My agricultural dictionary is old
Guan Daosheng has a famous poem "I Nong Ci". It is said that when Zhao Mengfu was 50 years old, she wanted to take a concubine like a celebrity at that time, but she was too embarrassed to tell her that she knew and wrote this poem. Zhao Mengfu read "I Nong Ci" and was deeply moved. He never mentioned concubinage again. The full text of "I Nong Ci" is as follows: "You Nong Nong, you are very affectionate; A lot of feelings, hot as fire; Twist a piece of mud to make you and me. Break the two of us together and mix them with water; Twist the other you and shape the other me. I have you in the mud, and you have me in the mud: life with you, death with you. "
Guan Daosheng, whose real name is Zhong You and whose real name is Yao Ji, was born in Qingpu, Jiangsu (now Shanghai). Born in Ding Jing in the Southern Song Dynasty for three years (1262). Young people learn calligraphy and painting and believe in Buddhism. He has written dozens of volumes of the Diamond Sutra and presented it to Mingshan Temple. Married Zhao Mengfu, a famous painter in Yuan Dynasty, named Mrs. Wu. Guan Daosheng's running script is quite similar to Zhao Mengfu's, and his "Poems with Pictures of Xuan Ji" is exquisitely written. Good at poetry. Especially good at painting ink bamboo and plum blossoms. Bamboo on sunny days is the first kind. Yuan Yanyou died in six years (13 19). The surviving volumes such as Water Bamboo Map are now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. Figure of Bamboo Stone Collected in the Palace Museum in Taiwan 1 box.
Chinese name: Guan Daosheng.
Birthplace: Maoshan Village, Deqing County
Occupation: artist
Representative works: Pu, Shuizhu scrolls, autumn and mountain buildings embroidered Buddha pictures.
outline
Guan Daosheng (1262- 13 19), whose real name is Zhong Ji, Yao Ji, Huating (now Qingpu, Shanghai), also known as Deqing Maoshan (now Maoshan Village, Ganshan Town), was a famous female calligrapher, painter and poet in Yuan Dynasty. Smart since childhood, able to write poems and draw pictures, she married Zhao Mengfu, and was conferred as Mrs Wei by Yuan Yanyou for four years (13 17). In his later years, Zhao Mengfu was promoted to Bachelor of Hanlin and Doctor Rong Lu. His official position has been in the government since the first grade. However, Zhao Mengfu was still at the mercy of the descendants of the Song Dynasty and could not display his ambition. He was often depressed by shame, so he devoted himself to painting and calligraphy. Guan Daosheng once wrote several poems of fisherman to persuade him to go home. One said, "Life is expensive as a vassal, but fame and fortune are not free. It's like a boat, I want to go home and rest! " After five years' delay, Guan Daosheng's beriberi recurred, and Zhao Mengfu asked for it many times. In April of the following year, she was allowed to send her wife back to the south. Depart from Dadu (now Beijing) on April 25th and arrive in Linqing, Shandong on May 10. On May 10th, the sixth year of Yanyou, Guan Dao died in a boat and was buried in Taishan, James (now Dongheng Village, Luoshe Town, Deqing County). Three years later, Ye Zhao died. The two were buried together at the southern foot of Dongheng Mountain in Deqing County, Huzhou. Guan Daosheng's husband taught his son to inherit the art of literati painting and cultivate future generations. The "Zhao family" is immortal, and seven great painters have been produced in three generations. Zhao Yong, Zhao Lin and Zhao Yan were all famous for some time. Wang Meng is blessed to have this grandmother, who was exposed at an early age.
all one's life
Guan Daosheng was born in Xing Wu, Huzhou (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang) for three years (127 1 year), and Guan Daosheng was called Maoshan, Deqing County (now Ganshan Town). She was born with extraordinary talent, smart and sensitive, cheerful and elegant. "Calligraphy lyrics can be learned without learning", and she was born with extremely high talent. Coupled with long-term comprehensive study, she laid a solid literary foundation and cultivated various artistic talents in her childhood and adolescence. 1288 (25th year of Zhiyuan) went to Beijing, suspected to know Zhao Mengfu, and got married in 1998. I don't know whether it is love at first sight or admiration for each other, which makes two outstanding talents become soul mates, learn from each other, promote each other, unite as one and respect each other in later life, so that they can be independent and have their own strengths and complement each other. She and Zhao Zhao Mengfu are a tried and tested match made in heaven. Although lips and teeth depend on each other, they are full of all-round wisdom. At the moment of friction or estrangement with Zhao Mengfu, she can easily, timely and even predictably remove the crisis between them and maintain or even deepen their relationship. When she reached middle age, she was "as beautiful as jade". The long-term family chores and social entertainment made her former moonlight family exhausted, her thoughts more mature and her temper became grumpy. Zhao Mengfu's loyalty to marriage began to waver, and she prepared and insisted on concubinage. At this critical moment of the marriage crisis, she made this song "I" with elegant, approachable and positive attitude and feelings. A lot of feelings, hot as fire; Twist a piece of mud to make you and me. Break the two of us together and mix them with water; Twist the other you and shape the other me. I have you in the mud and you have me in the mud: I gave birth to the same cockroach (Qin, read it twice) and died in the same cockroach (Guo, read it three times). "Ci reflects your scientific attitude of criticism and self-criticism, and also reflects your close fate and family responsibilities, and becomes a farewell song to express the deep affection of husband and wife. Zhao Mengfu was deeply moved when she saw her first word. Since then, there has been no mention of concubinage. 1289 (twenty-six years of Zhiyuan), his son Zhao Yong was born. Judging from Zhao Yong's artistic achievements in painting and calligraphy in the future, Guan Daosheng is not only a peerless talented woman, a gentle and refined wife, but also a loving mother who is persuasive and sets an example. Guan Daosheng once wrote in the poem "Painting Bamboo": "It's sunny in spring today, and Cao Zhu and I are free. Recently, the spring is strong, and Sensen's children are born every day! "Express the mother's ardent expectations for her children through the dense bamboo shoots. 13 17 years (four years), Yuan Renzong posthumously sealed Zhao Mengfu as Duke Wei, and posthumously sealed the pipeline to Lady Wei. The world name of "Guan Furen" came from this, and because of her achievements in calligraphy, she was also called "Mrs. Wei" with Wei Li, a female calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and "two ladies in calligraphy" in the history of China. Although she is a married woman, enjoying all the splendor, she thinks that "30 years of fame, fame and fortune, life and earth" are the same as Di Fei's, and she yearns for "coming back and coming back" as Zhao Mengfu's. She once wrote in a poem "The Fisherman's Word": "Life is expensive, but fame and fortune are not free. It's like a boat. I want to go home and rest. " There is also a poem "The Fisherman's Word" that says, "When will you reach the water's edge when you look at Wu Xinglu four thousand miles south? Fame and fortune, daily salary, laughing and putting the fishing rod on the boat. " It reflects her yearning for leisure and freedom and indifference to worldly fame and fortune. 13 19 (the sixth year of Yan Xi) On May 10th, Guan Daosheng died and was buried in Dongweili Mountain (now Dongheng Village, Luoshe Township). Zhao Mengfu wrote the epitaph of Mrs. Wei Guan's family for her, which was full of Zhao Mengfu's deep memory and grief for his wife. At the same time, it also reflects a generation of cultural and artistic masters' high respect and fair evaluation of their conscience friends and another cultural and artistic master with almost the same height.
Social assessment
As a woman in a feudal society, under the feudal cultural prejudice that "a woman without talent is a virtue", she is so knowledgeable and versatile that she can still show such poetic interest under the heavy burden of social and ethical obligations of serving her in-laws, learning from her husband and teaching her children. How difficult it is to make Daosheng's works expensive! Guan Daosheng is good at painting with ink bamboo, and also works as landscapes and Buddha statues. The bamboo in his works is vigorous and beautiful, and it is famous all over the world for its "clear rhyme". Zhu Mohist studied from "Wenhuzhou" (Wentong), and his painting style became a scholar, and he created a new painting school. There was once a painting with bamboo branches, which was inscribed by Yang Lianfu. Guan Daosheng can not only transcend the secular world, but also be praised by social history; It can not only deal with the daily chores of ancient women in the family society, but also get rid of the feudal shackles and greatly develop and display their all-round and excellent talents. She deserves to be one of the few great women in the history of China.
strong point
Guan Daosheng is good at painting ink bamboo and Mei Lan. Clear brushwork. He also created landscapes, Buddha statues, poems and calligraphy.
works
He is the author of Chronology of Zhu Mo (1). Handed down from ancient times, the works include the Water Bamboo Scroll, Autumn Deep Post, Embroidered Buddha Map on the Mountain Building, Changming Temple Map and so on. In the third year of Ren Zongqing's reign, she painted a long bamboo scroll. The bamboo branches and leaves on the picture are various and lifelike, and there is also a poem "When the bamboo collapses, the clouds touch the stone, it should be a rainy night in Xiaoxiang".
Calligraphy and painting achievements
Good at painting ink bamboo and plum blossoms, with beautiful brushwork. He also created landscapes, Buddha statues, poems and calligraphy. His calligraphy style is similar to that of Zhao Mengfu. He once painted Xuan Ji's Picture Poems with ink and bamboo, with five colors alternating and delicate brushwork. Dozens of volumes, such as the Diamond Sutra, were presented to famous mountains and monks all over the world. He is the author of Chronology of Zhu Mo (1). Handed down from ancient times, the works include Shuizhu Tujuan (collected by the Palace Museum), Autumn Deep Post, Embroidered Buddha Map in Mountain Building, Changming Temple Map, etc. His poems are good, and he once wrote A Brief Introduction to Guanyin Bodhisattva. Appreciate the life handwriting of "Thousand Characters", and put the calligraphy of Zhao Mengfu, Guan Daosheng and Yong into the volume. The secretary of the library supervised it and said, "It is also a miracle to let future generations know that a father and son are good at writing." He painted a bamboo stone painting on the powder wall of Zhanfo Temple in Huzhou, about ten feet high and one foot five or six feet wide. Part-time landscape and Buddha statue.
Qiu Shentie introduced in detail.
It is worth mentioning that Autumn Deep Post is 26.9 cm long and 53.3 cm wide, with 18 lines of * * *. The whole post is a running script, with solid brushwork, slender body, ecological, delicate, smooth and vigorous. The full text of Autumn Deep Post is disorganized and eclectic, with a patchwork structure. Under the learning and appreciation, every place has its own rules, but the rules are invisible, which shows that the calligrapher's artistic skills have reached a perfect and superb level. This letter from home was written in the tone of Zhao Mengfu's wife Guan Daosheng: "Before Daosheng knelt down to restore her makeup for her aunt, Daosheng didn't say a word for a long time, and I couldn't help thinking about it. Autumn is getting colder and colder, so Ji went to pay his respects. At that time, the season gradually entered late autumn, and letters expressed concern for the elders. The letter also told my aunt about relatives at home. "Mrs. Jin Zuntang and your nephew Master Ji met here again. I think my aunt knows." Only at the end of this post, the handwriting is blurred. Although Mrs. Guan Daosheng's name was signed, it could be seen at a glance that it had been altered. Zhao Mengfu and Guan Furen have deep feelings, so most experts think that Autumn Deep Post should be written by Zhao Mengfu, not his wife Guan Daosheng. Judging from the handwriting, Qiu is gentle and gentle, which conforms to the characteristics of Zhao Mengfu's running script. Experts speculate that Mrs. Zhao Mengfu may have replied to the letter from home, but he was forgetful when writing it, and finally signed it. Zhao Mengfu, who loves his wife deeply, found out that his name was inappropriate and quickly changed it. As for the title of Guan Daosheng's Zagreb (or late autumn sticker), it was because her husband was so enthusiastic that he accidentally wrote his name. Because it was so beautiful, he didn't want to destroy it himself, so he changed his name a little. The original inscription was Zhao Mengfu's word Ang, which was later changed to Daosheng (the letter's rising is a traditional Chinese character). See Notes on the Handwriting of Celebrities before Ming Dynasty —— Jin Yong, published by Shandong Fine Arts Publishing House, page 56. Obviously, the word "Tao" is modified by the word "Zi" and the word "Sheng" is modified by the word "Ang".
Other relevance
Poetry and prose
There are not many poems left by Guan Daosheng. He has seen only a few poems, which are elegant in style, full of emotion, with pictures in them and scenes blending. As mentioned earlier, when Empress Dowager Cixi summoned her in Sheng Xing Palace, she wrote a poem entitled "Plum Blossom": the branches are tender after the snow, and the jade in the frost is cold; Thousands of villages can't stay, move into the painting to see. Guan Daosheng is a typical wife and mother. Zhao Mengfu once praised her for "dealing with housework, keeping things in good order inside and outside, 18 years old to worship her ancestors, and she will take all the medicine for any illness. Bow makes it strict. If a husband loses his virginity, he must redeem it. In case of human shortcomings, give everything within a week. As for the guests, they should be in the world and all are polite. " Zhao Mengfu came to Dadu, and was soon moved to Jinan and other places for fear of being "taboo" and "seeking help". Later, he published Confucianism in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other countries and was in charge of official schools there. Jiangnan is a prosperous and romantic place. Zhong Ji stayed in the metropolis and saw her husband stay in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guandaosheng for more than two years. With a woman's sensitive psychology, she sensed an ominous sign, so she drew a picture of bamboo and sent it to her husband who was out. The poem "Painting Bamboo" says: When a husband leaves for a new bamboo plant, bamboo will become the future of Fu Lin; It's better to be beautiful than to be beautiful.
Teach and inherit
Guan Daosheng's husband taught his son to inherit the art of literati painting and cultivate future generations. The "Zhao family" is immortal, and seven great painters have been produced in three generations. Zhao Yong, Zhao Lin and Zhao Yan were all famous for some time. Wang Meng is blessed to have this grandmother, who was exposed at an early age. Yuan Renzong used three calligraphy works by Zhao Mengfu, Guan Daosheng and his son Zhao Yong as scrolls. "The minister who ordered the collection said that future generations would know that there was a couple in our dynasty, both of whom were good at calligraphy." In his later years, Zhao Mengfu was promoted to Bachelor of Hanlin and Doctor Rong Lu. His official position has been in the government since the first grade. However, Zhao Mengfu was still at the mercy of the descendants of the Song Dynasty and could not display his ambition. He was often depressed by shame, so he devoted himself to painting and calligraphy. Guan Daosheng once wrote several poems of fisherman to persuade him to go home. One said, "Life is expensive as a vassal, but fame and fortune are not free. It's like a boat, I want to go home and rest! " After five years' delay, Guan Daosheng's beriberi recurred, and Zhao Mengfu asked for it many times. In April of the following year, she was allowed to send her wife back to the south. In mid-May, passing through Linqing, Shandong Province, Guan Dao was alive and dead on the ship. Three years later, Ye Zhao died. The two were buried together at the southern foot of Dongheng Mountain in Deqing County, Huzhou.