Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty was an outstanding celebrity in history, the main representative of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", a painter and writer who was famous for his "three unique poems and paintings". His life can be divided into five stages: "reading and teaching", selling paintings in Yangzhou, "being a scholar and a scholar", traveling as an official, working as an official in Shandong and selling paintings in Yangzhou again.
1. Zheng Xie (1693-1766), a student and teacher, was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu, and his ancestral home was Suzhou. His ancestors moved from Changmen, Suzhou, to Wangtou in Xinghua City and to Zheng Banqiao in the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, which is the 14th generation. His father, Zheng Zhiben, whose name is Li 'an, named Mengyang, was born in Lin. He was an excellent scholar in Zheng Banqiao's former residence and served as a disciple at home, with hundreds of students. Zheng Banqiao was born on November 22, 1693. At that time, his family had fallen and his life was very poor. At the age of three, Mrs. Wang, her biological mother, died, and at the age of fourteen, she lost her stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Nurse Fei is a kind, hardworking and simple working woman, who has given Zheng Banqiao meticulous care and meticulous care, and has become the pillar of Zheng Banqiao's life and feelings. Zheng Banqiao was intelligent and literate at the age of three. By the age of eight or nine, he had been working as a literary couplet under the guidance of his father. When I was young, I went to Maojiaqiao in Zhenzhou to study with my father. At the age of sixteen, I learned to write lyrics from my hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. At the age of about twenty, he was admitted as a scholar. Married at the age of 23, Mrs. Xu. It was Zheng Banqiao's first trip to Beijing in the autumn of 1998, and Yu Yunxuan wrote in small letters Ouyang Xiu < < Autumn voice > > . At the age of twenty-six, I have been teaching in Jiangcun, Zhenzhou. At the age of 3, my father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and one son, and life was even more difficult. Do <; < Seven songs > > Poetry, lamenting Zheng Sheng's thirty years without a camp "
Second, selling paintings in Yangzhou, due to the hardships of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum and went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living after the age of 3, which really saved the poor and made him famous and elegant." During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, there were also some tourist activities interspersed. Unfortunately, the son born to Mrs. Xu died, and Zheng Banqiao once wrote poems to mourn. At the age of thirty-two, I traveled to Jiangxi, where I met the unscrupulous master and the Manchu scholar Bao Lu. At the age of thirty-three, he traveled to Beijing, made friends with the children of Zen Zunsu and his family, talked loudly, and hid the characters, so he got a crazy name. During his fame, he married Prince Kangxi and King Yunxi of Shenjun, namely, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff. Thirty-five years old, a guest in Tongzhou. Thirty-six years old, studying in Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, writing by hand <; < Four books > > One each. At the age of 37, I worked as <: < Ten Taoist feelings > > First draft. Thirty-nine years old, Mrs. Xu is dying. Zheng Banqiao has been in Yangzhou for ten years, and he has made many painting friends, such as Jin Nong and Huang Shen, who are closely related to his past and have a great influence on his creative thinking and even his personality.
Third, Zhongjuren, Jinshi and Official Tour In 1732, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old and went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination in the autumn of < < Denan Jieyin > > Poetry. For further study, I went to Jiao Shan, Zhenjiang to study. At present, Jiao Shan Biefeng Temple has Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and woodcut couplet room, which is elegant and elegant, with few flowers. "In 1736, in the first year of Qianlong, at the age of 44, he took part in the examination of does in Beijing, in central Gong Shi, and in May, he took part in palace examination in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and was the eighty-eighth Jinshi in China Dimethyl, who was born as a scholar", especially for <; < Okra stalagmite map > > He also wrote a poem saying, "I am also called a scholar in Zhong Kui, and I am the best scholar in Dangui." The joy is beyond words. In 1737, at the age of forty-five, he stayed in Beijing for about a year in an attempt to advance as an official, but failed. He returned to Yangzhou in the south and was sponsored by Cheng Yuchen of Jiangxi Province to marry Rao. Nurse faye's pawn. In 1739, at the age of forty-seven, he wrote seven laws and four songs and presented them to Yu Jianzeng, the transport supervisor of Huainan. In 174, at the age of 48, he was Dong Weiye <; < Yangzhou Zhuzhi Ci > > Preface. In 1741, at the age of forty-nine, he entered Beijing, and there was a shortage of alternate officials. He was sincerely treated by Wang Yunxi of Shenjun County.
Fourth, when the official Zheng Banqiao was fifty years old, that is, in the spring of 1742, he made a collection of poems and ci poems for Fan County, which also served as a county magistrate. In 1743, at the age of 51, he will be <; < Ten Taoist feelings > > After several revisions, it was finalized, and the engraver was Shangyuan Situ Wen Gao. In 1744, Rao gave birth. During Zheng Banqiao's slaughter of Fan, he paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed people's feelings, prospered the people to rest, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In 1746, in the eleventh year of Qianlong, at the age of 54, he was transferred from Fan County to Wei County. It was the great hunger in Shandong in 28, and people ate each other. Weixian county was originally a prosperous city, but it was a natural disaster year after year. Disaster relief became an important part of Zheng Banqiao's administration in Weixian county. He opened warehouses to relieve goods, made people have vouchers to supply, and built cities and ponds to recruit hungry people from far and near to work, and large families in the city opened factories to cook porridge in turn. We sealed the house of millet and lived more than ten thousand people. In autumn, the harvest failed, the donation was cheap, and the IOUs were destroyed. The living people did not count. The hungry people in Weixian went out for food, and Banqiao lamented it. < Escape from the desert > > . In 1748, Gao Bin, a great scholar, and Liu Tongxun, the imperial governor, went to Shandong for relief as special envoys, and Banqiao followed. When autumn was ripe, the disaster situation in Weixian county gradually eased, and the hungry people also returned home from the customs. < Huanjiahang > > Discipline. In order to prevent water intrusion, we donated money to advocate the overhaul of Weixian city wall. In late autumn, the book <; < Xiuwei County Town Record > > . In 1751, the sea overflowed, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in the north of Weixian County to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's official intention is to benefit the people if he succeeds, so he can sympathize with civilians and small traders when he is in power, reform malpractice, and safeguard their interests from laws and measures. During Banqiao's slaughter of Weifang, he was diligent and honest, and there was no legacy or injustice to the people, which won the support of the people. There are many wealthy businessmen in Weixian County, and people are compatible with luxury. Zheng Banqiao advocated literature and found talents, leaving many anecdotes. In 1747, Debao, a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, and a bachelor's lecturer, tried Shandong, and Banqiao was in the examination room, singing with each other. In 1748, Gan Long made a tour of Shandong. Zheng Banqiao is a history of calligraphy and painting. He participated in the preparation and arranged everything for the Emperor to climb Mount Tai. He has been lying on Mount Tai for more than 4 days, and he is often proud of it, engraving a seal on the history of calligraphy and painting in Yunganlong Cambodia. " In 1749, at the age of 57, Rao's son died in Xinghua. Visit Guo's Garden with Shen Yanfang. Reorder <; < Letter from home > > 、< < Poetry notes > > 、< < Word money > > , and handwritten Fu Zi. Written in 175 < < Banqiao self-sequence > > . . In the same year, the Wenchang Temple was rebuilt, and the Champion Bridge was advocated. < Wenchang shrine > > . In 1751, at the age of 59, he wrote <: < Rare lake coating > > Banners. In 1752, he presided over the repair of the Chenghuang Temple in Weixian County, and wrote < < Inscription of Chenghuang Temple > > . At < < Wenchang shrine > > And <: < Inscription of Chenghuang Temple > > In the past, Banqiao urged the gentry and people in Weixian County to cultivate good manners and clean conduct, which had a considerable influence among the people in Weixian County. In the same year, he wrote a paper with Wei County Tong Sheng Han Gao, and made a running script with seven words, which simplified the Sanqiu tree and led to a new February flower. "Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot in Weixian county, and his <; < Weixian Zhuzhi Ci > > Forty songs are particularly popular.
5. Sell paintings again. Yangzhou citizens become children everywhere, and they study more when they are free. " In the seven years of Guanwei, Banqiao has reached a new peak in terms of official management, poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the official management of literary names is of great importance to the times. " Banqiao has been an official for ten years, and he has gained insight into the darkness of officialdom. His ambition of "making contributions to the world and keeping the people healthy" is difficult to realize, and his intention to return to the field is increasing day by day. In 1753, Zheng Banqiao was sixty-one, and went to the government for the benefit of the people. When I went to Weifang, the people blocked the way to stay, and every family portrait was sacrificed, and spontaneously established a shrine for Zheng Banqiao in Weicheng Island Temple. After leaving office, Banqiao made a living by selling paintings, traveling between Yangzhou and Xinghua, interacting with fellow painters and painters, and singing poetry and wine. In 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. After crossing Qiantang, we will go to Huiji, explore Yu's point, visit Lanting, and travel to and from Shanyin Road. In 1757, at the age of sixty-five, he took part in the renovation of Hongqiao hosted by Yu Jianzeng, the Commissioner of Transportation in the Huai River and Huai River, and got to know Yuan Mei, and exchanged poems. During this period, Banqiao made many paintings and calligraphy works, which were widely circulated. On January 22, 1766 (December 12, 3th year of Qianlong), Banqiao died and was buried in Ruanzhuang, Chengguan, Xinghua City, at the age of 73. Banqiao's two sons all died early, and the son of Zheng Mo, the first in the Tang Dynasty, succeeded Tian Si. Zheng Banqiao is good at painting bamboo, orchids, stones, pines, chrysanthemums, etc., and is most famous for its elegant appearance and strong style. He advocated that the ancient method should not be ignored, that the method should be natural, and that he could be freehand. He put forward the three-stage painting theory of "bamboo in the eye", "bamboo in the chest" and "bamboo in the hand", which combined thoughtful ideas with skilled pen and ink skills, and Banqiao painted bamboo with the backbone of cursive script, and received the artistic effect of "not being chaotic, not being sparse, getting rid of the habits of the times and showing great strength". The bamboo painted by Banqiao is vivid and has both form and spirit. The intention is to write first, and the interest is outside the law. Banqiao painted orchids, mostly the orchids of Shan Ye, with a heavy cursive brush, to write the brilliant nature of orchids. Banqiao painted stone, bone method with a pen, first tick out the outline of the stone, and sometimes with orchid bamboo, which is very harmonious and unified. Zheng Banqiao's paintings brought a fresh vitality to the book circle in the Qing Dynasty at that time. Intellectuals and working people regarded them as treasures and spared no expense to buy them, which was widely circulated. According to legend, Zheng Banqiao painted fans, Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty was a county magistrate in Weixian County in his later years. One day in autumn, he went to the market incognito and saw an old lady selling fans staring blankly at a pile of fans that nobody cared about. Zheng Banqiao caught up with him, picked up a fan, and saw that the fan was as white as snow, with no words and no pictures. Now that the season of using fans has been missed, naturally no one will buy it. Zheng Banqiao learned that the old lady's family was poor during the inquiry and decided to help her. So, Zheng Banqiao borrowed a pen, ink and inkstone from a shop and splashed ink with his pen. I saw Ran Ran bamboo, fragrant orchid, Ao Shuang autumn chrysanthemum, falling snow and cold plum flying on the fan, and they were matched with poetic styles, which made the poems and paintings on the fan set each other off. Spectators around rushed to buy them, and in a short time, a pile of fans were sold out.
Zheng Banqiao resigned and went home, "a bright moon on one shoulder, but a cool breeze on the other", but he brought a yellow dog and a pot of orchids. One night, it was cold, the moon was dark, the wind was strong, and the rain was dense. The Banqiao was sleepless and it was suitable for thieves to patronize. He thought: if you shout loudly, if a thief starts to do it, you can't deal with it yourself. Pretend to be asleep and let him take it, but you are not willing. After a little thinking, he turned over and whispered, "It's drizzling and the night is heavy, and the gentleman on the beam enters our door."
At this time, the thief was near the bed, and he was startled by the sound. Then I heard: "There are thousands of poems in the abdomen, and there is no gold and silver on the bedside." The thief thought: don't steal it. Turning to go out, I heard the inside say, "Don't scare the yellow-tailed dog when you go out." The thief thought, since there are vicious dogs, why not go over the wall? Just as I was about to climb the wall, I heard, "Don't damage the orchid flowerpot if you cross the wall." When the thief saw that there was a pot of orchids on the wall, he carefully avoided it and landed on the ground. There was another message in the house: "It's not as cold as wearing clothes, so take advantage of the dark of the moon to catch the giants."
Deeds 1. Poor background:
1. My father was born in a hurry, lost his mother at the age of four, and was raised by his stepmother.
when it comes to Banqiao's family background, it is also a scholarly family. By his father's time, his family had fallen into poverty. Although he was educated, he only got an outstanding student, stayed at home and taught a few Mongolian children, and his life was quite poor. Banqiao is an only child. Unfortunately, at the age of three, he lost his mother and was raised by his wet nurse Fei. This wet nurse is his grandmother's maid-in-waiting. She feels grateful to her master, regardless of her husband and children, and goes to Zheng Gulai to suffer. Every morning, she carries a thin slab bridge and goes to the market as a vendor. She prefers to be hungry, so she has to buy a baked wheat cake child to satisfy her hunger. Later, although her own son became an eight-product official and asked her to go back and enjoy herself, she still preferred to stay in the Zheng family and suffer. Banqiao specially wrote a poem for the wet nurse, in which the story of suffering and kindness was described. The poem reads: "I have been indebted to you all my life, not only because I am a wet nurse, but also because I hate wealth and wealth for a long time, so I feel ashamed for a long time, and the road to death is wide, and the white-haired man is old and ugly. It is better to eat bread for ten million minutes.
Banqiao's stepmother, Hao, was wise and caring, but unfortunately she was weak and couldn't help suffering from hunger and cold. She died when Banqiao was fourteen years old, which was also a great blow to underage children.
2. Kangxi scholar (nineteen years old), Yongzheng juren (forty years old) and Qianlong Jinshi (forty-four years old), although their talents spanned three dynasties, they only became seven sesame officials at the age of 5.
He was a scholar at the age of nineteen, and got married at the age of twenty-three. In order to make a living, he went to Yangzhou to sell calligraphy and painting. No one appreciated him and he was very dissatisfied. Sometimes he visited brothels or drowned his sorrows with wine, which made him feel depressed. When he was thirty years old, his father died of poverty, and later his son died of hunger, in a miserable situation. Fortunately, at the age of forty, he won a scholarship, and at the age of forty-four, he won a scholarship. When he came to Yangzhou, his calligraphy and paintings, together with his old works, were regarded as Mo Bao. He was so devoted to the cold world that he specially carved a seal on his works, and the seal was "Old Banqiao Twenty Years ago", which was somewhat self-deprecating.
Second, the official career is not smooth:
1. I was appointed as a magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province, and I was honest in handling cases.
2. The magistrate of Weixian County, in case of famine, built a city, forced the rich to sell grain at a low price, was secretly informed, and was punished for improper disaster relief, so he resigned and went home. He served as the county magistrate of Fanxian County and Weixian County in Shandong Province, went deep into the people and understood their sufferings. Eventually, he offended the giant room because of disaster relief, wronged his participation, and his official feelings were thin, so he resolutely resigned and returned to Li. He wrote a poem on a piece of bamboo painted by the gentlemen and people in Weixian County: "When Wusha is thrown away, it is not an official, and the sleeves are cold;" Write a thin bamboo and make it a fishing rod on the autumn wind river. In order to bid farewell to his subordinates, he painted a rich chrysanthemum and wrote a poem: "It is difficult to retreat and it is difficult to retreat, and the official path is ugly; There is quite a hedge chrysanthemum in my family, so I can go back to the autumn wind to resist the cold. You must be broad-minded in order to naturally show such chic.
3.