family background
Liuyong (2 photos)
Liu Yong was born in Rencheng County, Jeju, Jingdong West Road (987). From the first year of Chunhua (990) to the third year of Chunhua (992), Liu Yong's father Liu Yitong sentenced Quanzhou. According to the official system of the Song Dynasty, he was not allowed to bring his family. In desperation, he had to take his wife and son Liu Yong back to their hometown in Chong 'an, Fujian, and asked his stepmother Liu Yong's stepgrandmother to adopt them. It was not until the first year of Daoguang (995) that he returned to Bianjing. Therefore, from the age of four to nine, Liu Yong spent his childhood in his hometown of Chong 'an. After that, Liu Yong never had a chance to return to Chong 'an. The poem Zhongfeng Temple recorded in the Annals of Jianning written by Zhongfeng Temple in Chong 'an was written by Liu Yong as a child, and can also be called a child prodigy.
Liu Yong is a native of Chongan Wu Fuli (now Chajing Village, Shangmei Township, Wuyishan City, Nanping City, Fujian Province), where lotus flowers are planted. In front of his house, there is a huge white elephant and the beautiful scenery of Zhong Ling. The cultivation of Ji shaped Liu Yong's free and easy life feelings and short life experience, so he left home, that beautiful hometown, and never came back.
A bumpy career
Liuyong (2 photos)
Because of his bumpy career and poor life, Liu Yong turned from pursuing fame to being tired of officialdom, indulging in the charming and prosperous urban life, and looking for sustenance in "leaning on the red and leaning on the green" and "singing lightly". As the first poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Yong is a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and occupies an important position in the history of ci. He expanded the realm of ci and produced many excellent works, which not only opened up the theme of ci, but also wrote a lot of slow words, developed narrative skills and promoted the popularization and colloquialism of ci, which had a great influence in the history of ci. He is a scholar, official and foreign minister in Jing You. As a bohemian, he was down and out all his life. When he died, he was buried in the money donated by geisha. His ci mostly describes the scenery of the city and the life of a geisha, and he is especially good at expressing his feelings of traveling and service.
Many chapters sang the pain of some down-and-out literati in the prosperous times with sad tunes, which was really touching. He was the most accomplished poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and he wrote the Collection of Movements. Liu Yong's father (Liu Yi), uncle (Liu Xuan), brother (Sanjie and Sanfu), son (Liu Yang) and nephew (Liu Qi) are all Jinshi. Liu Yong's own career is also bumpy. He was awarded the Jinshi background in the first year of Jingyou (1034), which has been nearly half a year. The lyrics are excellent and widely circulated. Only one volume of his works, The Collection of Movements, has survived to this day. Describe the hardships of travel, such as Ling and Klang Ganzhou. They sang unbearable parting and unforgettable memories with a serious attitude, which is very infectious.
Fill in the lyrics
The breeze and the waning moon in the rain bell
Liu Yong won the imperial examination, but he never imagined that the phrase "endure floating names, change shallow names and sing low" in "Congratulations" provoked the emperor to sleep and lose his official position. As we all know, Jinshi is approved by the imperial edict. One day, however, the news reached the ears of Song Renzong. Song Renzong was very angry, so he erased Liu Yong's name from the list of China Jinshi, criticizing him: "This man is good at singing, so why should he" float his name "? And fill in the text. " After failing the list, Liu Yong claimed: "Deliberately writing lyrics." Deliberately writing lyrics, how chic!
Emotional problem
The love story between Liu Yong and a famous prostitute in a brothel.
Xie, a famous prostitute in the Northern Song Dynasty, was beautiful and loved to sing Liu Yong's ci. Liu Yongcai is too arrogant. He hates Injong and can't be reused. He won the imperial examination and was killed in Yuhang County. Passing Jiangzhou, I wandered around the prostitute's house as usual and met Xie. I saw a book "Liu Qixin Ci" in her study, which she copied in small letters. So, when she saw it and knew it, she was compatible with it. When leaving, Liu Yong wrote down new words, saying that he would never change his mind, while Xie vowed to close the door and wait for Liu Lang.
Liu Yong worked in Yuhang for three years and made many famous prostitutes in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but he never forgot to thank him. Ren Man returned to Beijing and met her in Jiangzhou. I don't want Yu Ying to meet new guests and go drinking with others. Liu Yong was disappointed and wrote a poem on the flower wall. Finally, he said, "I heard that Song Yu of Lantai is versatile and gifted. I wonder where to go all day? "
Xie came back to see Liu Yongci, sighing that he is really an affectionate wit. Ashamed of not keeping his former alliance, he sold his furniture and rushed to Tokyo to find Liu Yong. After many twists and turns, Xie found Liu Yong in the home of Master Chen, a famous prostitute in Tokyo. Reunion after a long separation, all kinds of feelings are hard to tell, and the two will get back together. Xie stayed at Teacher Chen's East Campus and lived with Liu Yongru.
Later, Liu Yong made rude remarks and offended court officials. Injong has just dismissed his post as foreign minister. The Oracle said, "Minister in white, write lyrics before the wind and under the moon." From then on, I went to the famous prostitute's flower house, and all the food and clothing were supplied by the famous prostitute, begging him to give me a word to raise my price. He is also willing to wander around the famous prostitute's house to write lyrics, claiming to be ordered to write lyrics.
2 Fame Editor
On the surface, Liu Yong has contempt for fame and fortune and is a little rebellious. In fact, this is just a loss.
Liu Yong [2]
After expecting to complain, I still can't forget my fame in my bones. On the one hand, he said in Like Fish and Water that "fame and fortune, I intend to fight for it." Don't worry about right and wrong. "On the other hand, he comforted himself by saying that" wealth does not lie in people, and there will be retribution when the time comes. Therefore, shortly after the first defeat, he rallied and fought again.
In the early years of Renzong, the exam results have passed, but because the word "He Tianchong" spread to the Forbidden City, it was heard by Shang Minister. When Lin Xuan released the list, Renzong used the word "He Tianchong" as an excuse, saying that Liu Yong was politically unqualified and dismissed him, and instructed: "Why bother to be superficial?" ("Wu Zengbian Zhai Chuan" (Volume 16). After another failure, Liu Yong was really angry. He simply called himself "Liu Sanbian, who wrote lyrics in sequence", and since then he has wandered freely between prostitutes' houses and devoted himself to the artistic creation of folk new sounds and new words. Unfortunately, in officialdom, on the contrary, Liu Yong, a talented poet, gave full play to his artistic talent in the field of ci creation. At that time, the musicians and singers in the workshop asked Liu Yong to write lyrics for them every time they got a new song, and then they could be handed down and recognized by the audience. Many of Liu Yong's new songs and words are the result of cooperation with teachers, musicians and prostitutes. Liu Yong wrote lyrics for musicians and geisha in the workshop, let them sing in the karaoke bars of restaurants, and often got their financial support. Therefore, Liu Yong can survive in a workshop without much food and clothing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Ye Luo's "Drunken Weng Tan Lu" Volume II said that "Qi Qing lived in Beijing and visited prostitutes in his spare time. Everywhere they go, prostitutes often give them gold materials. "Liu Yong earned a certain economic income by virtue of his popular literature and art creation, which marked the beginning of commercialization of literature in the Song Dynasty and set a precedent for the professionalization of talents engaged in popular literature and art creation later.
However, in this period of his life, he didn't really let go of his desire for fame. He still wants to be famous, and he still wants to embark on a career path. So he is either wandering or on the way to change officials. In the long road, long hope and loneliness, Liu Yong wrote a lot about detention. This kind of works has always been praised by scholars of all ages. Wu Zeng's "Notes on Gaizhai" was published 16 years: Wu Chao blamed the cloud: "The world says that Liu Jian is a folk song. For example, in" Klang Ganzhou ",it says:' first frost is getting cold, the river is deserted, and the residual photos are buildings. "This is really the Tang dialect, and it has not lowered the height of the Tang people." "Klang Ganzhou" is a imprisoned word. Chen Tingzhuo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Qin wrote about landscapes and Liu wrote about staying, which are all excellent, and some of them can't be described in words." Liu Yong wrote about 60 poems about his journey, accounting for nearly a quarter of all the words. The theme of "wandering" is often used to express the feelings and thoughts of literati after their unsuccessful pursuit of fame, so Liu Yong's words of "wandering" also reveal a strong literati temperament, which is manifested in remembering the past with the words of "wandering", such as Twin Sons, or expressing the sadness and loneliness of feudal literati in their pursuit of fame with the words of "wandering", such as "Returning to the DPRK" and "boating on the other side". Look at the word "Xuemeixiang": "The scenery is bleak, and the dangerous building has its own clear sky. I feel sad about autumn, and so did Song at that time. The fishing market is lonely and cold, and the water town is full of Wu Ye's sorrow. Chu Tiankuo, the waves soak in the sunset, and thousands of miles dissolve. Miss the beauty in the breeze, don't worry about your face, and fold your eyebrows. Unfortunately, in those days, Dun was a good boy. Elegant and graceful, full of body, water flows in the west and water flows in the east. Without hatred and yearning, I will pay for it. " Autumn scenery, who wrote sad words at the beginning of his poem, aroused his own sad mood in autumn scenery, which was the same as that in Song Dynasty at that time. Song Yu, the originator of the sad autumn complex, wrote this kind of sadness, reflecting the sadness and sorrow of talented people when they are old and their wishes have not been fulfilled. Liu Yong failed many times in the imperial examination. In the end, although he was a small official, he did not open up a stage to realize his dreams. In addition, due to the twists and turns in changing officials, promotion is hopeless. Liu Yong is full of sighs about life and life. Scenery such as Dangerous Building, Lonely Smoke, Residual Leaves, Chutian, Sunset, etc. show the bleak scene at that time more deeply. But this scenery is consistent with the author's inner feelings.
As Ms. Ye Jiaying said in "Seventeen Lectures on Tang and Song Ci", Liu Yong's ci successfully "transformed the poetic realm from a good girl in spring to a sensitive girl in autumn", which really wrote the sadness of a scholar. The next word became missing. "I want to be beautiful in the breeze, don't worry about my face, I will gather my eyebrows." Liu Yong misses the person he loves in the wind, and at the same time fantasizes that the other person is missing him. She should have a sad face and a frown. Such thoughts are written sincerely. However, the next sentence immediately turned to "traces of rain." Since Song Yu's Gao created the image of "sex rain" to describe the love between men and women, the word "sex rain" has become synonymous with the love between men and women. Here, "sex" is what it means. As soon as Liu Yong misses the beauty, he thinks of the scene of love in those days, which has almost become a common problem in Liu Yong's ci.
Among other words, Liu Yong didn't mention sex, but he mentioned places with fireworks, such as Chu Pass in Qin Lou, which also made the literati feel ashamed, and there was a beautiful geisha. The main reason is that Liu Yong spent most of his time with geisha in the capital, and those geisha gave him countless happy memories that made him feel that his self-worth could be realized. I will never forget the things and people I think of in the future. I will comfort myself and help myself when I am down and out. Liu Yong, too, the only thing he can remember during the trip is the fireworks woman who accompanied him when he was unhappy. A writer's experience determines his writing style. It was the social conditions at that time that gave Liu Yong such a bumpy experience and forced him to regard the place of fireworks as a harbor. Therefore, we can't ask Liu Yong to write such an ambitious sentence as "The River Never Returning". All he can think of and describe is the young memories of youth and the people in his memory, such as The Fairy of the Que Bridge (Journey).
Liu Yong [2]
Born in a Confucian family, Liu Yong has a romantic atmosphere and musical talent that are incompatible with him, and he has been busy between them all his life. He is infatuated with love, but obsessed with his official career. A set of actions combines his unremitting pursuit, the sadness of unfulfilled ambition and the tenderness of his children. He wants to learn, but he can't get rid of his attachment and dependence on secular life and love. When he is drunk, he always thinks about his reputation. Liu Yong is contradictory. His contradiction stems from both himself and the society in which he lives. He is a frustrated man in life and career. He has no time to pay attention to people's eternal and universal life worries. Instead, I focused on my own destiny, my depressed survival, my yearning and pursuit of true love, my persistent desire and pursuit of fame and fortune, and my enjoyment of my senses, expressing my incompetence and the pain of a difficult fate. So he can only make a self-styled "white skirt" with a secular tail.
Liu Yong opened up the field of Ci and created many excellent works. He also described the bustling scene of the city and the scenery of the four seasons, as well as other themes such as wandering immortals, chanting history and chanting things. Liu Yong developed the style of ci and kept more than 200 words. There are as many as 150 tones used, most of which are new tones that have never been seen before, and 78 of them are long tones and slow tones, which have made great contributions to the liberation and progress of Ci. Liu Yong also enriched the expression of ci. His ci pays attention to the structure of rules, the style of ci is clear, the language is natural and fluent, and it has distinct personality characteristics. He inherited Dunhuang music, wrote a large number of "slang words" in folk spoken language, and created Jin and Yuan music. Liu Ci also uses novel and beautiful tunes, which are full of charm, close to feelings and full of musical beauty. His ci not only spread widely at that time, but also had great influence on later generations.
3 anecdote editor
The origin of the name
Bai Yixiang Qing Liu Yong (about 987- about 1053) was born in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan, Fujian). Poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the most representative figures of graceful and restrained school, his masterpiece Yulinling. Formerly known as Sanbian, the word Jingzhuang. He comes from an official family, and all three brothers have the word "three" in their names. Three times, three times and three times respectively. As a teenager, he and his two brothers studied at the foot of Goose Peak in Wuyishan. Because they are all good at poetry and prose, the locals call them "Liu Sanjue". Later, because he knew his name, he was not allowed to be elected, so he changed his name to Yong and Zi Qing. Ranked seventh, also known as Liu Qi. There is a saying in Liu Yong's "He Tianchong", which says, "Put up with floating names and sing shallowly". Renzong once criticized him in the Northern Song Dynasty: "This person likes' shallow singing', so why' floating name'? And fill in the text. " Erase the name. So he called himself "Liu Sanbian, who wrote lyrics in sequence", devoted himself to lyrics all his life and was proud of "Untitled Scholar".
The way of imperial examination
Young Liu Yong wandered in Yanhua Lane. At the age of 5 1, Liu Yong finally went to Fujian, leaving behind "Boiling the Sea Song", giving deep sympathy to the people who cooked salt for a living at that time. In just two years' official career, his name was recorded in "Official Records of Country Names", which shows his talent in economic affairs. Unfortunately, due to his personality, he was exiled repeatedly, so he entered a wandering "floating life" and developed a preference for bleak autumn scenery. Liu Yong often compares himself with Song Yu and refuses to comment. In his later years, Liu Yong was down and out and died penniless. A group of famous prostitutes, such as Xie and Chen Shishi, saw his talent and infatuation and pooled their money to bury him. At the funeral, all the famous prostitutes in Tokyo came, and half the city was mourning. Xie put on mourning for him and died two months later because he missed Liu Yong. After death, there were no relatives to pay homage. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, geisha meet in front of their graves to pay homage, and they are used to each other. It is called "Hanging Willow Seven" or "Hanging Willow Meeting", also known as "Group prostitutes burying Willow Seven together".
The Liu family has been an official for generations. Liu Yong studied hard in his hometown when he was a teenager, hoping to inherit his family business and go from official to official. After finishing his studies, he went to Bianjing to take the exam, ready to make great achievements and try his hand in politics. Unexpectedly, Liu Yong, a romantic talent in his bones, was attracted by the geisha in the brothel when he first arrived in the bizarre capital, leaving his political ideal completely behind him.
Liu Yong [2]
After thinking about it, he made close friends with prostitutes in brothels all day, and wrote down his romantic life in his words: "In recent days, I am going crazy." In Luo Qi, there is a person who can care about it. ""Know how many conspiracies, Qin Lou is drunk. Still holding hands, I am attached to the embroidered quilt of Elsholtzia. "(Changshoule) certainly didn't forget the goal of the Jinshi in this trip, but he was" conceited and romantic ",confident and" proficient in art "and" versatile and good at diction "("Hitting the Indus "), and he didn't take the exam seriously, so that he could get the Jinshi and the top scholar easily. He once boasted to his potential sweetheart that even if the emperor came to the porch to try it himself, he would "be the best in the world" ("Long Life"). Unexpectedly, when it was released, it fell out of Sun Shan. Frustrated and resentful, he wrote the famous work "He Tianchong" (Golden List), claiming to "tolerate superficial fame and change to shallow singing". Your prince won't let me be a scholar and an official. If I am not an official, what can I do? Isn't it the same honor to be all-powerful in the ci world? It is "a talented scholar and poet, naturally dressed in white." "