The poem says:
The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty,
The people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned.
But the dragon city flying general is here,
He will not teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountain.
Creation background: "Out of the Fortress" was written by Wang Changling when he went to the Western Regions in his early years. "Out of the Fortress" is an old Yuefu title. The era in which Wang Changling lived was at the height of the Tang Dynasty. During this period, the Tang Dynasty won many victories in foreign wars, and the nation's self-confidence was extremely strong. The works of frontier poets can often reflect an impassioned and upward spirit and the spirit of defeating the enemy. Strong confidence. At the same time, frequent frontier fortress wars have also overwhelmed the people and yearned for peace. "Out of the Fortress" reflects the people's desire for peace.
Literary Appreciation: The poem starts with describing the scenery. The first sentence of the seven words "the moon is bright in the Qin Dynasty and the pass in the Han Dynasty" shows a magnificent picture: a bright moon, shining on the border pass. The poet only used broad brushstrokes to outline the scene without making detailed descriptions, but it just showed the outline of the border and the depression of the scenery, rendering a lonely and desolate atmosphere. What is particularly wonderful is that the poet used the three words "Qin and Han Dynasties" in front of "moon" and "pass" to modify the picture of the moon approaching the pass, turning it into a picture in time, giving the border pass thousands of miles a long history. A sense of history. This is a "magic stroke" that came from the poet's deep thinking about the long-term frontier war.
Faced with such a scene, people around them were moved by the scene, and naturally thought of the countless people who dedicated themselves to the frontier since the Qin and Han Dynasties and never returned until death. "The people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned", which also points out the remoteness of the border fortress from a spatial perspective. The "people" here refer to both the soldiers who have died in the battle and the soldiers who are still guarding and unable to return. "The people have not returned", firstly, it shows that the border defense is not strong, and secondly, it expresses sympathy for the soldiers. These are two aspects of the same problem, the former is the cause and the latter is the effect. This is a big problem that has not been solved from Qin to Han and even to the Tang Dynasty. So in the third and fourth sentences, the poet gave the answer.
"But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and they will not teach Huma to cross the Yin Mountains", integrating lyricism and discussion, directly inspiring the border guards' desire to consolidate border defense and their ambition to defend the country, overflowing with emotion. Patriotic passion and national pride. It is written with great momentum and sonorous force. At the same time, these two sentences are ironic, expressing the poet's dissatisfaction with the improper employment of the court and the corruption and incompetence of the generals. There are extraneous sounds that make people think endlessly.
Although this poem only has four short lines, it expresses complex content through the description of the border scenery and the psychology of conscripts. It not only expresses strong sympathy for the soldiers who have been garrisoned for a long time and the desire to end this situation of indifference in border defense; it also reveals dissatisfaction with the imperial court's inability to select talents. At the same time, it focuses on the overall situation and recognizes the justice of war, so personal interests are subordinated. In order to meet the needs of national security, he issued a vow to "not teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountains", which was filled with patriotic passion.
The poet did not describe the scenery of the frontier fortress in detail. He just selected a typical picture from the conquest life to reveal the inner world of the soldiers. Scenery description is just a means to depict the characters' thoughts and feelings. Han, Guan, Qin and Yue are all integrated into the scenery and soaked with the characters' emotions. The complex content is cast into four lines of poetry, which is deep, implicit and thought-provoking.
The word "Qin" above is not well written. If I write it again, I feel it is better than the one above.