China currency originated in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and was unified in Qin Dynasty.
By using natural tools (seashells, stone shells), there were metal coins about three thousand years ago. Before the Warring States period, imitation coins were used for a long time, such as imitation tools (metal casting tools) and imitation farm tools (empty cloth). ) and imitation knife cutting coins (all kinds of knife cutting coins).
From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, China coins gradually changed from imitation to unification, thus creating another currency period named after weight names such as Banliang and Wuzhu. From the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu to the end of Qing Dynasty, * * * counted as 129 1 year, money was no longer named by weight, but was renamed as the title of emperors of past dynasties.
Beijing Jiaozi is the earliest paper money in the world. Beijing, Jin, Yuan and Lang were used in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the Qing dynasty, copper coins and silver coins began to circulate. The monetary system of feudal society in China in past dynasties was very complicated, and the currencies circulating at the same time in past dynasties varied from time to time and from place to place due to the change of political situation.
Coins can be divided into big money, small money, official speculation, private casting, and Xiaoping (that is, when a penny), when two, when three, when five, when ten, until when five thousand. It is also a small flat money, which is divided into big, big, small and small.
There are also different situations such as back cover, cover, trimming, edging, text matching, reading, rotating reading and rewriting. According to the nature of money, there are many kinds of money, such as valuing money, bidding money, keeping money, saving money, playing money, temple fair money, withdrawing money, arahant money, matching money, selecting money, ancestral money and so on.
The size, casting location, official casting and private casting, Qian Wen font, shape and nature of ancient coins are all different, and their values vary greatly, ranging from several times or even dozens to hundreds of times. For example, in Jin Dynasty, the small money of Taihe Bao Tong was priced at 4,500 yuan, and the second type of Taihe Bao Tong was priced at 2,000 yuan. Another example is the Ming Dynasty Yongle Bao Tong penny pricing 6 yuan, the third Yongle Bao Tong is an orphan, pricing 80,000 yuan.
Bao Tong in Kaiyuan, Huichang, Tang Dynasty was marked with "Jing" and "Yong" at a price of 65,438+0,000 yuan. Xianfeng Bao Tong ordinary small flat money is only marked with 2 yuan money, while the price of iron mother is 2500 yuan, and the price of carved mother is 8000 yuan.
2. Common sense of ancient coins
China currency originated in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and was unified in Qin Dynasty. By using natural tools (seashells, stone shells), there were metal coins about three thousand years ago. Before the Warring States period, imitation coins were used for a long time, such as imitation tools (metal casting tools) and imitation farm tools (empty cloth). ) and imitation knife cutting coins (all kinds of knife cutting coins). From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, China coins gradually changed from imitation to unification, thus creating another currency period named after weight names such as Banliang and Wuzhu. From the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu to the end of Qing Dynasty, * * * counted as 129 1 year, money was no longer named by weight, but was renamed as the title of emperors of past dynasties. Beijing Jiaozi is the earliest paper money in the world. Beijing, Jin, Yuan and Lang were used in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Qing dynasty, copper coins and silver coins began to circulate.
The monetary system of feudal society in China in past dynasties was very complicated, and the currencies circulating at the same time in past dynasties varied from time to time and from place to place due to the change of political situation. Coins can be divided into big money, small money, official speculation, private casting, and Xiaoping (that is, when a penny), when two, when three, when five, when ten, until when five thousand. It is also a small flat money, which is divided into big, big, small and small. There are also different situations such as back cover, cover, trimming, edging, text matching, reading, rotating reading and rewriting. According to the nature of money, there are many kinds of money, such as valuing money, bidding money, keeping money, saving money, playing money, temple money, withdrawing money, arhat money, matching money, choosing money, ancestor money and so on. The size, casting location, official casting and private casting, Qian Wen font, shape and nature of ancient coins are all different, and their values vary greatly, ranging from several times or even dozens to hundreds of times. For example, in Jin Dynasty, the small money of Taihe Bao Tong was priced at 4,500 yuan, and the second type of Taihe Bao Tong was priced at 2,000 yuan. Another example is the Ming Dynasty Yongle Bao Tong penny pricing 6 yuan, the third Yongle Bao Tong is an orphan, pricing 80,000 yuan. Bao Tong in Kaiyuan, Huichang, Tang Dynasty was marked with "Jing" and "Yong" at a price of 65,438+0,000 yuan. Xianfeng Bao Tong ordinary small flat money is only marked with 2 yuan money, while the price of iron mother is 2500 yuan, and the price of carved mother is 8000 yuan.
3. Introduction to Coin Knowledge
The collection and appreciation of ancient coins need to master a lot of knowledge, including currency history, numerology, archaeology, epigraphy and cultural relics, ancient Chinese and so on. Some coins look ordinary, but they are actually treasures. Experts can easily get treasures from sellers who don't know much about the value of ancient coins.
Here are some basic knowledge. First, the ancient coins are cast, and the mold is shaped like a big tree. This method of minting coins is called "cash cow".
A large number of coins are of low value. Because the mold is carved by hand, it is inevitable that there will be omissions, and the missed version and trial casting have become treasures.
Second, according to the rarity of all kinds of coins and the current market situation of coin collection, contemporary numerologists divide ancient coins into ten grades, namely, the first grade is rare, the second grade is rare, the third grade is rare, the fourth grade is rare, the fifth grade is rare, the sixth grade is rare, the seventh grade is rare, the eighth grade is rare, the ninth grade is more, and the tenth grade is more extensive. Third, the appearance of coins can be summarized into five evaluation criteria: beauty, proximity, beauty, beauty, beauty and beauty.
1 beauty means that the front and back contours of money are complete and clear; Close to beauty means that there are slight deviations or tiny cracks in the front and back outlines of coins, or there are tiny leaks in the paper. At the same time, the tiny adhesion or confusion caused by the wear and tear of casting and use in Qian Wen is also close to beauty; 3, indicating that there are defects and loopholes visible to the naked eye on the front and back of Zheng Qian, but it does not hurt Qian Wen; 4 Near the top, it means that the defects, cracks and holes on the front and back of the coin are obvious, resulting in one or two broken pens in Qian Wen. 5 There is not much collection value.
4. There are many kinds of coins, 1, and shell coins, also called tooth shells, are made of brine shells polished and punched by tropical seawater. It is generally milky white, and the size is basically the same.
Northern coins began in the Yin Dynasty, when they were a valuable commodity, and their use played an important role in the currency history of China after Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. There are roughly six kinds of coin shells: coin shells, jujube shells, mink shells, Abend shells, large and small hole shells and back grinding shells.
2. Qin Banliang, also called Er Coin, was cast by Qin Shihuang and was the only coin in the country at that time. Qin half two outer circles are inside, high above, simple and vigorous.
3. One coin, also known as one gold, one hair and one ring coin, is a copper round currency that appeared in the middle of the Warring States Period. This kind of coin is simple to make and easy to carry, which is better than cloth coin, and circular currency will eventually replace cloth coin.
There are round holes and square holes in the middle of coins, and those with round holes have no Guo; There are Guo around the square hole. Its weight is about 12g.
Liuquan belongs to the best of Wang Mang's coins in the Western Han Dynasty and is valued by collectors. These six springs are: Koizumi Neichi, Yaoquan 10, Youquan 20, Zhongquan 30, Zhuangquan 40 and Daquan 50.
This Zhuangquan and Zhongquan are rare in the world, and the complete set is priceless. There are five baht in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, among which the Eastern Han Dynasty is more famous.
This money was first cast in the fifth year of Emperor founding ceremony. It has a square round hole with a narrow outline, a diameter of 2.5 cm and a weight of 3.4-3.5 grams. Five baht is lighter and more delicate than Qin Banliang.
But long-term circulation, the number is extremely large, so it is worthless. 6. Cloth coins were popular in the Warring States period, and the characters on them were complicated, ranging from one word to four words, exceeding 100.
Early cloth coins were mostly used for loading handles, that is, short, heavy cloth, round foot cloth, flat foot cloth, pointed foot cloth, three-hole cloth and other currencies, but the face words were not the same, so there was no difference in versions. Among them, the shape of the three holes is very unique, such as head circle, shoulder circle and foot circle. The head and foot of the cloth each have a hole, so it is called three-hole cloth.
Moreover, there are many words that superficially remember Zhao's place name. Later, cloth coins were extended to Qin, Zhou, Jin, Song, Shandong, Yan and other countries.
7. Jin Cuodao is also known as the "wrong knife". The antique knife coins with high face value were cast by Wang Mang in the second year of the Giant Snake.
Figures are like knives, made of bronze. The blade is cast with three characters of "Ping 5,000" and the ring is inlaid with gold with two characters of "One knife", which means that the knife can be used as 5,000 yuan. 8. Make money, Ming and Qing copper coins.
Because its form, text, weight and color are all customized, it is called making money. 9. Yuanbao, the word "Yuanbao" was first used in the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong.
In the Yuan Dynasty, ingots began to circulate in the form of silver ingots, usually with the name of the time and place where the silversmith cast them. 10. Knife coins evolved from fishing and hunting tools in the Spring and Autumn Period.
It usually consists of three parts: a long and narrow arc blade, a slotted handle and a ring at the end of the handle. It can be divided into needle knife, pointed knife, flat knife, round knife and flat knife.
Qi is the main country that uses knife coins. Qi's knife coins are thick and delicate, and his calligraphy is beautiful. Yandao coin device is thin in shape, wide in body, complicated on the back, and has the word "Ming" on the surface, so it is called Ming Dow. Zhao's knife coin is a straight round head. Nowadays, they are mostly called straight knives and round-headed knives, and there are many fakes. 1 1, the money awarded by Kaiyuan Bao Tong and Tang Gaozu Li Yuan after the abolition of five baht is one or two times heavier, which is the origin of the one or two money system in China's monetary system.
His facial official script "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" was written by Ou Yangxun, a calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty, and the font is correct and powerful. The production outline is deep, exquisite and unique, which is very precious.
The appearance of Kaiyuan Money announced the end of the two currencies, Banliang and Wuzhu, which have been circulating for more than 800 years since Qin Dynasty, and the word "Bao Tong" was used by successive dynasties. 12. Duiqian, also known as Duiqian and Duiqian, means that the Qian Wen, size, internal and external contours, thickness and copper of the same coin are exactly the same, but different characters are used, but the fonts and strokes are still consistent with each other, so it can become a double coin, also known as Hehe Money.
Duiqian began in the Southern Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. The "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" cast in the Southern Tang Dynasty was equipped with seals and official seals, which created a precedent for money.
In addition, coins such as Tiansheng, Ming Dow, Yuanfeng, Xining, Zhenghe, Zhonghe and Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty can be used correctly. 13, Zhao Na Ding Xin, with three kinds of coins, copper, silver and gold, was cast by Liu Guangshi in the early Southern Song Dynasty to surrender the rebels.
Qian Wen read it around, with the word "teacher" and a note on the back. Because it is not a currency in circulation, it has been handed down very little.
This is one of the most precious coins in the world. 5. The older the collection, the higher the value may not be.
For example, the price of ordinary commodities today is only 2 to 5 yuan, while the price of coins in Ming Dynasty is generally higher than that in Han Dynasty. For example, Hongzhi Bao Tong and Xuande Bao Tong in Ming Dynasty are all above 10 yuan. Another example is "Jingkang Bao Tong", which is a treasure of the Song Dynasty, and each piece is worth hundreds to thousands of dollars. However, after the fall of Chengdu in the late Ming Dynasty, the price of "Appreciation of the West King" written by Zhang has reached 25,000 yuan.
Don't try to collect all coins made in a dynasty. For example, although the price of five baht in Han dynasty is low, it has been more than 300 years in Han dynasty.
4. Little knowledge about coin collection
Collection is a kind of culture and a kind of liking. No matter what you buy, as long as you like it, it has collection value. The main value of coin collection for us is shown in the following aspects: cultural relics and appreciation value, potential investment value, currency is a historical witness of a country's economic development, and it is also a small art. The collection value is self-evident, and RMB is the crystallization of art and value. Small ticket patterns contain rich cultural connotations and potential knowledge of humanities, history, geography, nationality and aesthetics. In this sense, collecting coins is also the absorption and learning of knowledge. As far as the three sets of RMB are concerned, they reflect the great achievements of the new China, the elegant demeanor of workers, peasants, soldiers, businessmen, students, soldiers and other industries with distinctive characteristics of the times, the vastness of the great motherland Wan Li, and the colorful ethnic customs of China, a multi-ethnic country ... Look at the majestic charm of the first Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge across the Yangtze River in China shown in the front of the 20-corner coupon. 195710/5 The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was successfully opened to traffic, and it was heroically announced to the world that the Yangtze River, with its rapid water depth, has become a thoroughfare from now on, with a broad picture prospect, and ships whistling on the river cut waves and sailed ahead; On the back of the 1 yuan coupon, we can see a vivid picture of the hard-working and brave Mongolian people's grazing life in Li Qian prairie, Inner Mongolia. Under the blue sky and white clouds, thousands of little sheep are happily eating tender grass; A careful look at the pattern on the back of the 5 yuan coupon is a production scene of boiling mine in full swing, and the train carrying coal roared; The main scene of oil production in Li Qian Gobi Oilfield, Yumen, Gansu Province, the production base of China petroleum industry, is presented on the color map on the back of 2 yuan voucher; Seven kinds of coupons, seven pictures, each with its own characteristics and eye-catching. These patterns are vivid, vivid, vivid, and integrate people, machinery and labor scenes into one picture. The thumbnail shows a profound, exquisite and vivid flavor of the times, and with exquisite printing effect, it condenses the life and historical process of the times, and truly records the social, political, economic construction and people's life of that era, which integrates historical materials, artistry, appreciation and knowledge, and has research value and appreciation value that cannot be underestimated. Looking at these paper money reminds people of the past years and gives people artistic aesthetic enjoyment. Arouse people's strong desire to collect.
The specific high-value varieties in each set of RMB shall belong to the following varieties:
The first set of RMB:
195 1 edition 1 10,000 yuan "Trojan map" coupon (600,000 yuan), 500 yuan "Zhandecheng" coupon (300,000 yuan) and 5,000 yuan "Mongolian yurt" coupon (200,000 yuan);
The second set of RMB:
1953 version of three yuan coupons (7000 yuan), five yuan coupons (6000 yuan), ten yuan coupons (65000 yuan);
The third set of RMB:
1960 dime coupon (1 100 yuan), 1962 dime coupon (9000 yuan) and 1962 dime coupon (600 yuan);
The fourth set of RMB:
1980 50 yuan coupon (125 yuan) and 100 yuan coupon (120 yuan);
5. What are the basic common sense of RMB collection?
Phase classification method of RMB paper money
In order to have an objective standard for the classification of RMB banknotes in the market, we refer to the opinions of domestic banknote collectors and the international classification standards, and classify RMB banknotes into nine grades according to pollution, firmness, rounded corners, creases, fractures and defects, and call them "products" according to the habits of domestic banknote collectors. Now described as follows:
Vertical version: the currency surface is clean and firm, and it has not been circulated.
Product: not circulating, but due to long time or improper storage, the surface has a slight fading, the surface loses luster and there is no water stain; It can also include very slight creases.
Do: there are obvious creases, the ticket angle is slightly round, the ticket is pollution-free, and the original ticket luster can still be maintained.
Eight products: touch and circulate for many times, with several obvious creases, a little pollution and spots on the ticket face, but still firm and not soft, with no tears on the edge and a slightly round ticket angle.
Seven products: touching and circulating for many times, the face is polluted and drooping, and there are small cracks on the edge, but it does not extend to the face pattern.
Six products: the corners of long-term circulation tickets have been rounded, and the edge cracks extend to the pattern, but there is no defect; The ticket face is dirty or faded, but the details of the ticket face pattern are still recognizable; The coin is soft and has a hole in the middle.
Five products: serious wear, dirty surface, fading, tearing edge defect, rounded corners, but no major defects.
Four products: dirty face, fading, blurred patterns, flaws or large-scale fractures.
Three products: banknotes are broken, with large defects or holes, and the face is vague, which generally has no collection value.
Paper money experiences natural wear and pollution during circulation. All the above standards occur at the same time, but some abnormal wear and tear often occurs. Such as: artificial tearing on brand-new banknotes; The surface grain is clear and not soft, but there are wormholes, which is called "hard injury". In these two cases, it can still be classified according to the standard of natural wear, but it will be reduced by one or two grades according to the degree of tearing and the number of wormholes.
6. Introduction to Coin Knowledge
The collection and appreciation of ancient coins need to master a lot of knowledge, including currency history, numerology, archaeology, epigraphy and cultural relics, ancient Chinese and so on. Some coins look ordinary, but they are actually treasures. Experts can easily get treasures from sellers who don't know much about the value of ancient coins.
Here are some basic knowledge. First, the ancient coins are cast, and the mold is shaped like a big tree. This method of minting coins is called "cash cow".
A large number of coins are of low value. Because the mold is carved by hand, it is inevitable that there will be omissions, and the missed version and trial casting have become treasures.
Second, according to the rarity of all kinds of coins and the current market situation of coin collection, contemporary numerologists divide ancient coins into ten grades, namely, the first grade is rare, the second grade is rare, the third grade is rare, the fourth grade is rare, the fifth grade is rare, the sixth grade is rare, the seventh grade is rare, the eighth grade is rare, the ninth grade is more, and the tenth grade is more extensive. Third, the appearance of coins can be summarized into five evaluation criteria: beauty, proximity, beauty, beauty, beauty and beauty.
1 beauty means that the front and back contours of money are complete and clear; Close to beauty means that there are slight deviations or tiny cracks in the front and back outlines of coins, or there are tiny leaks in the paper. At the same time, the tiny adhesion or confusion caused by the wear and tear of casting and use in Qian Wen is also close to beauty; 3, indicating that there are defects and loopholes visible to the naked eye on the front and back of Zheng Qian, but it does not hurt Qian Wen; 4 Near the top, it means that the defects, cracks and holes on the front and back of the coin are obvious, resulting in one or two broken pens in Qian Wen. 5 There is not much collection value.
4. There are many kinds of coins, 1, and shell coins, also called tooth shells, are made of brine shells polished and punched by tropical seawater. It is generally milky white, and the size is basically the same.
Northern coins began in the Yin Dynasty, when they were a valuable commodity, and their use played an important role in the currency history of China after Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. There are roughly six kinds of coin shells: coin shells, jujube shells, mink shells, Abend shells, large and small hole shells and back grinding shells.
2. Qin Banliang, also called Er Coin, was cast by Qin Shihuang and was the only coin in the country at that time. Qin half two outer circles are inside, high above, simple and vigorous.
3. One coin, also known as one gold, one hair and one ring coin, is a copper round currency that appeared in the middle of the Warring States Period. This kind of coin is simple to make and easy to carry, which is better than cloth coin, and circular currency will eventually replace cloth coin.
There are round holes and square holes in the middle of coins, and those with round holes have no Guo; There are Guo around the square hole. Its weight is about 12g.
Liuquan belongs to the best of Wang Mang's coins in the Western Han Dynasty and is valued by collectors. These six springs are: Koizumi Neichi, Yaoquan 10, Youquan 20, Zhongquan 30, Zhuangquan 40 and Daquan 50.
This Zhuangquan and Zhongquan are rare in the world, and the complete set is priceless. There are five baht in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, among which the Eastern Han Dynasty is more famous.
This money was first cast in the fifth year of Emperor founding ceremony. It has a square round hole with a narrow outline, a diameter of 2.5 cm and a weight of 3.4-3.5 grams. Five baht is lighter and more delicate than Qin Banliang.
But long-term circulation, the number is extremely large, so it is worthless. 6. Cloth coins were popular in the Warring States period, and the characters on them were complicated, ranging from one word to four words, exceeding 100.
Early cloth coins were mostly used for loading handles, that is, short, heavy cloth, round foot cloth, flat foot cloth, pointed foot cloth, three-hole cloth and other currencies, but the face words were not the same, so there was no difference in versions. Among them, the shape of the three holes is very unique, such as head circle, shoulder circle and foot circle. The head and foot of the cloth each have a hole, so it is called three-hole cloth.
Moreover, there are many words that superficially remember Zhao's place name. Later, cloth coins were extended to Qin, Zhou, Jin, Song, Shandong, Yan and other countries.
7. Jin Cuodao is also known as the "wrong knife". The antique knife coins with high face value were cast by Wang Mang in the second year of the Giant Snake.
Figures are like knives, made of bronze. The blade is cast with three characters of "Ping 5,000" and the ring is inlaid with gold with two characters of "One knife", which means that the knife can be used as 5,000 yuan. 8. Make money, Ming and Qing copper coins.
Because its form, text, weight and color are all customized, it is called making money. 9. Yuanbao, the word "Yuanbao" was first used in the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong.
In the Yuan Dynasty, ingots began to circulate in the form of silver ingots, usually with the name of the time and place where the silversmith cast them. 10. Knife coins evolved from fishing and hunting tools in the Spring and Autumn Period.
It usually consists of three parts: a long and narrow arc blade, a slotted handle and a ring at the end of the handle. It can be divided into needle knife, pointed knife, flat knife, round knife and flat knife.
Qi is the main country that uses knife coins. Qi's knife coins are thick and delicate, and his calligraphy is beautiful. Yandao coin device is thin in shape, wide in body, complicated on the back, and has the word "Ming" on the surface, so it is called Ming Dow. Zhao's knife coin is a straight round head. Nowadays, they are mostly called straight knives and round-headed knives, and there are many fakes. 1 1, the money awarded by Kaiyuan Bao Tong and Tang Gaozu Li Yuan after the abolition of five baht is one or two times heavier, which is the origin of the one or two money system in China's monetary system.
His facial official script "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" was written by Ou Yangxun, a calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty, and the font is correct and powerful. The production outline is deep, exquisite and unique, which is very precious.
The appearance of Kaiyuan Money announced the end of the two currencies, Banliang and Wuzhu, which have been circulating for more than 800 years since Qin Dynasty, and the word "Bao Tong" was used by successive dynasties. 12. Duiqian, also known as Duiqian and Duiqian, means that the Qian Wen, size, internal and external contours, thickness and copper of the same coin are exactly the same, but different characters are used, but the fonts and strokes are still consistent with each other, so it can become a double coin, also known as Hehe Money.
Duiqian began in the Southern Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. The "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" cast in the Southern Tang Dynasty was equipped with seals and official seals, which created a precedent for money.
In addition, the Northern Song Dynasty Tiansheng, Ming Dow, Yuanfeng, Xining, Zhenghe, Zhonghe, Xuanhe and other coins can be used correctly. 13, Zhao Na Ding Xin, with three kinds of coins, copper, silver and gold, was cast by Liu Guangshi in the early Southern Song Dynasty to surrender the rebels.
Qian Wen read it around, with the word "teacher" and a note on the back. Because it is not a currency in circulation, it has been handed down very little.
This is one of the most precious coins in the world. 5. The older the collection, the higher the value may not be.
For example, the price of ordinary commodities today is only 2 yuan to 5 yuan, while the price of coins in Ming Dynasty is generally higher than that in Han Dynasty, such as Hongzhi Bao Tong and Xuande Bao Tong in Ming Dynasty, all of which are above 10 yuan. Another example is "Jingkang Bao Tong", which is a treasure of the Song Dynasty, and each piece is worth hundreds to thousands of dollars. However, after the fall of Chengdu in the late Ming Dynasty, the price of "Appreciation of the West King" written by Zhang has reached 25,000 yuan.
Don't try to collect all coins made in a dynasty. For example, although the price of five baht in Han Dynasty is low, it has been more than 300 years in Han Dynasty.
7. Knowledge about coins
Coin knowledge: coinage: refers to the metal currency cast into a certain size and shape, with a certain weight and denomination value, as a legal means of circulation. In ancient times, copper was the main material for coinage, and later gold and silver coins appeared one after another.
In China, although gold and silver coins appeared earlier, they only joined the commodity circulation field in modern times. Cloth coins: the general term for shovel-shaped coins such as empty cloth and plain cloth used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Knife coins: the general name of various knife-shaped coins such as needle knives, pointed knives, open knives, neat knives and round-headed knives cast in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Round note: the general term for round notes, including round-hole round notes and square-hole round notes, generally referring to the latter.
Blank cloth: coins cast during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, including flat-shouldered arc-footed empty cloth, oblique-shouldered arc-footed empty cloth and shrugging pointed-footed empty cloth. Shouping cloth: coins made during the Warring States period, including cloth, special-shaped cloth, main foot cloth, pointed foot cloth, round foot and so on. Mainly distributed in Sanjin and Yan areas.
Two-baht currency: refers to the currency that used baht and two as the unit of weight and money as the name before the Sui Dynasty in China, such as half-baht and five-baht. Five points: It was cast in the sixth year after the Western Han Dynasty, belonging to a kind of half-two points.
Three cents: the currency issued by Emperor Jianyuan in the fifth year of the Western Han Dynasty, which is a kind of half two cents. Wheel contrast: the old money of Sun Wu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is parallel in size. This huge sum is called "wheel comparison" and is described as as as big as a wheel.
Four chapters: that is, one coin is four small coins, which generally refers to the money of the right size used by Sun Wu's old coins in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Small flat money: a penny is worth a penny, also known as flat money and small money. It is generally about 2.4 cm in diameter and weighs about 3.5 grams.
Fold two yuan: The coins used in Wen Er are generally about 2.8 cm in diameter and weigh about 7 grams. San Qian: Generally speaking, the diameter of prose money is about 3. 1 cm.
It weighs about10g. "By analogy" banknotes: the general term for large denomination currencies and large-scale currencies. In the Six Dynasties, five baht of standard size was called a big bill. The name of the basic unit of a coin. A small flat coin is called a penny.
Penetration: 1000 thorium is penetration, and the square bar inserted in the money hole at the money casting place is also called penetration sample: it refers to money with a diameter smaller than that of the same type of money. Details: refers to those whose money diameter is greater than the same type.
Heads: The heads of coins. Front text: The text on the front of a coin.
Back: The back of a coin, also called a curtain. Postscript: Qian Bei, also known as goodness, is called square penetration and square hole, and round penetration and round hole.
Wide wear: refers to the money hole. Narrow penetration: refers to those with smaller money holes.
Inner Guo: refers to the prominent part around Qian's cave, also known as Good Guo. Guangguo: refers to wide inside and narrow outside: refers to narrow inside.
Heavy Guo: refers to double inner Guo. Resolution: refers to one angle or several angles of the square hole of the money body.
Four decisions: refers to the four corners of the square hole of the money body, also known as four decisions. Su Jiao: It is a special four-part, and the four corners of the square hole are small in origin.
Four sentences: refers to the four corners of the square hole on the money body, which extends to the outside, also known as four sentences and four roads. Waiguo: refers to the prominent part of the periphery of the money body, also known as the outer edge, outer wheel, meat Guo and border Guo.
Wide edge: wider outside, also known as wide wheel, wide edge and narrow edge; The outer part is narrow, also called narrow wheel and narrow edge. Heavy ship: refers to two people who have taken foreign countries.
Amount wheel: refers to foreign high, domestic low, more common in Wang Mang money. Trim: refers to the outward oblique cutting of the exoskeleton, opposite to the frontal wheel.
Edge money: refers to the money that grinds off the edge of foreign fruit. Meat: refers to the part of a coin without words and patterns between the inside and outside. Thick meat is called thick meat and thin meat is called lean meat.
Sun: It refers to the raised circle on the back of money, also known as the Japanese moon; it refers to the raised arc on the back of money, also known as the moon, Wen Jia and moon mark. The arc is called YueYang and Yan Yuexing; Refers to the circular dot raised on the back of a coin, also known as Xingwen. Round star: refers to the concave circle on the back of money.
Pregnant star: refers to the star rising on the back of the moon. Naked back: refers to money without words, also known as plain back, bare back and plain curtain.
Reverse folding: refers to the misuse of two dollars. Both sides have money.
Face to face: refers to the misuse of two dollars, and both sides are backed by money. Direct reading: Qian Wen is arranged in the order of up, down, left and right, which is also called direct reading and reverse reading.
Rotating reading: Qian Wen is arranged in the order of up, down, left and right, which is also called circular reading. Left reading: refers to Qian Wen reading from left to right.
Chuanxing: It refers to the currency made by the engraved model of the Chinese characters. Qian Wen is a reflexive form, which was found in the pre-Qin to Six Dynasties. Leaving Guo means staying away from the inner Guo, and connecting Guo means connecting with the inner Guo.
Interval: means far away from the outer Guo and unconnected. Wheel connection: refers to the connection between Qian Wen and foreign countries.
Deep personality: It means that Qian Wen is particularly deep and steep. Steganography: refers to Qian Wen with different heights and thicknesses.
Party: It means that all the leaders in Qian Wen are at home, which is also called a party. Hezu: refers to Qian Wen's first foreign country.
Reduplication: refers to the repeated appearance of money, also known as shaking your head, because there are repeated marks on Fan. Pit: refers to the newly unearthed coins with serious surface oxidation.
Laoshengkeng: It is pointed out that the ancient copper coins and rust are covered by the handed down colors. Cooked pit: refers to ancient money handed down from ancient times without burial.
Handed down from ancient times: refers to the color of the surface of coins that have not been buried by the world, usually brown and shiny, also known as black lacquer antique. Patina: refers to the color of copper coins handed down from generation to generation. Besides black, there are brown, crimson, orange and other colors.
Mercury ancient: the silvery white oxide layer on the surface of unearthed ancient coins, also known as mercury rust and mercury ooze. Carved mother: a coin model carved from copper, tin, lead, teeth, bone, wood and other materials, also known as ancestral money.
Mother money: money used as a model in casting, usually cast directly by a carved mother. Iron mother: refers to the mother money for casting iron money, that is, copper itself.
Iron model copper: copper coins cast with iron models. Sample money: sample money for trial casting and initial casting. Sample currency issued by the Ministry: the sample currency issued by the central government and the Ministry of Industry as a standard by the provinces, which can also be called mother currency.
Sample currency submitted for trial: sample currency submitted for trial by local authorities. Cut and chisel money: the general term for cutting and delaying money, that is, cut a round money into two parts.
Trim money: money cut from the outer ring. Also known as paper cake money: the common name of Wang Mang's thick goods spring.
Later, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the wide and thick Xianping was also called cake money. Coin matching: refers to the symmetrical money in Qian Wen. In Qian Wen, the wheels, sizes, thicknesses and copper coins are the same, but different characters are used, but the fonts and strokes are still consistent with each other, which is also called Hehe money.
It began in the Southern Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Formula Female Money: Five baht money without foreign currency, also called female money, was minted in Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties.
Male money: Wang Mang's common name for Buquan. Red coins: copper coins cast in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, named after Red Copper Yue.
Coin-making: coins minted by dynasties in feudal times. Currency in use: the currency that is the official currency.
Fear of winning money: it is a kind of non-use money, which is often used for auspicious celebrations, festivals, sacrifices and hanging.