Weight collection value
Right, since the emergence of private ownership of human beings, there has been a concept of weighing and a prototype object, which has become the most primitive barter exchange tool, and it is also related to the later tax system. Judging from the existing unearthed and handed down rights, the earliest rights in China were Qin Quan and Chu rights, which were widely circulated in the Warring States Period. Qin Quan is steamed bread-shaped, with a spherical top button and a ribbed shape; The Qin Dynasty was issued by the government to unify the national balance system. Including Qin Quan in the Warring States period and Qin Quan in the Warring States period, which was reissued after the unification of Qin. Qin Quan is mostly made of copper, a few are made of iron, and occasionally are made of pottery. There are 8 kinds of weights: 1 kg, 5 kg, 8 kg, 16 kg, 2 kg, 24 kg, 3 kg and 1 stone right. All rights were accompanied by letters from unified measurement in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (221 BC), and some were later added in the first year of the second year (29 BC). Made in Qin Ershi, and carved two letters at the same time; What is engraved on the individual rights? Meiyang? (now Shaanxi Fufeng),? Pingyang? (now Zou County, Shandong Province) and other place names. In addition to Qin Quan, Shaanxi Xianyang, Xi 'an, Lintong, Baoji, Gansu Qin 'an, Shandong Wendeng, Jiangsu Xuyi, Shanxi Zuoyun, Hebei Weichang, Inner Mongolia Chifeng and Aohan Banner have all been unearthed. At the end of the occupation of the country, the bronze stone right of the high slave in Qin State unearthed in Gaoyao Village, Xi 'an, with a weight unit of? Wo Shi? , for the use of grain and grass; Handed down small? Xianyang pavilion half two? Right, and? Weigh money? Matching use. In the mid-Warring States period, Sima Cheng became a public power, and the inscription recorded the weight and weighing standard of the relevant personnel and power. Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, unified the weights and measures, and issued imperial edicts, which were cast on the weights and measures or made into imperial edicts embedded in the weights and measures as official standards. There are forty words in the imperial edict:? In twenty-six years, the emperor became a vassal of the world, and he was crowned emperor. It's a letter to the prime minister, and it's a letter to the prime minister, but it's not an apology. Anyone who doubts it is clear. ? In the second year, 6 letters were written:? In the first year, the system of imperial edict to the prime minister, the removal of illness, and the method of measurement were all engraved by the emperor. Today's attack on the number, but the engraved words are not called the first emperor, which is long ago. If the heirs do it, it is not called success and virtue. Carve this imperial edict, so carve it on the left, so there is no doubt. ? This is the imperial power of the Qin Dynasty. The unified measurement system of Qin Shihuang had a great influence on later generations, and it was also one of the important reasons for the prosperity of Qin Dynasty. Chuquan, on the other hand, is mostly in the shape of a circle, with semi-circular ring buttons, often consisting of ten, for use on the balance. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, nearly 2, Chu tombs have been excavated in Hunan, of which 11 have unearthed scales and weights, which are called Qian Tianping. When using them, money should be used as weights. This weight is engraved with the weight? Sizhu? Or some twos. People used scales and weights as funerary objects, which shows that it was related to the circulation of gold at that time. Because gold was expensive, accurate weight was required in the exchange. Many scales and weights were unearthed in Chu tombs, which was an indirect proof that gold was widely used in Chu at that time.
from the Han dynasty to the sui dynasty for more than 7 years, it was basically used? Weigh money? , that is, Qian Tianping and the weight of money power, have long been the basic monetary system in ancient China. According to the regulations of the money order at that time, anyone who dares to choose the light and choose the heavy should not take it. Weigh Qian Tianping? Those who weigh and measure the receipt and payment of coins should be severely punished, and they should be punished by compulsory labor for ten days.
Every dynasty in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties had a system of weights and measures management, and it was explicitly stipulated that private manufacture was not allowed. In the Zhou Dynasty, every year in mid-spring and mid-autumn, the temperature changed little. Weigh the same measure? . Qin dynasty? Method measurement? One school a year, the state issues standard weighing instruments, which are strictly checked every year to ensure the absolute accuracy of the weight. When receiving or borrowing, they are calibrated face to face, and there is no mistake. Right is the calibration weight, that is, the standard weight. In the Tang Dynasty, a special supervisor was appointed, and the weighing instruments were verified and stamped with the seal before they could be used. In the Ming Dynasty, its company Sima Ling was responsible for calibrating weighing instruments.
The ancient right is not only of high collection value, but also a precious cultural relic for textual research on history, politics, economy, culture, calligraphy and measurement, and also has artistic appreciation value, which can prove the history of weights and measures, the history of bronze development and the evolutionary history of ceramic industry in China. In November 199, our public security department cracked a cultural relic case in Gucheng Xi 'an, and recovered the national first-class cultural relics, a rare treasure of Qin Dynasty. One found in Suiwang County, Henan Province? Five years to the yuan? In 1339, the bronze right was also designated as a provincial second-class cultural relic, which shows its high value. The Reference Standard for Cultural Relics Export Appraisal also expressly stipulates that all kinds of weights and measures and accessories (such as ancient rights) before 1795 shall not be exported. It can be seen that the state attaches importance to ancient rights.
China's weighing instruments enjoy a high status not only at home, but also internationally, and they are highly valued. Even a traditional small scale (measuring the weight of valuables or medicines, the largest unit is two or four cents) is very popular, and it has caused a sensation in foreign countries. Here is a little story. In the early 199s, a Mr. Yu Qi, who went to a medical college in Europe for further study, brought a handcrafted handcuff which he didn't spend much money in Suzhou, and presented it to the dean as a small gift on Christmas Eve, with an instruction, which introduced the accuracy of China's handcuff in controlling the dosage of drugs and the situation that many hospitals in China still use this traditional handcuff nowadays. Unexpectedly, the dean suddenly summoned the next day, and several college officials were also present. The pole was placed on the desk with a balance beside it. The dean first expressed his gratitude in a serious way, and then asked Mr. Yu to demonstrate the operation of the clapper. After weighing it with the clapper, they rechecked it with the balance, and it was really accurate, and suddenly there was a burst of applause. At this time, the dean asked Mr. Yu to agree to transfer the gift to the college. Soon, China's ancient weighing instrument was equipped with exquisite seats and displayed in the exhibition window of collection room College. The explanation also said? China has used this scale to control the dosage of drugs for thousands of years. .
At present, there are tens of thousands of ancient rights handed down and unearthed in China, and most of them are collected in national museums at all levels. In the domestic collection field, there are relatively few ancient rights before the Southern Song Dynasty, but most of them are folk artifacts after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because the market price of these utensils is relatively low, there are few imitations on the market, and their prices are around 1 yuan to 1, yuan. On the contrary, there are inscriptions on the standard ancient rights tested by the official authorities in past dynasties, and their functions, years and manufacturing units are relatively clear, so they are of great collection value, and their prices are all around 1, yuan. The market price of a standard copper right with inscriptions in Qin Ershi period is 15, yuan, so there is still a great price space for the right in the market.
weight collection history
? There is a steelyard between heaven and earth, and the weight is the common people. ? The theme song of the TV series "Prime Minister Liu Luoguo" was vividly and aptly sung? A small scale weighs a thousand pounds? Philosophy. This? Weighing? Is power. Right, the Han dynasty called tired (tired), and the people called it? Fair old man? . In Qing Dynasty, Li Guangting said in Volume IV of Xiang Yan Jie Yi:? Does the shopkeeper call the weight a lucky boy and the scale a fair old man? . Weigh and take the level, and the level is fair. Weight, commonly known as weight, hammer and weight, is the weight of copper, iron, pottery, porcelain and stone that can be moved above the hanging beam and the weight of later generations. Hanshu said:? Power, baht, two, Jin, jun, stone also, so called things flat, know the weight also. ? That is to say, the objects that weigh are called scales, with scales as poles and weights as weights. ? Weigh? This is how the word is derived. Su Shi said it most clearly: The reason why people are believers is that they have eyes, ears and feet, and they know the amount of knowledge and the weight of their hands. However, those who don't measure by their hands will be measured and weighed. ? Guan Zi's theory of punishment said:? Things are governed by the law, and the law is beyond power. ? Power is like a steelyard to weigh the world's major events.
right, since the emergence of human private ownership, has the concept of weighing and prototype objects, and has become the most primitive barter tool, which is also related to the later tax system. Judging from the existing unearthed and handed down rights, the earliest rights in China were Qin Quan and Chu rights, which were widely circulated in the Warring States Period. Qin Quan is steamed bread-shaped, with a spherical top button and a ribbed shape; The Qin Dynasty was issued by the government to unify the national balance system. Including Qin Quan in the Warring States period and Qin Quan in the Warring States period, which was reissued after the unification of Qin. Qin Quan is mostly made of copper, a few are made of iron, and occasionally are made of pottery. There are 8 kinds of weights: 1 kg, 5 kg, 8 kg, 16 kg, 2 kg, 24 kg, 3 kg and 1 stone right. All rights were accompanied by letters from unified measurement in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (221 BC), and some were later added in the first year of the second year (29 BC). Made in Qin Ershi, and carved two letters at the same time; What is engraved on the individual rights? Meiyang? (now Shaanxi Fufeng),? Pingyang? (now Zou County, Shandong Province) and other place names. In addition to Qin Quan, Shaanxi Xianyang, Xi 'an, Lintong, Baoji, Gansu Qin 'an, Shandong Wendeng, Jiangsu Xuyi, Shanxi Zuoyun, Hebei Weichang, Inner Mongolia Chifeng and Aohan Banner have all been unearthed. At the end of the occupation of the country, the bronze stone right of the high slave in Qin State unearthed in Gaoyao Village, Xi 'an, with a weight unit of? Wo Shi? , for the use of grain and grass; Handed down small? Xianyang pavilion half two? Right, and? Weigh money? Matching use. In the mid-Warring States period, Sima Cheng became a public power, and the inscription recorded the weight and weighing standard of the relevant personnel and power. Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, unified the weights and measures, and issued imperial edicts, which were cast on the weights and measures or made into imperial edicts embedded in the weights and measures as official standards. There are forty words in the imperial edict:? In twenty-six years, the emperor became a vassal of the world, and he was crowned emperor. It's a letter to the prime minister, and it's a letter to the prime minister, but it's not an apology. Anyone who doubts it is clear. ? In the second year, 6 letters were written:? In the first year, the system of imperial edict to the prime minister, the removal of illness, and the method of measurement were all engraved by the emperor. Today's attack on the number, but the engraved words are not called the first emperor, which is long ago. If the heirs do it, it is not called success and virtue. Carve this imperial edict, so carve it on the left, so there is no doubt. ? This is the imperial power of the Qin Dynasty. The unified measurement system of Qin Shihuang had a great influence on later generations, and it was also one of the important reasons for the prosperity of Qin Dynasty. Chuquan, on the other hand, is mostly in the shape of a circle, with semi-circular ring buttons, often consisting of ten, for use on the balance. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, nearly 2, Chu tombs have been excavated in Hunan, of which 11 have unearthed scales and weights, which are called Qian Tianping. When using them, money should be used as weights. This weight is engraved with the weight? Sizhu? Or some twos. People used scales and weights as funerary objects, which shows that it was related to the circulation of gold at that time. Because gold was expensive, accurate weight was required in the exchange. Many scales and weights were unearthed in Chu tombs, which was an indirect proof that gold was widely used in Chu at that time.
from the Han dynasty to the sui dynasty for more than 7 years, it was basically used? Weigh money? , that is, Qian Tianping and the weight of money power, have long been the basic monetary system in ancient China. According to the regulations of the money order at that time, anyone who dares to choose the light and choose the heavy should not take it. Weigh Qian Tianping? Those who weigh and measure the receipt and payment of coins should be severely punished, and they should be punished by compulsory labor for ten days.
Every dynasty in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties had a system of weights and measures management, and it was explicitly stipulated that private manufacture was not allowed. In the Zhou Dynasty, every year in mid-spring and mid-autumn, the temperature changed little. Weigh the same measure? . Qin dynasty? Method measurement? One school a year, the state issues standard weighing instruments, which are strictly checked every year to ensure the absolute accuracy of the weight. When receiving or borrowing, they are calibrated face to face, and there is no mistake. Right is the calibration weight, that is, the standard weight. In the Tang Dynasty, a special supervisor was appointed, and the weighing instruments were verified and stamped with the seal before they could be used. In the Ming Dynasty, its company Sima Ling was responsible for calibrating weighing instruments.
events collected by the weight
? There is a steelyard between heaven and earth, so the weight is our common people? This familiar lyric reflects the close relationship between the steelyard and people's lives. With the development of the times and the popularization of electronic scales, the steelyard gradually faded out of people's lives, but at the same time, it also entered the collectors' field of vision.
Zhang Kuisheng, a collector in Jinan, has collected more than 3, scales for more than ten years, becoming a leader in this new collection category.
Zhang Kuisheng's collection began in 2. More than ten animal weights presented by friends from Qingzhou are his? Primitive accumulation Since then, he has been out of control. His weight collection has obvious characteristics: first, it covers all dynasties, as early as Qin and Han dynasties, and now; Second, it is rich in materials, such as copper, iron, porcelain, pottery, copper and gold; Third, there are various shapes, such as round, hammer, tower, melon, silver ingot, rectangle, square, ingot, drum, gourd, vase, bucket, seal, head, cone, cylinder and various animal shapes, among which animal shapes include chickens, sheep, dogs, monkeys, birds and Swiss animals. Fourth, the volume is different, the largest is forty or fifty kilograms, and the smallest is only a few grams; Fifth, the local characteristics are obvious, mainly the weights often used in Shandong and surrounding areas.
these collections of Zhang kuisheng are of great value. For example, the bronze and gold weight of the puppet Manchukuo and the gold weight of the Qing Dynasty have high cultural relics value; The Qing dynasty porcelain weight with a year's worth has important historical value; Porcelain weight decorated with figures, flowers, landscapes and abstract patterns, and Tian Qing Bai Yu weight engraved with dense nail patterns, with regular shape and meticulous carving technology, have extraordinary artistic value.
Zhang Kuisheng's collection was recognized and encouraged by Professor Fengjun Liu, director of the Institute of Fine Arts and Archaeology of Shandong University. Liu Jiaoshou once told him that the weight collection is unpopular, with few people studying it, and it is a minority collection with a better collection prospect. In Zhang Kuisheng's view, as a folk? Fair old man? The weight,? It stands for fairness, justice and honesty, which is also the essence of weighing culture. In daily communication with people, honesty is always the first principle. ? Yes, people in China pay attention to human relations under certain principles. When buyers look at the high-tilted scales, they not only feel the sincerity of the sellers, but also receive great benefits, which makes the scales have a humanistic character. The business made with scales reflects the uniqueness of China culture.