There is a narrow water between these two abilities. Reading is the basis of writing and provides rich nutrition for writing. Writing is the extension of reading and the embodiment of knowledge accumulation. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Reading is absorption, and writing is pouring out.
Whether pouring out conforms to the law is obviously closely related to absorption. "It can be seen that reading ability and writing ability complement each other. Therefore, in our Chinese teaching, we can combine the training and training of the two to achieve the same improvement.
First, take the syllabus as the key link to further improve the understanding of reading and writing training. As a Chinese teacher, we must be familiar with the different requirements of reading and writing in Outline, College Entrance Examination Outline and high school textbooks, and we must be aware of these Chinese teachers.
The syllabus and textbooks require that a unified standard of reading and writing ability in senior high school should be planned, and then it should be divided into several training points in the form of unit teaching to form a teaching system combining reading knowledge, writing knowledge and reading ability training. Second, investigate the teaching materials, and formulate the reading and writing training plan and objectives in and out of class.
Third, do a good job in reading every article and cultivate students' reading ability. The cultivation and improvement of middle school students' reading ability is gradually developed in reading practice. It is a work with strong periodicity and relatively slow effect, which requires long-term cooperation and active participation of both teachers and students.
One of the important goals of school reading teaching is to make students have the ability to read independently and lay the foundation for their lifelong learning. Therefore, Chinese class should carry out reading training for students purposefully and in a planned way, so as to cultivate students' reading ability.
In teaching, teachers should be good at improving students' appreciation ability, guiding students to repeatedly taste key chapters in textbooks and recite wonderful paragraphs; It is also necessary to put forward reading points, point out reading difficulties, teach reading methods and make good use of this demonstration textbook according to the writing characteristics of various styles. The ways to cultivate and improve students' reading ability in teaching are as follows: (1) Cultivating students' reading imagination is an indispensable intellectual factor in reading training, and it is also a necessary means and an effective method to achieve reading purposes.
Imagination is produced on the basis of transforming the representation of memory. Imagination in reading mainly recreates imagination, that is, readers form it in their minds according to the descriptions in reading materials, which embodies students' knowledge ability, personal life experience and rich associative ability. It is a necessary way to implement reading teaching.
In reading teaching, students' imagination can be cultivated from the following aspects. 1. Guide students to imagine the characters, scenes and plots depicted in the article.
In text teaching, students can be guided to read the written expressions in the text, and then all kinds of representations in memory can be mobilized to recreate an imaginary picture in their minds. In this way, we can better grasp the connotation of the article and the author's ideological attempt.
For example, when teaching the article "Reciting", students can read the text aloud and imagine the process of father crossing the platform to buy oranges described in the article. Through imagination, we can better understand the content of the article and the author's thoughts and feelings, so as to move people with emotion.
2. Guide students to imagine the author's writing ideas. The author has different ideas when conceiving articles of various styles, and should imagine according to the author's ideas when reading.
The development of imaginary plots in reading novels, the process of imaginary argumentation in reading argumentative essays, the order and interpretation methods of imaginary explanations in reading expository texts. With the author's unique thinking and imagination, we can better grasp the characteristics of the works, and at the same time, we can better exercise students' imagination.
For example, when teaching the article The Old Man and the Sea, students can imagine that Santiago, the hero of the article, went fishing in the sea and finally caught a marlin after 84 days. Imagine how he caught it and how he fought the shark, and then compare it with the author's words to see what the difference is, why he wrote it like this and what the benefits are. Through comparative analysis, students can easily grasp the author's intention and the content of the article. (2) Cultivate students' analytical and comprehensive abilities 1. The training of analytical ability is that under the guidance of teachers, students practice breaking down the whole article into several parts and factors.
Then find out their respective essence and their relationship, which is the training of analysis. For example, analyze paragraph structure, ideological content, article characteristics and so on.
The purpose of the analysis is to make students have a concrete and detailed understanding of the article. Persisting in planned training can cultivate and improve students' ability to analyze articles.
2. The cultivation of comprehensive ability Comprehensive training is the opposite of analytical training. On the basis of analysis and training, we link all parts, aspects or factors of the article to obtain an overall understanding of the essence, which is synthesis.
For example, in the teaching of "Under the scorching sun and heavy rain", students can be guided to clarify the paragraphs of this article, starting with the title. The first paragraph describes Xiangzi's scene in the scorching sun, and the second paragraph describes Xiangzi's life scene in the heavy rain. Taken together, students can understand that the thoughts and feelings expressed in this paper are to reflect the life and truth of the lower class people like Xiangzi and expose the darkness of the old society.
(3) Extending reading and enriching extracurricular reading make up for the deficiency of classroom reading on the one hand, and further expand students' horizons on the other hand, which is an extension of in-class reading and is of great significance to improving students' comprehensive Chinese quality. Teachers should organize extracurricular reading purposefully and planned, have certain reading goals, put forward appropriate requirements according to different grades, make knowledge cards and write reading notes.
Teachers should always check, carry out reading exchange activities, encourage in time, don't criticize, encourage, encourage again, encourage again. In this way, students develop good reading habits, actively expand the scope of reading, broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge and improve their Chinese ability.
Because students feel that reading is rewarding, they realize that the promotion of extracurricular reading in learning is their own needs rather than teachers' demands and censures, thus gradually enhancing their thirst for knowledge and developing their reading skills. Teachers should guide extracurricular reading: first, choose extracurricular reading materials that meet the needs of society; second, choose extracurricular reading materials that meet students' own reading interests; third, choose courses that meet students' reading ability.
2. How to combine reading teaching with writing has always been a problem that cannot be ignored in Chinese teaching, that is, the disconnection between reading and writing.
Chinese reading teaching is reading, and composition teaching is composition, as if reading and composition have nothing to do; Therefore, students are afraid of reading and writing. Under the Chinese teaching concept of the new curriculum, how to combine reading and writing well, make reading serve writing better, and make writing improve students' reading comprehension ability has become a problem that our Chinese teachers have to think about.
Ye Shengtao said: "Reading is absorption, writing is pouring out, and whether pouring out conforms to the statutes is obviously closely related to absorption." Writing depends on the usual accumulation. The more articles you come into contact with, the more sentences you can use naturally, and it will be handy to write. When you read to a certain extent, you will be more familiar with all kinds of expressions, and you will be able to add icing on the cake and express your meaning more satisfactorily, that is, "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god."
Of course, it takes time to promote writing by reading, because reading is a long process of collecting fragmentary jade articles. However, it is the characteristic of our national studies to sharpen the knife and cut the wood by mistake.
Therefore, the Chinese curriculum standard not only emphasizes the accumulation of language and exercise materials in reading in and out of class, but also advocates the application of accumulation. One of our teachers' tasks is to guide students to accumulate in reading in and out of class, so as to make the accumulation regular and daily, so that students can master the effective methods of accumulation and use, develop good habits of accumulation and use, and let students consciously and freely expel accumulation to express their own lives and feelings, so that the accumulation of students can truly become a part of their own lives and an organic part of their spiritual home.
But after all, middle school students have heavy academic work and limited reading time, and writing is a mental activity that consumes a lot of time and energy. How can they effectively improve their reading and composition ability without increasing their study burden? It is a good method to combine the usual text teaching with composition teaching and practice writing. Taking the text content as the writing material, students' organizational use of language and understanding of the text content are organically combined, blended and promoted each other.
This kind of writing practice integrated into the text teaching is for all students, which provides equal training opportunities for each student in the classroom, which is convenient for teachers to grasp the learning situation in time: the writing practice after teaching a new lesson or a fragment is itself a fresh and true feedback to the students' learning content, because this process excludes the interference and assistance of others' speeches and is completely completed by students independently. As far as the relationship between reading and writing is concerned, its advantages are obvious.
First, strengthen and promote students' understanding of the text. Students' writing practice must be based on a full understanding of the text, which urges students to actively and deeply study the text.
Secondly, it effectively solves the problem that students' compositions have no material for a long time, and fully exercises students' writing ability on the basis of cultivating students' sensitive composition consciousness. One of the major difficulties in students' composition is that there is nothing to say, and this kind of small exercise pen takes the content of the text as the material and provides ready-made "cooking" for students' practice.
Moreover, this writing exercise is always based on students' understanding of the text, which ensures the unity of teaching themes and the fluency of teaching process. Understanding and application can be said to complement each other. 1. Imitate Zhu said: When the ancients wrote poems, they mostly imitated their predecessors.
Gavin snow is long and natural. Most of the texts selected in our textbooks are masterpieces. Teachers should give some guidance on the choice of materials, layout, language use and expression methods in class, and give guidance in extracurricular reading to encourage students to imitate writing.
For example, after learning the article If I were a King, let students imitate articles with different characteristics such as If I were a teacher, If I were a fairy and If I were a man. Of course, "imitation" is not an end, just like copying in calligraphy, which can only get its shape, but not its spirit; Therefore, in the end, students should seek creativity, novelty and vividness in imitation, so as to improve their writing ability.
2. Rewriting allows students to process and transform the language of the text, recombine and re-express, such as changing the narrative order and changing the person, which can not only test the accuracy and depth of students' understanding of the text, but also strengthen students' sensitivity and expressiveness to the language, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. It is generally applicable to the teaching of ancient poetry-for example, rewriting ancient poetry into narrative or modern poetry, but it is not a simple translation.
For example, when I was teaching the poem "Fine Girl", I asked students to grasp the psychological changes of the protagonist and rewrite it into a modern poem in an eclectic way, which received good results. 3. Abbreviation requires students to summarize and refine the content of the text on the basis of combing the context of the article, and the number of words is generally about one-third of the original text, so as to cultivate students' overall ability to grasp the text.
This kind of writing practice focuses on training students' generalization ability, but it is not a simple combination of paragraphs and meanings, so that students will not lose interest in reading the text. 4. Fill in the blanks to grasp the words in the text that are abstract but closely related to the theme center, so that students can expand their imagination and restore them to concrete and tangible images through pen practice, so that students can deepen their understanding and understanding of the text from another side.
For those short passages, students can be guided to expand some parts of the text on the basis of understanding the text: either add decorative elements to sentences, or add descriptions of appearance and psychological activities to characters, or expand the plot. Expanding writing can not only deepen students' understanding of the text, but also cultivate their imagination and thinking ability.
5. Turn "I" into text. When learning an article, we should be able to produce it, that is, analyze it rationally as a bystander, such as segmenting, summarizing the general idea of the paragraph and summarizing the theme. To be able to enter, that is, to take the characters in the text as participants, to carry out emotions, emotions and feelings, can we really understand and master the text.
For example, when I teach the article "Blessing", let students imagine that they are a character in the novel, and then integrate their feelings for him or her according to their own understanding.
3. How to write a composition combining reading and writing 1? How to write about people and people is one of the basic skills of composition training in primary schools. Narrative writing, people and things are inseparable, the key is to see how the topic requires. For the topic of writing, the people in the article should serve things; It is required to write about people's topics, and the things in the text must serve people. Writing a people-oriented narrative is to express one or more qualities of a character through one or several things. The continuation of writing people does not require the integrity of narrative; The narrative of the notes should be complete and run through the whole article. (1) Write about a person through one thing, usually an aspect of a character or personality. In order to describe a character, it is necessary to describe the written character from the aspects of appearance, language, action and psychology. However, from the perspective of describing people by things, it is best to choose the one that best reflects a certain feature of the characters. And it's well written. Choose typical examples when writing. The so-called typical is something that can reflect the central idea and show the good thoughts, good qualities and good feelings of the characters. For primary school students, choosing a typical example should focus on trivial matters and choose the one that best reflects profound significance. On the surface, such things are ordinary trivial things, but they contain profound significance, that is, two things are used to express a person's various qualities. It should be noted that when writing a person with a few things, these things can be complete, and the author must explain the time, place, people and events (cause, process and result) one by one, or they can be incomplete and only pay attention to some points. More often, in an article, some things are written in detail; Some things are sketched; Some things need to be written completely and some things need to be written simply. To write a person through a few things, you also need to describe the appearance, movements, language and psychology of the character. (3) Learn to portray characters. In the process of narration, you should describe the appearance, language, movements and psychological activities that can best express the thoughts and feelings of the characters, that is, learn to portray the characters. It is a method to reveal the characters' character by describing their appearance, expression, clothing, posture, intonation and appearance characteristics.56665.66666666666 The appearance of a character is closely related to the inner world of the character. Specifically, through the description of the appearance, the character image is fuller and can leave a deep impression on the reader; By describing the appearance of the characters, the identity of the characters is revealed; Through the description of appearance, show the inner world of the characters on specific occasions; Through the description of appearance, the character, mental outlook and ideological quality of the characters are expressed. In a word, the description of appearance should closely cooperate with the expression of characters' personality and highlighting the central idea of the article. The description of appearance should be vivid, avoid facial makeup, and oppose biased writing, from beginning to end, with thousands of people. 2. There are two kinds of language descriptions: dialogue and monologue. Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people; Monologues are monologues of characters. Language is the direct expression of characters' inner world and plays an important role in expressing characters' thoughts and personalities. A language with individual characteristics can play the role of "listening to his words and observing his people". Language description should pay attention to the following two points: first, the language of the characters in the article should be carefully screened, and those languages that can best express the personality characteristics and central ideas of the characters should be written into the article; Second, a good language description must conform to the situation at that time and the characteristics of the characters' personality, identity, gender, age and cultural accomplishment. There are four forms of dialogue description: what is said is written at the back, and quotes are used at the back of the speaker; What is said comes first, and the person who said it is written at the end, with quotation marks and periods; Quote one or more sentences before and after, and explain who said it in the middle, using commas; Write only the characters' language, not the speakers. These four forms should be flexible according to actual needs, and rigid writing should be avoided. 3. Action description is a way to express people's thoughts and personalities through their actions. A person's actions are often the truest externalization of his thoughts, feelings and personality characteristics. Look at a person, not only by what he says, but also by what he does. As the saying goes, we should first choose key actions to write. When a person does one thing, there will be many actions. But they can't and don't need to write all these actions. This requires choosing the key and most meaningful actions to write. Secondly, write accurately. The same action can be expressed by many verbs, but only those verbs that are distinctive and can best reflect the temperament of the characters can make people "live". Yes The most difficult thing is not to write actions, but to write distinctive actions and write people from actions. 4. Psychologically describing the inner activities of characters is a silent language. The inner world of characters refers to complex feelings such as joy, sadness, hesitation, jealousy and yearning. When writing a character article, properly describing the psychology of the character can describe the character more effectively and highlight the central idea. The psychological changes of characters should be natural and reasonable; Psychological description should serve the central idea of the article; When describing the psychological activities of characters, we should be objective and cautious, and we should not take our own hearts as our own. When primary school students write, they often use the first person ("I" and "we"). If they use this personalized composition, they can't write the psychological activities of the characters in the form of "he wants to", because "I" can't enter other people's hearts to see. At this time, we can change the way-let people feel authentic. In addition to using "I think", psychological description can also adopt the following methods. (1) Ask questions and introduce your ideas. (2) reveal psychological activities with assumptions. (3) between the lines, revealing "thoughts." (4) Express your thoughts directly. Second, how to write.
4. How to realize the effective combination of reading and writing I have always believed that epiphany is the premise of thinking, and you must see it first before you can think on the basis. People who are not interested in literature are in the same mood as watching TV dramas. People who like literature must first learn to appreciate it.
The same is true of reading and writing.
When reading, the author makes good use of the skills, writing style, expressing ideas, plot setting and character background setting in the novel. How to use them and what kind of feelings and emotions they will bring to readers must be seen first.
Secondly, practice makes perfect. After learning many skills, writing should have its own style. For example, if there is no beautiful scenery when walking, you can make sentences directly from what is in front of you. Of course not as fluent as primary school students. You have to try various expressions and think about which one is the most vivid. After a long time, you can form a unique style of writing.
That's about it. Observe while reading, think while writing, and realize the effective combination of reading and writing.
Off-topic, I hate writing homonyms too close, and reading other works is the same, just like' my dog's hair is white', which feels too awkward.
How to combine reading and composition to train students is a good question. There is a saying called "read a book a hundred times to see its meaning"; There is also a saying that "my mind is full of poems and books." I think reading more books is of great help to writing. However, what I want to say is that in the process of children's reading and writing, parents or teachers should not make rigid rules for their children, "You must write a wonderful sentence", "Isn't a passage in this article just right for this topic? Why not quote? " As a bystander, never do this.
When children are reading, you should think about what to read. That's all that matters. Some articles can be used to train children to practice language sentences, and some articles can be used to train children to practice writing structures.
The second is guidance. There are some beautiful sentences to recite, and the familiar ones should be familiar. Whether reciting or reading, it is to practice children's sense of context and grammar, and grammar can also be studied and trained separately. Now some teachers think that reading and writing should be practiced together. They often give students some beautiful sentences, recite them immediately, and then do writing exercises with them. I don't think this is a good idea. Reading must be easy, preferably without any burden.
The third is to analyze some articles with better structure for children. The structure of this writing is to be taught first (such as echoing before and after, connecting the preceding with the following, etc.). ), second, we should gradually cultivate in the future practice, and don't be eager for quick success.
I hope I can help you. I wish your students progress.
6. How to write a composition in combination with reading If I am a small tree, then the book is the bright sunshine that shines on me and makes me grow up happily. If I am a bird, then this book is set in the sky where I am flying; If I am a small fish, then the book is the river where I can swim. I fly my dream in this vast sky.
I have enjoyed reading since I was a child. I remember learning A, O and E very early in kindergarten. Why? In order to hold the beloved book as soon as possible and soar in the sea of books. At that time, books were like a colorful world. I wander in the world of books, fly into the blue sky with birds, sing and dance with elves, and play hide-and-seek with butterflies. ...
I remember when I was a child, I often pestered my parents to ask one strange question after another, "Why is it sometimes cold and sometimes hot in a year?" "Why can a mother give birth to a doll and a father is so tall but not?" They are often asked by me to laugh and cry: "Grow up! The book will give you a satisfactory answer. " Dad said impatiently. So, every night, under the soft light, my mother began to tell me interesting stories in the book. Listening, I slowly and unconsciously entered the sweet dream-in the blue night sky, I seemed to be a little star with wings, flying freely in the universe ... Suddenly, I dreamed that I became Bambi, a kind dwarf, a poor stray dog and a stray dog in the story. Here, I found one secret after another: ape-man is the ancestor of human beings; Dinosaurs are tall and terrible; In ancient times, people drilled wood to make a fire ... Oh, the world is so beautiful! How nice it is to study! I love reading, because books can also make me understand the truth of being a man. Through reading, I know what is good and what is ugly. I couldn't help cheering loudly when Snow White escaped the evil trick. When Shennong was born again, I was extremely happy; When Holmes cleverly exposed the scam, my hanging heart gradually calmed down ...
With the passage of time, I grew up day by day, and books became my good partners. I have read fairy tales, science fiction, encyclopedias and world famous books. I often sit quietly at my desk, sometimes thinking, sometimes imagining, sometimes happy, sometimes sad. In the Water Margin, I met Song Jiang who was loyal and tolerant. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, I met Zhuge Liang who was resourceful. In Robinson Crusoe, I learned to be strong when encountering difficulties; In How Steel is Tempered, I learned the power to overcome difficulties ... Books are infinite treasures, which add a wealth of knowledge to me. Books are a happy paradise, which makes me forget all my sadness. Books are the sunshine in winter, bringing me the warmth of spring; Books are oases in the desert, giving me new hope. In this way, the book has accompanied me year after year, and I have gradually grown up in the book.
I like reading. Books are a treasure house of knowledge. They broaden my horizons and enrich my life. Books are the ladder of human beings, and she helps me improve and progress; Books are the source of happiness, and they bring me happiness and satisfaction. How nice it is to study!
7. I am a middle school student. How can we combine reading and writing to write a vivid and touching 1? I should be mentioned in any article. The word "I" in the article is very important.
2. Any article must have psychological thoughts, and it is necessary to write with heart and reveal psychological thoughts in order to write a good article.
3. The article should be narrated and discussed, and some famous aphorisms or good sentences in other articles should be quoted to add color to the article.
4, focus, do not write a running account.
5, the beginning and end must be written as "leading phoenix tail", which makes people want to read the article.
6. The middle part of the article is complete, but don't cover everything. Be sure to let people see it, as if they were there, and make people feel as beautiful as enjoying a picture scroll.
8. How to combine reading teaching with composition teaching "Composition teaching should be closely coordinated with reading teaching.
In reading teaching, students should be guided to learn the author's methods of observing things, analyzing things, choosing words and making sentences, connecting sentences into paragraphs and connecting paragraphs into articles. In composition teaching, students should be guided to apply the basic skills learned from reading to their own compositions. "
A simple sentence tells the close relationship between reading and writing. But now many Chinese reading classes pay too much attention to content and emotion, rather than teaching language, writing and expression.
However, in composition teaching, we only pay attention to the study of how to give a good composition instruction class, and do not pay attention to teaching students to learn composition from frequent and large-scale reading teaching. "Writing is difficult" has become a common aspiration of students. It can be seen that the crux of the difficulty in composition lies in reading teaching.
So, how to infiltrate composition teaching in reading? Ye Shengtao once said: "Textbooks are nothing more than an example." Since it is an example, it means that there is a certain rule, which means it is a demonstration.
From "examples", we can feel the charm of language, understand the expressed ideas and imitate the writing skills ... In short, "examples" are the bridge between students' reading and writing. Therefore, we should pay equal attention to reading and writing in daily reading teaching, organically combine the tasks of reading teaching and composition teaching, and scientifically combine the teaching of Chinese knowledge with the training of basic skills of composition, so that students can understand writing skills in reading teaching and write with what they have learned, thus gradually improving their writing level.