Author: Zhang reposted from: confessions hits: 238
week
? 19 18 was born in Tianjin. Yenching university graduated with a bachelor's degree in western languages and a graduate student in Chinese. He is currently a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Art, a member of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth sessions of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, a director of the China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification, the director of Yanjing Institute, the honorary president of China Cao Xueqin Society and a member of the Writers Association. Gong Shu, his calligraphy is very important to the world. Biographies are loaded into various dictionaries.
? His major works include: New Evidence of A Dream of Red Mansions, Biography of Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, Collection of Sacrifices to Qin, A Dream of Red Mansions and China Culture, and The Art of A Dream of Red Mansions. , more than 2 million words, great influence, rave reviews. Other publications include: Answers to Calligraphy Art, Shadows of Sunshine at the Age of 20, Notes of Zhixuexuan, Beidou Jinghua, Heaven and Earth, Man and Me, Selected Works of Yang Wanli, Poems of Fan Chengda, etc.
Red and Black in Zhou
Red scientist week. People will think so.
However, Zhou himself said, "Simply treating me as a red scientist is a misunderstanding of the outside world. I really don't like the name' Dream of Red Mansions' and I don't like the name' Dream of Red Mansions'. "
This answer is very surprising. What caused him to devote all his life energy and time to the book A Dream of Red Mansions? What made him deny being a red scientist at the age of 82? Faced with this white-haired and bony old man, people don't know what to ask him at the moment.
A Dream of Red Mansions once brought him honor. Because of the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, he became an instant hit and became a hot figure at that time, because A Dream of Red Mansions became a "red man". This dream of red mansions once brought him bad luck and became a "black man" because of "red man". A Dream of Red Mansions has influenced his life, and his life experiences of "red" and "black" have changed with him. There are successes and failures; There are joys and sorrows. He has had enough of suffering and joy, sadness and joy, glory and decline.
After ten years of painstaking efforts, Cao Xueqin turned tears into ink and learned blood as words, which became A Dream of Red Mansions.
Zhou, on the other hand, spent 50 years working hard with half an eye to complete a million-word monograph, systematically studying the traditional culture of China. According to his own words, he has been studying the traditional culture of China all his life, not A Dream of Red Mansions. So he said, "It is not entirely right to say that I have devoted my whole life to the study of A Dream of Red Mansions. Of course, part of my energy was spent on A Dream of Red Mansions, and the other part was mainly spent on creation, annotation, appreciation, theory, calligraphy and the study of China's cultural spirit. "
Try hard with half an eye.
Walking into Zhou's study, I found him writing with his back to the door. Thin body curled up on the desk, turned a deaf ear to my arrival. Zhou's daughter went up to him and shouted in his ear, "Here comes the guest.". He raised his head and covered his ear with one hand, but he couldn't understand the tunnel: "What did you say?" Turned to see me and smiled. He took my hand and said, "Sorry, my ears are hard to use." "Never mind," I said, "I can ask questions with a note." Her daughter said, "I'm afraid it's not good to use a note." He can't see in one eye at all, and the other eye has only 0.438+0 vision, which is only half an eye. " I couldn't help looking at what was written on his desk. I saw that it was full of words, but I couldn't recognize any of them. Cut every word. Zhou's daughter added, "I am the only one who can read his handwriting."
After sitting down, I began to worry about myself. I don't know how to communicate with him. In fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary, because Mr. Wang is a very experienced interviewee. He let me sit on the sofa, pulled a small chair and sat face to face. My knee just touched my knee. He said, "Ask! You can shout in my ear, I can basically hear you. " In this way, I suddenly relaxed. This is not an interview, but a veritable heart-to-heart.
Since it was a heart-to-heart conversation, I threw aside the interview outline prepared in advance. I asked, "When did you lose your hearing?"
"That's 1954. I was transferred back to Beijing and lived in the gatehouse hutong in the north of Dongcheng. I live in a main room with a big window in the south and a small window in the north. One day, it rained heavily and thundered. I stood at the window watching the rain. Suddenly, there was a thunderbolt. A fire dragon entered from the north window and came out from the south window. This fire dragon passed by my left ear, only one inch apart. At that time, I only felt that the sky was falling, my head rang and the world was silent. From then on, I can't hear it unless there is a thunderous sound. If you want a dragon to pass by your ear, I'm not deaf! "
After listening to the old man's story, I couldn't help showing surprise. I looked at my husband's daughter and wanted to get confirmation from her, but she just laughed and didn't answer.
I asked again, "How did you lose your sight?"
"1974, his eyes suddenly went blind, and Premier Zhou was very kind and concerned after hearing about it. He instructed People's Literature Publishing House to find a good hospital for Zhou to prevent him from going blind. Later, I found the most famous doctor in Union Medical College Hospital. Thanks to Premier Zhou and the ophthalmologist, I still have this half eye left. I try to keep my eyes from going completely blind, but I can't do editing any more. The doctor gave me three certificates in a row to People's Literature Publishing House, and I held back. I can't live without that editing job. Later, I really couldn't stand it, so I had to quit my job as an editor of People's Literature Publishing House and transfer to the' Dream of Red Mansions' Institute of China Academy of Fine Arts. "
"Since 1974, you have lost your sight and ears. What made you persist in today's cultural research? "
"Lao Tzu said,' Five colors make people blind and five tones make people deaf.' Being invisible or smelling is the key to resisting sound. But although it can hide people's eyes and ears, there is still a heart! I am still unwilling to be idle, so I have to listen and watch. From 1974 to today, with the efforts of this half eye, millions of words have been written and more than a dozen books have been published. There are studies on A Dream of Red Mansions, as well as poems and calligraphy. "
Faced with such an old man, people can't help feeling excited. At the age of 82, he is deaf and blind, but his heart is full of passion, his thinking is still active and his voice is like two bells.
An opportunity, 50 years of hard work.
"Although you don't think you have spent your whole life studying A Dream of Red Mansions, you must have spent a lot of effort on the study of A Dream of Red Mansions for more than 50 years. I suppose you have no objection to this? "
"Yes, I really made great efforts to study A Dream of Red Mansions!"
"So, what chance made you embark on the research road of A Dream of Red Mansions?"
"It was a coincidence and it was inseparable from Hu Shi."
"oh! Please talk about it. "
"At that time, I was a student in yenching university. I was admitted to the Department of Western Languages in yenching university on 1939. My ideal is to translate famous cultural products from China and spread them to the world. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, yenching university was closed by Japanese devils, professors were put into concentration camps and students were expelled. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, I took the exam again and re-entered the Yanyuan Garden, but I was no longer interested in western languages, and my interest was concentrated on the theory of poetry and literature. 1947, by chance, I found a poem by Cao Xueqin's good friend Dunmin in yenching university Library. This is what Mr. Hu Shi has been trying to find for many years in order to research Cao Xueqin, but he has not found it. I was surprised when I opened it. Six poems were directly related to Cao Xueqin. This is not only a literary work, but also an important historical material! "
So Zhou wrote the first article on A Dream of Red Mansions, which was published in the Republic of China Daily. This article leads to a much-told story of Zhou and Mr. Hu Shi. After seeing Zhou's article, Mr. Hu Shi was very happy and took the initiative to write a letter to Zhou, which was also published in the newspaper. The results have attracted the attention of academic circles.
Zhou said: "I am very grateful to Mr. Hu Shi, but our academic views are different. Mr. Hu Shi's letter only agreed with half of my research at that time, and the other half had reservations. I was a teenager at that time, full of vigor and vitality. I don't know the vast territory and abundant resources, and my words are heavy, so I will debate with Mr. Hu Shi in another article. "
Mr. Hu Shi wrote back soon. From the winter of 1947 to the autumn of the following year, Mr. Hu Shi wrote six letters to Zhou to discuss the problem of redology. Perhaps Mr. Hu Shi didn't expect that his six letters gave a young student great encouragement and made Zhou embark on the long and arduous road of redology research for half a century. I can't help but ask curiously, "Are all these letters still there?"
Zhou replied, "These letters have become cultural relics. During the Cultural Revolution, most of my old letters with historical value were lost.' Hu Liuhantong' (Hu Shi's six letters) was well preserved because it was extremely important political evidence. "
Correspondence with Mr. Hu Shi became the beginning of Zhou Hongxue's research career. With the deepening of research, Zhou took the liberty of borrowing extremely precious Jiaxu books from Hu Shi's library.
Zhou said, "I haven't met Hu Shi at that time. I was just a student in yenching university, and I don't know who it was. Mr. Hu Shi dared to lend me such a precious collection. At that time, it was brought from the city by a gentleman named Sun Jiedi, wrapped in an old newspaper, which was written by Mr. Zhou on the fourth floor of yenching university with a thick pen. I was a student at that time. Mr. Hu was very polite and used the word Mr. I have always treasured this old newspaper. "
Zhou was shocked to see this book. Cao Xueqin's original work was so different from what was popular at that time. 1948 During the summer vacation, Zhou brought this wonderful book back to his hometown. When Zhou's fourth brother often sees it, he is shocked! It turned out that Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions was distorted and tampered with so badly by Gao (referring to Cheng Yi). Unfortunately, the original paper has become yellow and brittle, which makes people unable to understand it.
"What shall we do? There's no way to study it. My brother said, OK! I am now determined to copy this book with an ink pen and a brush. There was no photocopying at that time. Unfortunately, I can't find this book now. 1949 On the eve of the liberation of Beiping, the situation was tense. Thinking that I still have a copy of Jiaxu, I was worried that it could not be compensated for the damage, and I thought that the book should be returned to its original owner, so I made a special trip to Hufu-Dongchang Hutong, Dongcheng 1. I didn't see Hu Shi himself at that time, but a middle-aged man opened the door and called him Hu Shi's son. I gave the book to Hu Gongzi and left in a hurry. "
According to historical records, when Hu Shi left Beiping for the south, there were thousands of books left at home, only two of which were taken away, one of which was Jia's and returned to him by Zhou. A Dream of Red Mansions shows the value of this book. After several years' research, Zhou completed the New Certificate of A Dream of Red Mansions with nearly 400,000 words. This book was written by my younger brother, Hu Zhou, and has been sent to the publishing house. 1953 After the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, it immediately caused a sensation in academic circles at home and abroad. Zhou was teaching at Sichuan University at that time. After the book came out, there was a long queue in front of Shanghai Changfeng Bookstore. The book was out of stock, and the third edition was thrown out within three months. Almost everyone has one at the Beijing Cultural Conference. Hu Shi, who is far away from the other side of the ocean, later wrote in his article that Chang Ru's calligraphy skill is really admirable and can be regarded as my good apprentice. After the new certificate came out, Mao Zedong also read it. In Mao Zedong's reading and comments on five classic novels, he mentioned the new certificate twice.
1954, was transferred back to Beijing from Sichuan University by special telegram from the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China on Wednesday and became an editor of People's Literature Publishing House. Since then, the movement to criticize Yu and Zhou has gradually escalated, and Zhou soon became a typical representative of "bourgeois Hushi school idealism". Zhou changed from "red" to "black" at the age of 34. Interestingly, an American scientist named Maitreya Mountain also called Zhou a "red scientist" in his works.
Talk about the Red Chamber instead of Redology.
"Anyone who has seen A Dream of Red Mansions knows that only the first eighty chapters belong to Cao Xueqin, and the last forty chapters are filled by Gao E. You always thought that the last forty chapters were false. Can you talk about your opinion in general? "
"This is the most controversial issue in redology research. Cao Xueqin worked hard for ten years. Why did he write such a big book? This point is clearly stated in the original work. Lao can also make it very clear in the preface he wrote for his novel. A thousand red caves (crying), Wan Yan holding a cup (sad). This is the deepest and most extensive lament for the fate, situation, misfortune and tragic ending of women (daughter's family) in the old China era, and it has written a great tragedy. However, Gao E stole the bait and switch the bait, which led to the little tragedy of brother and sister. People who have generally read A Dream of Red Mansions today have a fixed impression in their minds-unhappy marriage and tragic love, and Jia Baoyu is a rebel. This is the most general understanding of A Dream of Red Mansions, and this contribution is really Gao E's. I said that such a great and lofty tragedy does not allow you to deteriorate, degenerate, shrink or vulgarize. "
"So, in your opinion, what should the last 40 chapters be?"
"I'll correct this problem for you first. The original is not 40 times after 80 times. Eighty plus forty is 120, which is the peak of China's novels. According to my research, Cao Xueqin is going to write the role of 108 daughters, and the book is going to be written 108 times. 108 is an important representative number in our China culture, and 9 is a positive number, which is the highest representative of odd numbers and odd numbers; 12 is a negative number, which is the highest representative of even numbers and even numbers. Multiplying 9 by 12 results in 108 representing the most, which is a symbol, not a real number. The original work ended in 78, and after 78, the pen and ink changed suddenly. "
"When it comes to 108, people can't help but think of the Water Margin. There are 108 generals in Water Margin. Does Cao Xueqin imitate them? "
"Yes!" Cao Xueqin admired 108 outlaws in Water Margin, which was well written. No one dared to write about robbers before, but you did, and it was so well written that Cao Xueqin was deeply influenced and inspired by it. Cao Xueqin is a great talent, so I can't repeat you. Your desperate heroes are all written. What should I write? Write pink hero, write pink hero. This is what Qin can talk about. This is the greatness of A Dream of Red Mansions. Maybe you will gradually understand what I said. My research on a dream of red mansions is not isolated, nor is it a general so-called red fan. I think this novel is great, that is, I love a dream of red mansions and so on ... of course, it also contains such factors, but in fact I don't attach importance to it because it is a famous novel. What I am really interested in is the China culture contained in the book. I want to learn A Dream of Red Mansions and see what is the great spirit of our traditional culture in China. I think this great spirit is contained in A Dream of Red Mansions. "
At this time, his daughter said with a smile, my father knows a lot about A Dream of Red Mansions and Cao Xueqin. He celebrates Cao Xueqin's birthday every year, but he doesn't know my mother's and mine.
I asked with a smile, "You tell a dream of red mansions like a few treasures, and you are worthy of being a red scientist, but why don't you want people to call you a red scientist?"
"First of all, I'm not a redology person anymore. I lived overseas for one year, and after returning from 1987, I talked with Comrade Li Xifan, then the executive vice president of the Art Research Institute, about my wishes. I didn't want to be in the Institute of Dream of Red Mansions, so I resigned. The complex relationship between people in the dream world is too demanding. I am an old scholar, and decades of experience and lessons tell me that I have no ability to deal with all kinds of interests in the dream world. Why should I bother in this respect? I left the Dream of Red Mansions Institute from 1978, which is equivalent to leaving the redology circle. Although the redology circle includes researchers from universities and social sciences all over the country, it is actually the Dream of Red Mansions Institute that controls our redology circle. Also, at present, in the media, the general public doesn't know about A Dream of Red Mansions, thinking that you people have nothing to do when you are full and have nothing to do to study the love of brothers and sisters ... This is simply terrible. Moreover, some people and things in the so-called Dream of Red Mansions cannot be respected. Most people have complaints. I'm mixed in, and everything is on my head, which makes me unbearable. I quit and stay out of it. I do my own study. "
"But, as we all know, when you were transferred from Sichuan to Beijing, it was because of the publication of your New Certificate of A Dream of Red Mansions that organizational attention was paid to you! Some things in the dream world should be inseparable from you. "
"However, after I transferred to Beijing, 10 was the beginning of criticizing the Yu and Hu movements, and I became the object of criticism step by step. In the future, I will not only not be responsible for everything in the dream world, but even have no right to know. I was marginalized. But people who don't know the truth, especially some people in the academic circles, still think that I was transferred to preside over everything in Redology. For this reason, there is a great misunderstanding about me, and there are many things I think I did, which makes me speechless. One more thing, I have nothing in common with some so-called redologists in the field of redology. "
"A Dream of Red Mansions has its special status in China. It is closely related to the political and cultural life of our new China. Aside from its influence on the real life of China people, it is enough to make people think deeply. Can you tell me why? "
"It is well known that the status of Redology was improved by Chairman Mao. Without Chairman Mao, I don't know what would have happened to this so-called love novel! After liberation, a dream of red mansions has developed to its present position, which is unimaginable without Chairman Mao. At that time, Chairman Mao also advocated criticizing Yu and Hu, but the movement expanded and broke out. This is no longer a dream of red mansions. This is a great academic movement that shocked the world. "
"A Dream of Red Mansions not only has a far-reaching impact on the political life of China people, but also affects our cultural life. I am afraid that no literary work in the history of China can have such a great influence. "
"Yes, A Dream of Red Mansions, which is widely valued, loved, talked about, studied, presented and performed, is no longer a simple book. It is a phenomenon, which we can call A Dream of Red Mansions. This phenomenon includes not only the study of it, but also many researchers of A Dream of Red Mansions and this special group of A Dream of Red Mansions. The root of this phenomenon is the traditional culture of China. "
Life depends on life.
"We just talked about mostly academic topics. Now I want to ask you some personal questions. Your life can be described as ups and downs, from red to black and from black to red. Can you talk about what is the most painful memory in your life? "
"To tell the truth, A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragic academic, and choosing it is a tragedy in itself. Students in first-class universities are dismissive, and those who are interested are not qualified, so they fall into the hands of my generation. In a sense, this is also a kind of pain. Of course, this kind of pain is just my personal sadness. The real great sorrow is connected with the life and death of the whole nation. "
Zhou is silent here. I looked at him and silently felt the pain he said. After a while, he said, "You just asked me what is the most painful memory in my life. I tell you, it was War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time, when I was studying in yenching university. After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese closed yenching university and expelled students. At that time, Fu Jen Catholic University advertised and many students went. Many students went to study! I resolutely refused to go. I went back to my hometown in Tianjin. Going back to my hometown is not peaceful. There is a local traitor organization called Xinmin Society, which specializes in recruiting young students who are out of school and unemployed to serve them. I had to hide in the cellar. My hometown is forty or fifty miles away from Tianjin and belongs to a big town. One day, I saw the only local primary school with my own eyes. The teacher led a group of primary school students to greet the Japanese garrison at the entrance of the village with the new sun flag. The little sun flag is made of white paper, that is, a red circle is drawn in red ink in the middle of a piece of white paper. At that time, in the sun, the small sun flag in the hands of primary school students stung my eyes. At that time, I wanted to cry, and I wanted to shoutno. A kind of despair and pain left me speechless. I feel my heart is bleeding and my heart is broken. So today you asked me the most painful memory, and the wound was touched at once. Alas-"
Zhou's pain is the pain of our nation, and his injury is also the old injury of our nation. The great sorrow of this country will never be repeated. I touched the same scar in our hearts. The old man in front of him was almost gripped by a painful memory. In order to change his mood, I quickly asked, "What is the happiest thing in your life?"
"I was put in the bullpen for quarantine review at 1968. Almost a year later, I was sent to work in the May 7th Cadre School in Xianning, Hubei Province, and went for 1 1 month. I can't do heavy work because of my poor health. Let me see the vegetable garden. At 4 o'clock at night, the sky was full of stars, and a bamboo pole was on the column, wading through knee-high water and reaching a big lake embankment. You can see the whole vegetable field there, and there was no one there. I stood on the river bank and looked up to the east. The morning star lights up, the sky in the east is fish-belly white, and the sun comes out bit by bit, full of hope. I felt very special when I saw this scene. I suddenly have confidence in myself and feel that my future will be as full of hope as the morning sun. After dawn, I was changed back. I was walking on the road when a comrade told me that the team office asked you to go. At that time, my heart thumped, I didn't know what mistake I had made, and I was afraid. When I went to the team office, the person in charge told me that I needed you for my work in Beijing and I wanted to transfer you back. I couldn't believe it then. Then the boss said to me, you can stop working from today and pack your things! Would you like to leave one day and contact us? As soon as I heard it, it was a leap into heaven! Going to the headquarters to get an official letter, walking on the road is like a dream, and even people can't hear me say hello. Look at the official letter, my god! This is a special telegram sent by Premier Zhou's general office to the commander of Hubei Military Region. Zhou was transferred back to Beijing to work. You can imagine how I felt at that time, which was the happiest thing in my life. I still keep a copy of a special telegram. As a result, I suddenly changed from' black' to' red'. On the way back to Beijing, even the waiter was assigned to me. It was September 5th, 1970. This is my anniversary, and Premier Zhou sent me back. I had no idea what was going on at that time. It is rumored that I have contact with Premier Zhou. Isn't this nonsense? I am the king, how can I get in touch with Premier Zhou at that time! "
I was stunned by the ups and downs of Zhou. Facing the old man in front of me, I asked a very sharp question: "You are 82 years old this year. What do you think of life and death? "
"I hope to live a few more years. Not afraid of death. It is difficult for a deaf and blind person like me to accumulate some knowledge. I have just accumulated something, I have just matured, and my understanding has just begun to deepen, but it is time to end my life. This is the misfortune of mankind and the loss of human culture. I think people should live a few more years. Only in this way can we make more contributions to future generations. My understanding of life is comprehensive, mainly spiritual intelligence, not pure natural life. In fact, it is meaningless to prolong a purely physical life, because any life depends on life. The law of the jungle animals rely on weak lives to maintain their own lives. The same is true of human beings. Everything we eat is life. Rice, wheat, beans, vegetables and the roots, stems and flowers of all plants contain vitality. Not to mention, meat is an animal's life, which is cruel. Your life has been extended by countless lives. It is the most selfish understanding to think that one's own life is precious and others' lives should end. So if you live, you have to make a contribution, otherwise you are wasting your life. Speaking of myself, I miss human affairs very much. Although there are so many hardships and disappointments in life, especially now that I am deaf and blind, I am still working hard with half an eye, because I still have endless work that no one can replace. I still feel healthy. I haven't thought about death yet, at least I haven't had time to mention it on the agenda. A man lives until his body dies. He can continue to contribute in another way. Because his thoughts still exist after his death, he still has disciples and children as his heirs, and he still has works in the world. "