Zhong, referring to the second eldest child in the family) Yong, has been a farmer for a long time. In the fifth year of Zhong Yongsheng's reign, he didn't know any writing utensils, so he suddenly asked for them. The father was different, so he borrowed something from someone nearby, wrote four lines of poetry, and gave it his own name. His poems are about raising parents and bringing in the family, and they are passed on to the scholars in the township. Naturally, it refers to those who write poems about things and their literary and scientific aspects are impressive. The people of the town were curious about him, and they would visit his father for a while, or beg (some versions call him "beggar") with coins. My father benefited from this, and he went to Pan Zhongyong to pay homage to the people in the city and not to learn from him. I have heard about it for a long time. In the Ming Dynasty, when the ancestors returned home and saw them at the uncle's house, they were twelve or three years old. When I write poems, I cannot call them what I heard at that time. Seven years later, he returned from Yangzhou and went to his uncle's house to ask about it. He said: "Everyone is gone." The prince said: Zhong Yong's enlightenment is the result of heaven's acceptance. The heaven that accepts it is that the wise are far away from the talented people. If the death is for everyone, then it will not be suffered by others. The heaven that accepts it is like this, and it is a virtuous person who does not accept it, but it is for everyone; now, the heaven that does not accept it, is for everyone, and the people who do not accept it, it is just for everyone?
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Fang Zhongyong, a villager in Jinxi County, has been farming for generations. Zhongyong grew up to five years old, and had never known pen, ink, paper or inkstone. (One day) he suddenly cried and asked for these things. His father was surprised by this and borrowed it from a neighbor. Zhongyong immediately wrote four lines of poetry and added his name on it. This poem, with the content of supporting parents and uniting people of the same clan, was sent to the entire township for viewing. From then on, if he was asked to write poems with designated items, he could finish them immediately. The poems' literary grace and truth are worthy of appreciation. People in the same county thought this was unusual, and gradually treated his father like a guest. Some people even paid Fang Zhongyong to write poems for him. His father thought it was profitable, so he took Zhongyong around to visit people in the same county every day and refused to let him study. I've been hearing this for a long time. During the Ming Dynasty, I followed my late father back to my hometown and met him at my uncle's house. He was twelve or thirteen years old. Let (him) compose poetry, (the poems he writes can no longer match his former reputation). Another seven years later, (I) came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house again. Asked about Fang Zhongyong, I replied: "His talents have completely disappeared and he has become an ordinary person." Wang Anshi said: "Zhongyong's intelligence and wisdom He is gifted. His talent is much higher than that of ordinary talented people. He eventually became an ordinary person because he was not educated. People who are naturally smart like him are not educated. Education is necessary to become an ordinary person; then, those who are not born smart and are ordinary people, and do not receive acquired education, may not be able to become an ordinary person, right?" Selected: Lu Jiao Edition "Shang Zhongyong", the 12th text in the second volume of the sixth grade; Lesson 5 of the first unit of the second volume of the seventh grade "Shang Zhongyong" published by the People's Education Press; the first volume of the seventh grade Chinese textbook published by Shanghai Education Press (first semester of the first grade of junior high school) Lesson 4 of Unit 1 "Growth Chronicle"; Lesson 5 of Volume 2 of Chinese Language for Grade 7 of Jiangsu Education Press.
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Explanation of the sentence
1. The father is different, so he is related by being close to him. Translation: My father was surprised, so he borrowed pen and ink from his neighbor to give to Zhongyong.
2. Named after himself, his poems are about raising parents and bringing in the family. Translation: And he signed his name after the poem. The content of his poem is to support his parents and unite the clan. 3. Since he refers to objects and composes poems, his literary and scientific works are impressive. Translation: From then on, as long as someone designated something (asking him) to write a poem, Zhongyong would immediately complete it. The literary grace and truth of his poems are worthy of appreciation. 4. The people of the city are curious about him, and they invite his father for a little while, or beg him with coins. The people in the same town were surprised, and gradually he treated his father like a guest. Some people used money for Zhong Yong's poems and asked for Zhong Yong's poems. 5. My father benefited from this, and Zhongyong paid homage to the people of the city and did not let him learn. Translation: His father thought this was profitable, so he forced Zhongyong to visit his fellow villagers every day and refused to let him study. 6. It cannot be said that it was heard in the past. Translation: It can no longer match its former reputation. Special sentence patterns 1. Omitted sentences: (The words in bold in brackets are the omitted parts of the sentence) ① Don’t let (it) learn ② Make (it) write poetry ③ Receive it (from) Heaven ④ (The remainder) return from Yangzhou 7 .The crowd is gone! Translation: Zhongyong’s talents have completely disappeared and he has become an ordinary person. Minran: disappear. Refers to the complete disappearance of the original characteristics. Ran: the appearance of... 8. Return from Yangzhou (inverted sentence) Modern word order: Return from Yangzhou (adverbial postposition), come back from Yangzhou. 2. Explanation of words
Content words
1. hurt: feel sad for... 2. min: common people 3. generation: generation 4. subordinate: subordinate 5. plow: cultivate Tian 6. Health: grow to 7. Years: years old 8. Wei: not 9. Taste: once 10. Knowledge: know 11. Books: writing tools (pen, ink, paper, inkstone, etc.). Book, write (noun as verb) 12. Suddenly: suddenly 13. Cry: cry out loud 14. Ask for: want 15. Different: feel surprised (surprised) at... (here refers to Zhongyong asking for writing tools from him) 16 . Yan: He refers to Zhongyong 17. Borrow from nearby: Borrow from nearby.
Nearby, nearby, here refers to neighbors 18. With: give 19. That is: immediately, immediately 20. Book: write, write 21. And: and 22. From: myself 23. For: inscribe 24. Name: name 25. Its : this 26. to: to 27. to nourish: to support, to support 28. to receive: to unite 29. to: to treat as, as 30. to mean: to mean 31. to pass on: to transmit 32. one: to whole 33. to watch: to watch 34. to: from 35. is: this 36. refers to: designates 37. makes: writes 38. establishes: immediately 39. ends: completes 42. its: it, generation poem 43. Wen: literary talent 44. reason: principle 45. both: both 46 . Can: worthy 47. View: watch 48. Person: the place (aspect) of... 49. Yiren: people from the same county 50. Qi: surprised by... 51. Zhi: refers to Zhongyong's talent 52. Slightly : Gradually 53. Guest: Treat his (Fang Zhongyong) father with the etiquette of a guest, guest, noun as an adverbial 54. His: His, on behalf of Zhongyong 55. Or: Some people 56. To: Use 57. Beg: Ask for 58. Zhi: It, Dai Shi 59. Li: It is advantageous to... 60. Qi: This 61. Ran: This way 62. Day: Every day 63. Pull: Through "climb", pull, this refers to strong pulling 64 . Ring: everywhere, everywhere (all, all over) 65. Ye: visit 66. Envoy: let 67. Yu: first person pronoun, I 68. Wen: hear, hear 69. Zhi: it, on behalf of this matter 70. From: follow 71. Ancestor: refers to Wang Anshi's dead father 72. Return: return 73. Yu: in 74. Order: let 75. Make: write 76. Call: conform to, quite 77. time: time 78. of: 79. hear: hearsay 80. return: return 81. since: from 82. reply: again, again 83. ask: inquire 84. annihilate: completely 85. ran: the appearance of...
Function words
p>86. 矣: 了 87. 之: 88. Tong: understand 89. Enlightenment: wisdom 90. Feeling: bear 91. 的: it, on behalf of enlightenment 92. 天: innate 93. 之: it, On behalf of talent 94. Xian: surpass; exceed 95. Yu: than 96. Material: same as "talent", ability 97. Far: big gap 98. Death: final 99. Zhi: modal particle, can not be translated 100. as: become 101. Then: that is 102. Qi: He, Dai Zhongyong 103. Yu: by 104. Zhe: not translated 105. To: reach 106. Bi Qi: Him (he: him; Qi: him; agree with the compound word) 107. Such as: like 108. this: like this 109. its: not translated 110. virtuous: wise 111. zhi: it, generation of education 112. and: still 113. today: now 114. husband: not translated (those) 115. solid : Originally 116. Got: able 117. Already: stopped 118. Yes: expresses rhetorical question, equivalent to "what" and "what" 119. Ming Dao: The reign name of Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen) (1032-1033) 120. Ancestors : This refers to the author’s dead father 121. Hearings from the past: Rumors from the past 122. Li Qiran: Thinking this is beneficial 123. Guest to his father: Treat his father with the etiquette of a guest
Zhong The three stages of Yong
① Self refers to the poetry written about objects, and its literature and science are appreciable; enlightenment (infancy) ② Order to write poetry, it cannot be said to have been heard in the past. (12 or 13 years old) ③ Lost to everyone.
(Youth, today)
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Jinxi Min/Fang Zhongyong, Shi Ligeng. Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years and had no knowledge of books or utensils. Suddenly he cried for him, and his father asked him to borrow him from a nearby place. He then wrote four lines of a poem and gave him his own name. His poems/are about raising parents and bringing in the clan/, and they are passed down/viewed by the talented people/in a township. . Since/it refers to objects and composes poems/it is done immediately, and its literary and scientific aspects/are all impressive. The people of the town were curious about him, and they invited his father to visit him, or begged him with coins. My father was interested in learning. Zhongyong visited the people around the city and refused to learn. I have heard about it for a long time. In the Ming Dao, when the ancestors returned home and met their uncle's family, it was twelve or three years ago. The poems written cannot be described as what I heard in the past. In the seventh year, he returned from Yangzhou and came back to his uncle's house to ask about it. He said, "Everyone is gone." The prince said, "Zhong Yong's enlightenment is the gift of heaven." The heaven that accepts it is far better than the talented people. If he dies for everyone, then he will not be accepted by others. The heaven that accepts it is like the virtuous one. Those who do not accept it can do it for everyone. Now the heaven that does not accept it is for everyone, and those who do not accept it can do it for everyone. ?
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To understand the topic
"Shang" means "feeling sad for..." [idea usage ]. It reveals the author's regret for a child prodigy who was eventually lost to everyone, emphasizing the importance of acquired education to talent. "Shang Zhongyong" is selected from "The Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" (Zhonghua Book Company 1959 edition) "Shang" has three meanings. The first meaning is to feel sorry for a genius like Zhong Yong who finally became an ordinary person. The second meaning is to feel sad for people like Zhong Yong’s father who do not pay attention to acquired education and have backward thinking. I feel sad for those who are not as talented as Zhong Yong and do not accept the education they have acquired. In the end, they are not as good as ordinary people and repeat Zhong Yong's mistakes.
Principle of the article
Fang Zhongyong’s intelligence and talent are much higher than those of ordinary people, but he eventually became an ordinary person, which is deplorable. Being able to become talented is related to talent, but also to the education you receive and your own learning. We must learn, emphasizing the importance of acquired learning to talent, and criticizing the environment that eliminates talents. It also corresponds to a sentence of Confucius: "Learning without thinking is useless; thinking without learning is peril."
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If a person learns, he will not learn. If you advance, you will retreat. ① People are learning, and if they do not advance, they will retreat. If you study alone without friends, you will be lonely ② and difficult to succeed; if you stay in one place for a long time ③, you will become accustomed to it without realizing it. Unfortunately, if you are in a remote area ⑤ and have no means of carriage or horse ⑥, you should ⑦ learn to interrogate ⑧ and consult with the ancients ⑨ to find out what is right and wrong. If you are a commoner, you can get fifty or six out of ten. If you neither leave home nor study, you will be a person who faces the wall (11). Although Zi Gao and Yuan Xian are virtuous (12), they will ultimately be of no use to the world.
Word annotations
① Selected from "Books with Friends", author Gu Yanwu. ②Lonely: knowledge and knowledge are shallow. ③square; place. ④ Habit: To be infected with a certain habit. Habit: contamination. ⑤Remote areas: Poverty-stricken and remote places. ⑥ Capital: Expenses. ⑦Judang: It should be. ⑧Interrogation: Detailed examination. ⑨The ancients and Ji: consistent with the ancients. Ji: Together. ⑩ Shu (sh)): Almost. (11) Facing the wall: Facing the wall means seeing nothing. (12) Zi Gao, Yuan Xian’s wise men: Zi Gao, Yuan Xian’s wise men. Zigao, also known as Gaochai, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period of Wei; Yuan Xian, whose courtesy name was Zisi, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period of Lu. Both of them were students of Confucius.
Poetry Translation
When people study (or do knowledge), if they cannot make progress every day, they have to retreat every day. If you study alone without friends (exchange and inspire each other), you will inevitably have shallow knowledge and difficulty in success; if you live in one place for a long time, you will unknowingly contract certain habits. If you are unfortunate enough to live in a remote area and do not have the money to hire a carriage or horse, you should still study extensively, study in detail, and be consistent with the ancients to find out what is right and what is wrong in your study. In this way, you can almost get ten percent. Five or six (harvest). If you neither go out (to learn from teachers and friends) nor study, you are an uneducated person. Even if you have talents like Zi Gao and Yuan Xian, you will ultimately be of no use to society.
Appreciation
This short article talks about the principles of people's study. A person strives to make progress in learning. If he cannot move forward, he will inevitably retreat. The article discusses the issue of "If you don't advance every day, you will retreat every day" from three aspects. The first is "If you study alone without friends, you will be lonely and difficult to achieve"; the second is "If you stay in one place for a long time, you will get accustomed to it without realizing it"; the third is "Unfortunately, if you are in a remote area and have no means of carriage and horse, you should still be erudite and interrogated. ..." The article then assumes from "neither leaving home nor studying" that if this is the case, even if there are "wise men like Zigao and Yuan Xian", they will "be of no use to the world."
Edit my thoughts after reading this paragraph
After reading Mr. Wang Anshi's "Shang Zhongyong", I was deeply touched. Fang Zhongyong, a genius, would eventually become an ordinary person. , do we only have pity and sympathy for his experience? I'm afraid there should be some criticism from Fang Zhongyong's father and the people of the county. They lost a talent to the society for their own small interests. Is the harm this causes to society more important than our own interests? The purpose of Wang Anshi writing this article should not only be this, but also his views on genius. Genius, as the name suggests: a person who has received talent from God. Geniuses are, of course, much better than ordinary people. With a little education and study, they can become rare talents in society. But why did Fang Zhongyong finally become an ordinary person. Even worse than ordinary people? This is because he has not received acquired education, has not made progress, and is just standing still, while others are working hard and making progress, and in the end he will only be surpassed. Natural talent is important, but acquired education is also essential. Without acquired education, no matter how good the talent is, it will be wasted. On the contrary, an ordinary person, through his continuous efforts, may also make a great contribution to society. To make progress, you should study diligently. The ancients said: "The best in work is diligence." Diligent study is the mother of success. Diligence can make up for clumsiness. Almost wise, among the successful people in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, which one achieved success without diligent study and received praise and admiration from the world? Wang Xianzhi "used up three jars of water, and became a bit like Xizhi" and eventually became a great calligrapher. The French writer Flaubert's study window faced the Seine River. Because the light was transparent all night long, he was used as a fishing lantern by boatmen. His understanding of genius was "Genius is nothing more than long-term patience, work hard!" Eventually he became a great writer. None of them are born smart. Their talents are not necessarily better than Fang Zhongyong. The source of their success lies in their patience and diligence. Genius lies in accumulation over time, and wisdom lies in continuous study. No matter how talented a person is, if he does not study diligently, he will not be able to achieve a great career. It is even difficult to support oneself; a person with average talent will definitely produce results if he studies diligently and works hard. Studying hard is an indispensable part of success. Maybe we are not geniuses, but let us start now, study hard and diligently, and we will be able to do something great.
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Overall grasp
This article uses the example of Fang Zhongyong to illustrate the importance of acquired education to talent development. The article is divided into two parts: the narrative part writes that Fang Zhongyong was extremely talented when he was a child, but because his father "did not learn", he eventually "disappeared from everyone" and became mediocre; the discussion part expresses the author's opinion and points out that Fang Zhongyong's talent has declined. It is because "he who is influenced by others will never come to him", which emphasizes the importance of acquired education. The article illustrates the principle of universal reference significance through the example of Fang Zhongyong, giving people profound thinking. The language of this article is very precise. The narrative part completely describes Fang Zhongyong's transformation process from the age of five to twenty in only 234 words. The discussion part is only more than 70 words. Every word and sentence in the article has its exact meaning. Express a role, not a dispensation.
The author believes that "Zhongyong's enlightenment" is the "Heaven of Acceptance", and the reason for the decline of his talents is that "those who are not as talented as others will not be able to receive it", and it also leads to the fact that if people who are not as talented as Fang Zhongyong are not "accepted by others", the results will be worse. Unimaginable emotion. This passage discusses matters and advances step by step, clarifying the relationship between "the heaven that receives" and "the person who receives", which makes people deeply feel the importance of "the person who receives". The "teaching nature" mentioned by the author refers to human talent; the "receiving person" refers to acquired education. The author believes that between the two, the latter is more important, that is, acquired education is crucial to a person's success. This view is undoubtedly correct. It should be noted here that "the person who receives it" refers to the acquired education that a person receives, rather than the person's own acquired learning and subjective efforts (Fang Zhongyong has no way to learn or work hard because his father "does not learn"). This is Two different questions, and the latter is not within the topic of this article. But we can be inspired by it, which is helpful for us to understand the relationship between people's talent, acquired learning and subjective efforts.
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1. Collecting clans: Zheng Xuan’s note in "Ritual and Mourning Clothes": "The one who collects clans means leaving relatives and strangers, and the preface is Zhao Mu." "Book of Rites" · Da Zhuan" Kong Yingda Zhengyi: "If the clan members are scattered and their flesh and blood are alienated, the ancestral temple will not be solemn. If the clan members are scattered and their flesh and blood are separated, then the ancestral temple will not be solemn. If they are collected, the relatives will not be separated and the family will be respected, and the ancestral temple will be dignified. "So, "reuniting the tribe" means: uniting the tribesmen in order of superiority and inferiority, as well as closeness and distance, so that they will not be separated. Fang Zhongyong's experimental work is "with the intention of raising parents and bringing in the family". "Adopting parents" is an expression of "filial piety", and "adopting clan" is an expression of "benevolence". It was remarkable in the feudal era that a five-year-old child could have such ambitions. Therefore, it is no wonder that in addition to praising it, people also specially sent this poem to local scholars to read and let them evaluate it. 2. It is said that a township’s scholars viewed it as follows: “Xiucai” was a term for ordinary scholars in the Tang and Song dynasties, which was different from the students who passed the county examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties. "One township" means the whole township. This sentence should be understood as being spread to all the scholars in the township, not just to a certain scholar. 3. Compose poems referring to objects: that is, "poems chanting objects". In the past, when children were trained to write poems, they often designated an object as the title. They were required to describe the characteristics of the object in the poem and express certain thoughts and feelings. This was the initial training for poetry. 4. In the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors returned home: "Ming Dao", the reign name of Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1032~1033). "Ancestor" is the name given to his late father. Note: Wang Anshi's father's name was good, but his courtesy name was bad. In the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), he knew Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) as a palace minister. Three years later, Ding You resigned and returned home, and Wang Anshi (13 years old at the time) accompanied him. According to this, the property was returned in the second year of Ming Dynasty (1033). In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), Wang Yi died in Tongxing Ren in Jiangning (now part of Jiangsu Province). Wang Anshi wrote this article in the third year of Qingli (1043), so it is called "ancestor"! !
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Usage of function words The word has multiple meanings
The function word "zhi" 1. Suddenly cry for it - pronoun, writing tool. 2. To use something nearby - personal pronoun, he, Zhongyong. 3. A poem written by Zhong Yong, which conveys the view of a scholar in a township. 4. The people in the city are strange - pronoun, he, Zhongyong. 5. Or beg for it with coins - Pronoun, Zhongyong's poem. 6. I have heard about it for a long time - pronoun, Zhongyong's thing. 7. Met him at his uncle's house - pronoun, he, Zhongyong. 8. It cannot be called what we heard in the past - the particle. 9. The Heaven of Receiving - pronoun, enlightenment. 10. The person who receives it - both words and words. 11. Zhongyong paid homage to the people in the city on the day of the day - preposition, arrive. 12. Met at uncle's house - preposition, in. 13. A wise man is far away from his talent - preposition, comparison. 14. Those who suffer from others will not come - preposition, be. Function word "yu" 1. Visit the people in the city - arrive, preposition 2. See him at his uncle's house - in, preposition
Using parts of speech
1. The people in the city are strange - Surprised by..., adjective verb as verb. 2. A guest's father - treat... as a guest, and gradually treat... with the courtesy of a guest, noun as verb.
3. Benefit from it - think that... is profitable, noun as verb. 4. Shang Zhongyong - sad, regretful, adjective as verb. Feel sorry for...