Among the ancient emperors who are famous today, Menes of ancient Egypt is probably the earliest one. He was the founder of the first dynasty of ancient Egypt and the founder of the unification of the ancient Egyptian state. Ancient Egypt is an ancient country among the ancient countries in the world, and Menes is a special person standing at the beginning of it all. Menes was the founding king of the First Dynasty of Egypt. He unified Egypt, started the era of pharaonic rule, and established a kingdom that had a long-term and glorious influence in the history of human civilization. Around 3100 BC, he conquered Lower Egypt, initially unifying the entire Egypt into a country, and creating the founding of ancient Egypt. of the first dynasty. He built the new capital White City, later called Memphis, at the southern end of the Nile Delta (near present-day Cairo) as the capital of Egypt. After Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, he launched wars of conquest. According to historians, the conqueror depicted in Egypt's famous "Narmer Tablets" is Menes. It is said that Menes reigned for 26 years and died while hunting.
Menes was the founder of the First Dynasty of Egypt. He was the first to complete the unification of Egypt in history. He played a positive role in promoting the development of the Egyptian country and the progress of civilization in the region. Menes was also an outstanding ruler. He took some measures to strengthen his control over Lower Egypt. The most important was to establish a new capital in Lower Egypt and place the country's political and military center in Lower Egypt to achieve control from above. purpose. So he founded a new capital, White City, in the Nile Delta (near present-day Cairo). Later, Baicheng was renamed Memphis. Memphis is also known as Gigaput, which means "Palace of the God Ptah", from which the Greek name of Egypt "Putos of Egypt" comes, which is also the source of the name of the country of Egypt.
Cao Cao (155-220), also known as Mengde and nicknamed Ah Ma, was born in Qiao County, Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui). He was a famous statesman, strategist, writer and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The founder and main founder of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms was first the general and prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and later the king of Wei. After his son Cao Pi became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu of Wei. Throughout his life, he conquered all directions in the name of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty and made significant contributions to the unification of the Central Plains. At the same time, he established extensive farming in the north, which played a certain role in the restoration of agricultural production at that time. The characteristics, innovation, and pioneering of Cao Cao's literary works play an irreplaceable and important role in the development of Chinese literary history. Mr. Lu Xun evaluated him as "the ancestor of reforming articles." Calligraphy critics in the late Han Dynasty rated five Zhangcao masters, namely Cui Yuan, Cui Shi, Zhang Zhi, Zhang Chang and Cao Cao. It can be described as a versatile generation of overlords.
Few people deny Cao Cao's military and literary talents. What is slightly more controversial is his political achievements. His political achievements are even worse than his military achievements. Looking back on the history before the Three Kingdoms, during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, China's population once reached more than 50 million. However, in troubled times like the Three Kingdoms period, restoring normal production order and ensuring that the people had enough food and clothing was an urgent priority. However, among the various princes in the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty, many were talented in military affairs, but not many were effective in domestic affairs. Political and economic successes and failures will naturally be reflected in the military (in turn, it is never easy). Most people suffered a lot because of this. The method to restore production is nothing more than increasing revenue and reducing expenditure. Cao Cao did an excellent job in both aspects. The implementation of the farming system actually ensures reproduction through state investment, and the work efficiency is certainly higher than that of ordinary homesteaders. Therefore, this policy had an immediate effect, and in a short period of time, the place was transformed into a prosperous place where "peasants, officers, and soldiers were farmed, chickens and dogs were heard, and streets belonged to each other." It is not an exaggeration to call it a great initiative. After Cao Cao captured Yecheng, in view of the heavy poll tax in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he changed it to a household tax, and the land rent from landowners (including farmers and landlords) was four liters per mu. This policy greatly reduced the burden on farmers and gained unanimous support. When Cao Cao was alive, he vigorously built water conservancy facilities and achieved great results. The power of these "trivial things" that were not mentioned in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms can be reflected from the following examples: First, Cao Cao fought two battles in Hanzhong, defeating Zhang Lu first and then losing. Yu Liu Bei, but due to the recovery of the north's vitality, he successfully moved out 1340000 households from Wudu, Hanzhong and other places (although there were incentives but no threats). Taking a family of four people into account, this is more than half a million people. If you think about the fact that the Shu Han Dynasty had only 280,000 households and 940,000 people when it surrendered, you can understand what a blow it was to Liu Bei! After all, soldiers and people are the foundation of the war of resistance. Second, in May of the 19th year of Jian'an, Lu Meng reminded Sun Quan that Cao Cao was farming in the Wancheng area (i.e., Lujiang). If he just waited for them to harvest, it would be like adding wings to a tiger.
Therefore, Soochow took advantage of the rainy season when the navy came and went freely, and Sun Quan launched a large-scale war to conquer a small area like Wancheng. Lu Meng and Gan Ning all went into battle and captured the prefect Zhu Guang, and moved (to put it harshly, robbed) tens of thousands of people. Return to Wu. According to statistics, the brothers Sun Ce and Sun Quan attacked Zhou Yu's hometown of Shucheng in Huainan four times, but without exception they looted and returned. Therefore, there was such a funny thing in Zhou Yu's hometown: Cao Wei worked hard to build large-scale construction projects, and Sun Wu worked hard to destroy, kill, and steal goods. At the same time, Cao Cao was also an outstanding poet. His "Dan Ge Xing" and "Stepping out of Xiamen Xing" have been passed down through the ages
I think Menis is a rare hero in the history of the world, while Cao Cao is He is a rare great man in Chinese history. In terms of historical influence, Menes is naturally greater because he promoted historical development and established a kingdom that had a long-term and glorious influence in the history of human civilization. However, in terms of military talent and literary attainments, he is far inferior to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was the founder of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms. He was the main founder of human beings. Although he was suspicious and jealous, he also appointed talented people. His counselors were Xun Yu, Cheng Yu, Xun You, Guo Jia, and generals Xu Zhu, Zhang Jia, Dian Wei, Zhang Liao, Xia Houyuan, and Xia Houdun. , Cao Hong, and Cao Ren all made great contributions to Cao Wei and are famous in history. But in terms of historical achievements and influence, he is slightly inferior. So I think both Pharaoh Menes and Cao Cao have great things.