"Attention" is a psychological phenomenon, which is familiar to people and is usually called "concentration". When I was a child, I listened to the radio and watched TV cartoons, but turned a deaf ear to the people around me and turned a blind eye. This is attention.
Cultivating children's attention should start from preschool. This is because the main task of preschool education is to prepare children for learning activities through some formal learning. Good attention is the premise for children to learn to concentrate on school. Many parents only learn a lot of words for preschool children. He is interested in painting, but neglects to cultivate their attention. As a result, in primary school, it is difficult for these children to adapt to formal learning, and they are not serious in class and homework, which seriously affects the improvement of their academic performance.
How to cultivate children's attention? The first necessary living habit is to cultivate children's good living habits. The way to take is not a storm, but to start from small things. If the child sleeps, get up; Eat in time, eat a bowl of toys without recovery, and do it well, otherwise the details will be left to ... and there will be no education. However, not all small things need to be managed, but the "small things" that are formed for children's growth and quality are essential.
What children have never seen or heard can attract their attention with unique charm. Therefore, children should integrate into nature and observe strange plants and strange buildings to cultivate their interest. Interest is observation, strength is concentration. Help children determine the purpose and task of observation, because children like to look around, the purpose is not to grasp the essentials, so they can't gain anything. Therefore, parents should inform their children of the requirements and goals they intend to put forward, and guide them to grasp the essence, from the shallow to the deep, and do their best.
It is not enough to pay attention to early learning difficulties and interference, or to boring content. We must consciously cultivate children's self-control, and pay attention to subordinates' activities for this purpose and mission. After a period of time, parents and children concentrate on one thing, such as drawing and practicing calligraphy, to cultivate children's self-control. Don't scream, do it for a while, and that thing they call. Training is the best fixed time and place to form a mental activity.
The greater a child's interest in things, the easier it is to form a stable and focused attention. Parents don't all children study in the room. They should be encouraged to engage in various activities, so that they can explore and cultivate their abilities and interests and develop their attention.
Rest from time to time and irregular life are the main reasons for children's distraction. Learning intelligence consumes a lot of brain oxygen, eager for success in life, forcing children to engage in monotonous learning activities for a long time, which will inevitably lead to children's tired spirit and intellectual dispersion throughout the day. Psychological experiments show that 3-year-old children's attention can last for 35 minutes, 10 minute, and 4-year-old children's attention can only last for 15 minute. Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable schedule for children, and children should have fun. When should they concentrate on completing their study tasks and develop good work and rest habits?
At the same time, create a quiet family learning atmosphere so that children can concentrate on their studies. Parents should be quiet first and don't do anything that distracts their children, such as watching TV, talking loudly or laughing. Parents study hard and let their children follow the example. Children should not care too much about nagging and ask questions, instead of receiving guests in their study room, disturbing them and making them unable to concentrate.
According to the survey, children's inattention has caused many parents a headache, so we should correct the existing problems from the aspects of children's health, personality and family environment.
Research shows that the degree is inversely proportional to the age of children's distraction: the average attention span of 2-year-old children is 7 minutes; Five years old 12 minutes, five years old 14 minutes. As children grow older, they will gradually know how to focus on important things to become better and pay more attention to time. Therefore, to judge whether a child is attentive, the length of attention should be based on the child's age, not the subjective feelings of parents.
Children don't pay attention to it, which usually takes two forms: one is fleeting and often shifts to key goals; Second, pay attention to people who are absent-minded, often immersed in daydreaming and forgetting things, not children who are not paying attention, but paying attention to dislocation. As long as parents carefully correct what they care about, they will often have amazing performance and achievements. There are many reasons why physical children are not focused. If there is discomfort, unfavorable police force or perception, leading to anxiety, nervous system or brain micro-function problems, there will be inattention, which must be examined and treated by a doctor.
In addition, lack of psychological security and self-confidence, over-dependence, inattention, lack of patience or emotional distress. Most of these cases are conducted through environmental education and training. In addition to solving physical problems, parents should realize that it can actually be used to concentrate on training, learning and cultivating habits. Therefore, while complaining that children are not paying attention, we must reflect on our imperfections.
For example, children's general commitment to playing games is to cultivate the habit of concentration, and parents must not disturb, disturb or interrupt. Usually, parents have appropriate game time and daily life, designate a fixed corner to play games, and the environment is arranged in an orderly manner to reduce the interference of external things on children. Parents also said that children are not required to be uninterested or more capable. In order not to let them change their activities, adults can't escape the blame.
In addition, the atmosphere must be stable, avoid moving frequently, and there are too many people coming in and out of the house. It is not appropriate to buy too many toys and books for children. They look around, confused and careless in terms of culture, habits, patience, repetition, and key targets.
Parents should set an example, show concentration, adhere to the example and be patient. However, when children are found to have concentrated performance, they should be encouraged and praised. about
Children from a story continue to increase the number of trainings. For older children, encourage them to be interested and capable before starting another one, and the time invested will gradually increase. In addition to reminding yourself that there are no distractions, parents should also show a good attitude. As long as these methods are adopted, children's inattention can be improved.
How do parents cultivate their children's good study habits
How to cultivate children's good study habits
Successful education begins with habit. The core of education is not only to impart knowledge, but to learn to be a man. Habit is the capital stored in the nervous system. A person develops good living habits and uses his rights and interests in life.
Recently, Sun Yunxiao, an expert from China Youth Research Center, said, "It is used to decide the fate of children." The power of habit is enormous. A habit unconsciously runs on this track. If it is a good habit, it will benefit for life. Children are the best time to cultivate habits. There is a formula for early education: one kilogram of strength = one ton of strength for later education. Explain the importance of early education. A few years ago, dozens of Nobel Prize winners got together, and a reporter asked one of them, "What can you learn and what university do you think is the most important?" The scientist said calmly, "In kindergarten." It is reported that in kindergarten. "Learn to do half your own things to your partner, not your own, don't put things in order and apologize for your mistakes, and observe things carefully." Scientists' unexpected answers directly show that developing good living habits from an early age is a decisive habit of living and studying, and so is it.
1. What are study habits?
Learning habits are the tendency of special children to perform specific activities automatically in specific learning situations. This is a point where children will learn automatically.
Second, how to scientifically guide children to develop habits?
Professor Sun Yunxiao's formula is to cultivate good living habits, in addition, to overcome bad habits and subtraction.
How to develop good living habits, etc. Cultivate children's habits and love of painting, let him draw a rabbit, draw the grass the rabbit will eat tomorrow, buy more grass or grass, draw flowers on the grass the day after tomorrow, and then draw on the blue sky, white clouds and the sun. Day after day, the good habit of painting naturally develops.
How to overcome bad habits by subtraction? As a child, it is normal to sit on the bench. A careful mother watched her son doing his homework. He drank four or five times in less than an hour. The mother looked at it, but don't worry, but the child did his homework before. The next day, I gave the child advice: Sit in the office before, I think your homework 3 is ok. With the mother's encouragement, there are really fewer children; A few days ago, my mother suggested that time is shortened, children and easy to do. Parents' wishes are arranged in descending order until the children can concentrate on their work. It is necessary to help children overcome bad habits, and more importantly, to protect their self-confidence. Good habits don't happen overnight. We should stick to them for a long time.
Some parents report that my children are inattentive and uninterested in class, reading (reading), seeing things carelessly and having poor memory. These factors will affect children to form good study habits.
Parents' children are confused by these bad study habits. The following family education methods have been formed: learning interest, attention training, reading habit training, forming the habit of active learning and memory training.
(A) to cultivate children's interest in learning
Children's interests are often in childhood. Children's interests often have their own uniqueness at different ages because of their different qualities. The development and performance of a child's interest is often a sign of his talent and quality. Parents often like to ask their children what their interests are and guide them to develop their interests continuously. A scholar's child, interest in learning and enthusiastic parents are all scattered in my heart. When I was a child, my parents' hearts seemed to need to light a pile of firewood. When a small fire falls and ignites, the wind will blow out, but it will not burn. The firewood is too tight for ventilation, too loose for fire, and there is not enough wet firewood. At this time, you must carefully care for the small flame, "coax" it to light up and flourish, and finally become a raging fire.
So, how to cultivate children's interest in family education?
Improve the fun of learning and cultivate direct interest.
Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once said: He disapproves of people saying that he is studying hard, because he never feels "bitter" in his study, on the contrary, he feels infinite "joy". If learning can bring happiness to children, then children will be willing to learn, and the younger the children, the more direct benefits interest and learning bring. For example, some children like drawing, maybe they are happy to draw on paper with colorful crayons. He feels that watching colorful lines stretch on the paper makes their imagination spin around, or maybe the teacher often praises him, although his painting is not so good. So, how can we learn to do a happy thing?
First of all, praise more and criticize less. Be good at discovering the advantages of every child. Some parents began to say that they didn't know how to play with lights and hated iron for not turning into steel. It's as simple as that, but I don't know that the criticism of good steel passivation always feels bad. There are always children who are suppressed by wrong practices in their studies, so they hate learning. If the child is really wrong, of course, he should also criticize, so that the child can understand why the adults criticize him and let him know the truth of the matter.
Secondly, let children experience the beginning of success. Adults try their best to give children a good start in knowledge, so that children can not only enhance their self-confidence, but also experience the joy of learning.
Clear learning objectives and promote indirect rights and interests.
The experience of excellent parents is that the purpose of learning and education should be combined with your child's thinking and practice, adhere to positive education for patients, and take the purpose of life in various forms in a detailed, vivid and infectious situation, so as to achieve good results for the purpose of learning. For example, some children learn to dance, but she doesn't like to practice the basic skills of dance, but she can participate in various performances in her study results and is interested in dance. This interest can encourage children to engage in basic practice activities. Therefore, parents should not only make full use of their children's direct concern and encourage them to study hard, but also learn the purpose of education and improve their indirect rights and interests. Many psychologists have realized their interest in dynamic action activities. The interest of Piaget, a Swiss child psychologist, is described as "Pan Wei, a famous psychologist and energy regulator". Interest is the most realistic and active component of learning motivation. A child's interest in learning can stimulate his enthusiasm for learning and promote him to achieve good results in research.
Children's curiosity, cultivate interest in learning.
Children are curious, studious and active, and adults should make full use of them to stimulate their interest in learning. Some children keep asking why besides calling the police. If parents understand their children's characteristics, they will play tricks, make trouble and adopt a critical attitude, which will damage their wisdom buds and dampen their enthusiasm for knowledge. Besides, the children try their best to answer questions. If not, you can tell him to find out and then tell him, but when it comes to doing it, don't be half-hearted. If parents fool him, children will not ask questions they don't understand in the future, which will hurt their enthusiasm and curiosity.
Establishing the external environment for training is conducive to cultivating interest in learning.
Only fertile soil can grow crops, and only a good family environment can cultivate excellent, intelligent and lively children. First of all, parents should set an example and love learning. Parents are their children's first teachers, and words speak louder than words. Parents urge their children to study hard, but children often play mahjong all night. Children may not be interested in how to do their work and study well, but how to play cards well. Learning may be no scientific knowledge, but a trick. Parents hold a book and a cup of tea after dinner, sit at the desk and write on it, and children often read and study.
(B), effective attention training
Good attention is an important factor that cannot be ignored with children's growth. Developing good attention in early childhood is the foundation of an adult's career, but children are active and interesting by nature, and it is difficult to concentrate on something. Therefore, in the "concentrated" targeted training, it is necessary to ensure that an "unexpected sense of gradual progress is created, so that children's hearts are not three rings. Here are some experiences of fostering children: BR/& gt；; 1, repeat the exercise.
Let the child read for 5- 15 minutes (time controls the child's age), close the book immediately and let the child retell the story. According to your request, prevent children from catching your request. Repetition can be flexible: for anyone, you can ask several main questions, books. What color clothes does the book wear? Book other things, and you can draw the animal images that children see. Finally, you can ask him to reread the scripture several times, and gradually the child will focus on developing his understanding.
Practice of jigsaw puzzle
The most effective thing is that this is a two-dimensional space exercise that focuses on children for a long time. Need to maintain continuous judgment, observation, imagination and analysis ability. This challenging game will give children a sense of accomplishment, and their sense of accomplishment will focus on a huge ending motivation. My son is two or three years old. I bought the simplest puzzle and started hitting him myself. Then slowly, he will try to buy more puzzle pieces and cube puzzles, so that when he looks at the pictures, he will concentrate and draw puzzles. Sometimes in order to increase his interest in games, I will tell him that my son can play fast, so that he will be more interested.
& gt domino practice
About 70% children's patience has improved greatly by "inattention" by stacking domino games. Domino training tests how long a child's single movement lasts-in the future, we can't expect children to face the habit of learning diverse, interesting and challenging subjects, and repeated training will not make them commit "Do you do this?" Dominoes are a good exercise to train both sides' mentality and the duration of concentration. Knocking down dozens or even hundreds of dominoes can get instant pleasure, and it can also promote children to train "monotonous" resistance. Only when they are happy and successful in the end can children surpass monotonous concentration. worried
& gt anti-interference practice
Children are greatly concentrated in an undisturbed environment. Parents can consider his "attention training space" and put interference sources, such as the questions he has done. Parents can watch TV. For example, when reading a book, you can talk completely. In this process, the child's phenomenon will be distracted and repeated, but in the end his anti-interference ability will gradually improve. It should be reminded that if your child concentrates on this kind of "attention training", you should not disturb him and let him do his own thing with peace of mind. )
(3) Develop the habit of reading.
The influence of books on children should not be underestimated. This book has a positive impact not only on his knowledge, his understanding of the world, but also on his language ability, thinking ability, understanding and personality development. Good study habits have contributed to his life and welfare. There are rules to follow in cultivating children to like reading. Read a book and tell a story to your child before going to bed at night, and often take your child to the bookstore or library on weekends. First of all, parents should always win this book, which will have a subtle influence on their children. My son likes reading very much. He can sit for more than half an hour with only one book. This habit is influenced by our family environment. His father likes reading books and often brings them back, but he also shows them to his son. How to do it specifically? I have several practices here for parents' reference:
(1), read picture books and children with parents, you can see the stories of pictures and cultivate children's interest. When looking at pictures, parents refer to the corresponding pictures, and then slowly transition to reading textbooks that children are interested in.
(2) Action performance, performance is to watch a story or song, such as how rabbits do, how elephants save rabbits, and how wolves do. Play family games according to the plot. After performing it again, you can repeat it several times and switch roles. Let children know the songs in this book story and play games to make them like reading more.
(3) The first question of the question, kindergarten parents can ask some simple questions, such as who did it, who do you like to do it, and so on. Parents in large classes ask "why, how" questions, so that children can fully think. Secondly, let children form, parents tell half the stories, leave the results to children, cultivate children's imagination and create their own. Finally, let the children ask questions. Children don't understand and don't know where to ask their parents. Cultivate children's study habit of not knowing how to ask questions. The above methods guide children to like reading, and their love for books declines, with good results. Parents may wish to give it a try.
(d) Develop active (self-employed) study habits
Let's listen to an example: a mother bought a pineapple, and something that the curious child had never seen attracted her. There may be two ways to treat this curious child.
One way: the mother tells the child, "This is pineapple, and it's hard for you to eat. It has very sharp thorns, so don't touch it! " What's more, if you touch it, it is round and can roll. You can smell it through it. Is it delicious? Now let's cut it in the kitchen and swim in salt water. It tastes sweet and fragrant. "
In another way, the mother tells the child "pineapple", then puts the pineapple on the floor in front of the child and trades to buy something else. Curious children must be interested in taking action on this pineapple. For example, he can reach out and touch the pineapple, and soon he will come back and shout to her mother, "Shit, this pineapple stung me."
Mother replied, "Yes, son, pineapples will hurt. It doesn't matter." Let the child try to grab a pineapple leaf and carry it with him, but the pineapple is heavy. The child quickly put it away. "Mom, this pineapple is so heavy that I can't carry it." Yes, heavy pineapple. "
Children may try to roll pineapples, but they do. He is very happy: "Mom, the mother of pineapple cold roll is also very happy:" You are so talented! "Mom, I smell it. Can't I eat pineapple? " Children are a kind of fruit and can eat pineapples. ""How do you eat? "Cut off the skin, cut it into pieces and swim in salt water. You can eat it. " "let me try ... it's delicious!"
2. Which one do you stand out from? What do you like? What's the difference, will produce different results?
We might as well analyze: the first way, the children soon learned, pineapple prickly, heavy roll, very fragrant, soaked in salt water to eat. This is what his mother told him directly, not what the child found. The future mother brings back some novel things, and the child may wait for her to tell him, just like this time.
In the second way, children will eventually understand that pineapple has a heavy sting. Pineapple can roll because it is round and delicious. It is cut into golden yellow and eaten with salt water, which is fragrant and sweet. Through their own attempts, all the children found that they not only knew their own characteristic pineapples, but also learned to understand them. They can touch them, hold them, roll them, smell them, cut them and taste them. Next time, their mother may bring back something different in nature, and the children may explore and know it in his own way, and in the process, let the children understand that these things are different in nature and know them in different ways.
The results of these two ways are very different: in the first way, the child will soon learn knowledge, but in the second way he will passively accept it. Children will also learn knowledge, although it will be slower, but he will learn to understand things, but he will also learn to think and choose different ways of understanding, according to one way of different things, but more importantly, he will realize that the fun of active learning and active exploration and the sense of time passing will make children.
Most parents may unconsciously adopt the first way to treat their children, which actually deprives them of many opportunities for active learning. In fact, in our daily life, there are often such opportunities for children to learn actively. The key is whether our parents are good at grasping. Let's give another example. For example, three or four children like to help divide chopsticks. At first, he might take a pair. These shoes are for dad. Let's use my mother's pair and take one ourselves. The impatient mother may be, he said, "silly boy, take more at a time. If you want three to six, don't you have to run more times?" In fact, when he summarizes himself, he will give the child a chance to learn to think with his brain.
He may have to run back and forth for months to think and do the same thing. Every time, can't he do it together? So, he tried to offer more things, but no matter how much he took, it was several weeks before he really realized that everyone had six. In this process, children learn to think for themselves, sum up the problems to be solved and experience the fun of thinking. Take time to wait. It's actually worth it, isn't it? So, I give some advice to parents to help your children establish positive study habits:
If you don't follow your wishes and your child's schedule is full, let him arrange it for a while. If he is too young to arrange any activities by himself, you can give him some suggestions and encourage more children to explore actively without too many unnecessary "no". When you concentrate on doing something, don't disturb him, try not to rush him, and don't constantly remind the children around you. That's not true. When the child is in trouble, don't rush to help him, give him some advice, don't rush to tell the child the result, give the child enough time to find himself, don't do homework and pack the bag instead of the child, don't get into the habit of watching the child do homework all day, and let the child do these things. internal storage
(5) Cultivating children's memory is a treasure house of knowledge, and memory and intelligence can develop continuously and accumulate knowledge. Here are a few games that help to enhance children's memory.
Open and display your name.
Six things are placed on the table in chronological order, let the children look at them for dozens of seconds, and then let the children find out the names of these six things from memory.
High resolution color
Let the child close his eyes and say what color hat, shoes and socks you wear. If you close your eyes and say the colors of his coat, shoes and socks, it will arouse the children's greater interest in this game.
Find items
Eight different small items have a good boy. Let the boy find these items one by one.
Picture dialogue
Put 4-8 different pictures on the table and tell the children to look at them for a while, then cover them. Let the children see the scene as accurately as possible.
5. The plane landed.
Stick a big piece of paper on the wall as a map, draw a big place on a piece of paper, which consists of "airport" and "plane", write down the child's name, click the thumbtack to let the child stand only a few steps away from the map or 10 steps, first tell him to look at the terrain, then blindfold him, so the map and plane he approached "landed at the airport".
6. Look out of the window
This game is suitable for children to play when they are out. Through the shop window, let the children look at the things displayed in the window carefully, then leave and let the children say what they just saw.
More relevant factors and specific methods are the good study habits of so many children, which parents are cultivating or training. It should be pointed out that children should concentrate on their studies instead of learning to touch here.