When it comes to the Song Dynasty, what comes to mind is a dynasty with highly developed commerce and extremely fragile military. Although the Song Dynasty had the humiliation that the emperor was captured by the Jin people first, and then there was a corner of partial peace, and finally it was destroyed by Meng Yuan, the demise of the Song Dynasty still brought a profound disaster to the history of China and the Han nationality.
So, in what ways did the Song Dynasty exert great influence on China?
firstly, the song dynasty was the highest peak of China's economic development. As we all know, the economic development of the Song Dynasty was very active, and it was at a historical peak in foreign exchanges, private individual economy, handicrafts and finance. In the third year of Xianping (AD 1), the GDP was 26.55 billion US dollars, accounting for 22.7% of the world's total, and the per capita GDP was 45 US dollars, exceeding the 4 US dollars in Western Europe at that time. Therefore, the economy of the Song Dynasty is also at the forefront of development in the world, with GDP accounting for more than 65% of the world, and the seeds of capitalism have emerged, making it the richest dynasty in China's history.
the rulers of the song dynasty were more open, weren't they? Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business? Starting from the top down, this kind of atmosphere is most conducive to the transformation of China from a traditional agricultural society to a modern commercial society. If the Song Dynasty does not perish and China's economy continues to develop, then China will definitely be an economic superpower.
second, the political environment in the song dynasty was relatively relaxed. The political system of the Song Dynasty generally followed that of the Tang Dynasty, adopting the mode of dividing powers, holding the post of prime minister by many people, and implementing the official appointment system of separating official titles from actual positions, which played an important role in safeguarding national unity and also caused? Poverty and weakness? The situation. During the Northern Song Dynasty, foreign relations developed further on the basis of the Tang Dynasty. In East Asia, they had close exchanges with North Korea and Japan, and in Southeast Asia, they also strengthened ties with Vietnam and Indonesia, which also affected West Asia and Africa.
if the song dynasty does not die, it will be the overlord in the spring and autumn period and the warring States period in the world.
Third, the science and technology culture in the Song Dynasty was highly prosperous. Three of China's four major developments appeared in the Song Dynasty, which shows the degree of science and technology prosperity in the Song Dynasty. China's ancient civilization was inherited and prospered in the Song Dynasty. Especially in the Song Dynasty, Confucian culture rose to the height of philosophy through the development of Cheng Er (Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao) and Zhu Xi, which is called Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.
in the northern song dynasty, there were many famous people in literature and art. The imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty allowed the literati to develop freely. Among them, the more famous literati are Wang Anshi, Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Su Shi, Ouyang Xiu and others, and the Ci works in Song Dynasty have reached a very high level, which, together with Tang poetry, has become the treasure of Chinese classical literature and art. In the art of painting and calligraphy, Zhang Zeduan's "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is the first to be promoted. By depicting the scenery of Bianjing, this long scroll has made nearly 6 people jump onto the paper and become an immortal masterpiece in the history of China painting. The Northern Song Dynasty can be regarded as one of the most powerful feudal dynasties in China's history.
Fourth, after the demise of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the culture and technology of the Song Dynasty. The destruction of civilization was a retrogression of history. The high-handed policy towards the Han nationality reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, and even closed its doors to the outside world, which led to China's science and technology culture falling behind Europe and declining in an all-round way, which was closely related to the decline of culture and technology after the demise of the Song Dynasty.
It can be said that the demise of the Song Dynasty brought a profound disaster to the Chinese nation, especially the economic fault and cultural fault of the Chinese nation, which did harm to the Central Plains civilization by importing Tubo and begging for chaos in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.