Introduction of works
The Old General was written by Wang Wei and selected as one of the 300 Tang Poems. This poem is about a veteran who fought bravely when he was young, went to the battlefield, and was later abandoned because of "no work". However, he refused to accept the old age, regained his courage when the border war reignited, and still wanted to make contributions to the country. The whole poem is divided into three parts. The first ten sentences are the first part, describing the wisdom, courage, achievements and unfair experiences of senior teenagers. The middle ten sentences are the second part, which describes the poor life of abandoned veterans. The last ten sentences are the third part, which describes that veterans always have the heart to protect their families and kill the enemy. There are many allusions in this poem, but it is still boring, and it is almost obscure, too big to be taken. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
original text
The trip of the old general
Author: Wang Wei
When 15-20-year-old teenagers, they can capture the figure of Hu people riding horses on foot.
He beat the Meishan tiger, and he excited the yellow mane horse.
He has fought many battles and fought for three thousand miles. He once fought a million lions with one sword.
Lu galloped on thistle grass, but he saw the heavenly soldiers thundering.
Wei Qing's failure was due to the help of the gods, but Li Guang's failure was due to his fate.
Being abandoned doesn't have to be old, and the world has become the first in the past.
In those days, he was like an arrow shot at a lark by Hou Yi. Now he was born on his left elbow.
He sells old melons by the roadside and sometimes plants some willows around his seclusion.
Ancient trees extend all the way to narrow lanes, and isolated mountains extend to cold windows.
Swear in Kashgar, pray for wells in Kashgar, and don't complain about alcohol.
Soldiers lined up like clouds on Helan Mountain, and books in the army were rumors day and night.
The special envoy of Red Festival went to Sanhe for conscription, and the commander-in-chief sent troops to General Five.
The veteran wiped out the armor of steel armor and used a sword with a flashing seven-star pattern.
May the swallows bow at the generals in the sky, and foreign uniforms will never offend the emperor.
Don't be afraid of color, think that the restoration of the governor Yun Guan was worth fighting for.
To annotate ...
1, walking sentence: Li Guang, a famous soldier in China, was captured by tarquin. When Shi Guang was injured, he played dead. Later, on the road, I saw a Hu Er riding a good horse, so I jumped up, pushed Hu Er to the ground and ran back. See historical records? General Li? Biography.
2. Shooting sentence: In combination with the above, it should mean that Li Guang shot tigers in the mountains many times when he was the magistrate of Youbeiping. The white-fronted tiger (said to be the fiercest tiger) seems to have used the famous minister of the State of Jin, Zhou Chu, to eliminate the three evils. The white-fronted tiger in Nanshan is one of the three pests. Have you seen the book of Jin? Biography of Zhou Chu.
3, willing to count: can you push it casually.
4. Yellow beard on a summer night: refers to Cao Zhang, the second son of Cao Cao, who must be a yellow warrior. He once personally surrendered 50,000, which was very important to Cao Cao. He once said, "The yellow beard is amazing." This sentence means that Huang Xueer is not the only hero. When Cao Cao sealed the king of Wei, it was all leaves (now west of Linzhang County, Hebei Province).
5. Tribulus terrestris: This is a plant with triangular thorns. This refers to the iron thistle, an obstacle used in the battlefield.
6. Wei Qing: a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty, the younger brother of Wei Zifu, the empress of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and an official and general who conquered the Huns. Wei Qing's sister, Huo Qubing, was once in the territory of Xiongnu, but she was never trapped, so she was regarded as a "blessed person". "Fortunately" is Huo Qubing's business, but in ancient times, Chang Wei and Huo also said that because of Wei Qing, it should be related to Huo Qubing.
7. Li Guang's sentence: Li Guang made many meritorious military exploits, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took his old age as an odd number and suggested that Wei Qing should not let Li Guang fight against the Huns, so he regarded it as useless and refused to be knighted. Because because. Counting, fate. Odd number, odd number. Even symmetry, odd not even, not even not meet.
8. The flying arrow (a kind of "flying sparrow") has no whole eye: Bao Zhao's "Imitation of Ancient Poetry": "The surprised sparrow has no whole eye." Quote "King James Century": Wu He sent yi to shoot the sparrow, He Yi shot the sparrow in the left eye and mistakenly shot the right eye. Just emphasize here, okay? Can make the bird's eyes incomplete, see the essence of its shooting art here.
9. Hang Yang Sheng's left elbow: "Zhuangzi? Zhile: "Uncle Zazhi and Uncle Slippery view the hills of Ming cypress, the sky of Kunlun Mountain, the resting place of the Yellow Emperor, and Liu Sheng's left elbow, which is called evil." It is believed that "the willow is a choice, not a willow", and Wang's poems are "also misused". He meant that the willow in Zhuangzi gave birth to a willow with a left elbow, but Wang Wei misunderstood it as a willow, so there was a hanging cloud. Gao Maiding said, "Or, the tumor called vitamin covers people who have no willows in their elbows. However, no one is fragmented and smooth sailing, and there is no such thing as a willow fable. "It seems better to talk.
10, so Hougua: Zhaoping, tomb of Dongling, Qin pawn was a civilian, poor, and planted melons in the east of Chang 'an, and the melons were sweet.
1 1. Mr. Liu: After Tao Jinyuan-Ming abandoned his official position and retired, he named himself "Mr. Wuliu" and wrote "Biography of Mr. Wuliu" because there were Wuliu in front of his door.
12, oath sentence: Geng Gong fought against Xiongnu in the later Han Dynasty. According to Shule City, the Huns respectfully walked through the well in the city when there was no water at the gate. When he reached 15 feet, there was still no water. He sighed, "I heard that General Li Guangli of the Second Division drew his sword and stabbed the mountain, and the flying spring gushed out. The God of Hande today is so poor. " I turned to the well to pray. After a while, I got water. Goodbye? "Once"? Geng Gongchuan. Shule: refers to Shule city in Han Dynasty, not Shule country.
13, yingchuan kongshi wine: Han, upright and upright, was quite dissatisfied after losing power and influence, and was later punished. Brewing: Show your spirits by wine.
14. Chatting and keeping: and keeping.
15, astrology: refers to the seven-star inscription inlaid on the sword.
16, a shameful sentence: it means that it is shameful to disturb the monarch with enemy soldiers. "Master yuan? Li Jie: Yue Jiabing entered Qi and asked him to commit suicide, because this is the Yue family singing the monarch, and he should commit suicide by martyrdom. Wu: This means an alarm.
Rhyme translation
At the age of fifteen or twenty; You can win by riding the Hu people's horse on foot.
Young and strong, he shot the white-browed mountain tiger; How many heroes are there?
Many battles, the battlefield is three thousand miles; Once a sword became a million heroes.
The momentum of the Han army is as rapid as thunder; Lu and Qi trample on each other for fear of encountering thistles.
Wei Qing is unbeaten because of the help of the gods; Li Guang's failure is due to his bad luck.
Since it was abandoned, it began to rot; Over time, people become bald.
In those days, it was like Hou Yi shooting an arrow at a sparrow without eyes. Today, the tumor without bow choice is born in the left elbow.
So, Hou went to the roadside to sell melons for the people; Learn pottery and plant green willows in front of the door.
The ancient trees extend all the way to the deep alley; The sparse and cold mountain wind is facing the cold window.
Vowed to learn from Geng Gong's prayer wells and springs in Shule; Don't be an irrigation worker in Yingchuan, complaining and drinking too much.
The soldiers at the foot of Helan Mountain are arranged like clouds; Urgent military books are frequently circulated day and night.
Festival envoys went to Sanhe to recruit soldiers; The invitation ordered the general to send troops in five ways.
The veteran polished his armor as bright as snow; And holding a sword, flashing the seven-star pattern on the sword.
May Yan's good bow shoot the enemy; Never let the enemy's armor disturb the monarch.
Don't doubt that the satrap in the cloud is reinstated; It is also worthy of the merits of the founding of the country in World War I.
Comment and analysis
This poem tells the story of a veteran. Throughout his life, he made great contributions to the crusade against the west, but he ended up in a sad end that "reactive power" was abandoned and he had to work hard. When the border war broke out again, he volunteered to serve the country regardless of grievances. The work exposes the ignorance and ruthlessness of the rulers' rewards and punishments, and praises the noble moral integrity and patriotic enthusiasm of the veterans.
The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs, with the first ten sentences as the first paragraph, which tells about the wisdom, courage, achievements and unfair experiences of the veteran when he was young. First of all, he had Li Guang's wisdom and courage when he was young. He took down the enemy's war horse on foot and shot the fiercest "white-fronted tiger" in the mountains with a bow. Then he used the story of Cao Cao's second son, Cao Zhang, nicknamed Huang Xuer. He bravely defeated the enemy, but the credit goes to the generals. The poet used these two allusions to describe the wisdom, courage and virtue of veterans. Next, take "Fighting a Thousand Miles Alone" to see how hard it is; "With his naked dagger, he can catch a large group of people" and see its outstanding achievements; "It's reasonable to think that China's soldiers are as fast as thunder", seeing that they use their troops as fast as thunder; "Tatar soldiers died in the trap of iron fangs." Seeing his clever iron thistle cloth, he defeated the enemy. But such a rare good soldier has no merit, so the poet uses historical stories to express his feelings. Wei Qing, the consort of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was invincible and rewarded with meritorious service. It was really "lucky" to be an official to a general; Li Guang, a contemporary warrior, was offended and punished instead of being knighted, and finally committed suicide by cutting his neck because of "odd number". The "Tianxing" here refers to both the "luck" of luck and the favor of the emperor; "Odd number" refers to both bad luck and alienation of the emperor's pet, both of which are semantic puns. The poet borrowed allusions from Li Guang and Wei Qing, implying that the rulers were cronyism, rewarding and punishing lawbreakers, and wrote the grievances of veterans.
The middle ten sentences are the second paragraph, describing the poor life of veterans after being abandoned. Since being abandoned, veterans have been "decadent", years have passed, they are in a bad mood, and even their hair is white. Although he used to be able to shoot birds in Houyi and was blind, he hasn't practiced martial arts for a long time, and it seems that he has a selective tumor on his arm, which is very unfavorable. The ancients often used the homonym "tumor" and "yang" and "six" to celebrate festivals. Here, the poet's reconciliation of "Yang" and "Selection" (sore) is to take care of the flat tone of poetry. The veteran was abandoned and chose his left elbow, but he had to make a living by himself. "He sometimes sells melons in his garden by the roadside." "So Hou" refers to Hou Zhaoping from Dongling, Qinbu, who grows melons in Dongcheng, Chang 'an. It is said here that he not only grows melons, but also sells them by the roadside, which shows that life is nowhere to be found; "He sometimes plants willows around his secluded place" also means that he is a farmer. There are five willows in front of Tao Yuanming's door, hence the name "Mr. Five Willows". As for the residence, it is a "poor alley" among the "old trees", and the window is more obvious to the "lonely cold mountain". The world is cold and there is no guest to return to. However, the veteran is not depressed and decadent. He still wants to be "but if he prays, water will gush out for his man", just like Geng Gong, a famous star in the later Han Dynasty. After the water source in Shule City of Xiongnu was cut off, they shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers, and finally got the spring water but made contributions to the enemy. It's not like Yingchuan people who watched the restoration before the Han Dynasty. After leaving the army, they let the wine scold him and vent their grievances.
The last ten sentences are the third paragraph, which writes that the border guards have not been destroyed, and veterans always have the patriotic aspiration of volunteering to kill the enemy. First of all, the Helan mountain area in the northwest is gloomy, the war situation is like a cloud, and urgent official documents are constantly introduced into the capital; The second time was the military commander appointed by the emperor, who recruited a large number of young people from Sanhe (Henan, Hanoi and Hedong), and the generals from all walks of life were ordered to divide their forces and attack. Finally, he wrote about veterans, and he couldn't stay any longer. First, he "brushed his iron clothes like snow" and polished his old armor; Then "waving his dagger from its jade handle in a star-studded steel dance" and practicing martial arts. His long-cherished wish is to get Yan's famous bow "Shooting the Heavenly Admiral" ("Heavenly Admiral" as "General"), catch thieves and capture the king, and destroy the invading Qu Kui; And "never let foreign uniforms offend the emperor" and never let foreign invasion pose a threat to the court. At the end, the veteran once again showed his attitude: "There was once an elderly prefect, and the forgotten distance was still worthy of meritorious service in World War I." He borrowed Shang Wei's story to show that as long as the court is willing to appoint veterans, he will be able to make contributions and serve the motherland. Shang Wei used to be the satrap in the cloud and won the morale of the army. Xiongnu dared not violate the border, and was later dismissed for the people. Feng Tang was reinstated after being wronged by him. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
This poem is a paragraph of ten sentences, with an organized style and many allusions. It depicts the artistic image of "veteran" from different angles and aspects, which increases the inclusiveness of the work and fully expresses the theme of the work. Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems" said that "this kind of poem was obtained through confrontation". The antithesis in the poem is natural, just like the aura of the whole body, which makes the content expressed by the poet like a rough jade, reaching the artistic realm of well-founded, strange, innovative and lofty words.
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), also known as Mo Jie, was a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His official position is Shangshu Youcheng, originally from Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), and later moved to Yongji, Shanxi Province. He believed in Buddhism and lived in Lantian, Wangchuan Villa in his later years. He has made great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Dongpo praised him for "poetry has charm and painting has pictures;" Look at the picture. There are poems in it. "In particular, his achievements in landscape poetry are collectively called' Wang Meng' with Meng Haoran. In his later years, he was careless about his official career and devoted himself to being a Buddha. Later, he was called "Shi Fo". He is the author of Wang Youcheng's poetry anthology, with 400 poems. He is good at drawing figures, bamboos and landscapes. There are two kinds of landscapes recorded by the Tang people: one is similar to Li's father and son, the other is painted by breaking ink, and the latter is his masterpiece. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works. Obviously, Wang Wei has made higher achievements in the field of Tang poetry. He is a representative of the pastoral school in Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan is the first scholar (that is, the champion). He has served as an official such as Da Lecheng and Yousgler. When An Lushan rebelled, he was forced to assume a false post. Later, it was taken back by the two capitals and demoted to Prince Zhongyun. After being tired, he moved his heart of dedication and finally became a minister.
Wang Wei was very literary when he was a teenager. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was the first scholar, and he was very happy. I joined the army in Jeju for some reason. After returning to Chang 'an. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat. Wang Wei was demoted to the right. At that time, he wrote a poem "Dedicating the Beginning to Prosper the People", praising Zhang Jiuling's political views against planting party member for personal gain and abusing his title, which reflected his mood of demanding at that time. Twenty-four years (736), Zhang Jiuling went on strike. The following year, Jingzhou was relegated to a long history. Li's appointment as the secretariat was a turning point in Xuanzong period, and politics changed from relatively clear to increasingly dark. Wang Wei was depressed about Zhang Jiuling's demotion, but he didn't quit the officialdom. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was ordered to visit Cui, our envoy from Hexi. Later, he learned from the temple history that Wang Wei's official position was gradually promoted. Before the Anshi Rebellion, on the one hand, officials were tired and worried about the officialdom at that time, on the other hand, they were attached to the stack and could not leave decisively. So when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and live a semi-official and semi-secluded life for a long time.
He used to believe in Buddhism. At this time, with the increasing negative thoughts, his Buddhist beliefs are also developing day by day. When he was young, he used to live in a mountain forest. After middle age, he lived in Zhong Nanshan, and later he got Wangchuan Villa and Song Wenzhi in Lantian. So he travels among them with his good friend Pei Di and likes to write poems. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the Anshi rebels captured Chang 'an, Xuanzong entered Shu, and Wang Wei was captured by the rebels. Pretending to be ill after taking medicine, he was sent to Luoyang as a fake official. After the recovery of the two capitals, those who suffered from false jobs were convicted at different levels. He was praised by Su Zong for a poem "Ningbichi" that missed the Tang Dynasty, and his brother Wang Jin had a high official position, so he was only demoted to Prince Zhongyun, and later he moved something and finally became a senior official. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Wang Wei is a representative of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei has been an official in the capital for many years and has had many contacts with the prince and your Lord. His literary reputation is very high, and he was regarded as a literate sect in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. He is good at five-character poems, and because he is proficient in music, his five-character poems are easy to combine, spread widely and have a high reputation. Wang Wei's modern poems are rigorous in temperament and bold in conception, and most of his landscape poems win for both scenery and scenery. Commenting on his own poems, Yin Yun said: "Uygur poems are elegant and exquisite, with fresh ideas and just right ideas. It's a pearl in spring and a picture on the wall. Every word is different. " Wang Wei has made great achievements in poetry writing skills. However, due to his negative recluse thoughts, many of his poems contain negative escapist factors. Therefore, in literature, he and Meng Haoran are both representatives of "hermit poetry school". Tang Daizong spoke highly of Wang Wei's poems. He said in "Answering Wang Jin's Collection of Watch Hands": "The people of the Qing Dynasty experienced the first dynasty and were called the generation of Gao Xi. When discussing beauty, they recited it by population." By the end of the Tang Dynasty, the disciples of Liyuan were still singing Wang Wei's quatrains, which showed its far-reaching influence.
Most of Wang Wei's poems are idyllic, depicting natural beauty and revealing leisure interest in his leisure life. Wang Wei's landscape poems, usually in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, delicate in language and soothing in syllables, which are especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of landscapes and the poet's leisurely mood. After middle age, Wang Wei became increasingly depressed and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He claimed that "silence is joy, and there is much leisure in this life" ("Fanbu Busan Monk"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei's five-line poem "Zen", and said that two poems, Bird-singing Creek and Wu Xinyi, "I forgot my life experience after reading them, and my thoughts were all silent" (poems), which is proof. Legend of Snow Scene is a work about Wang Wei's parting and travel, and there are often some beautiful sentences describing the scenery, such as "Far trees lead, the sunset is red in the distant city" ("Sending money home") and "Half a mountain and half a rain, thousands of valleys come to the Silk Waterfall" ("To Li Shi in Zizhou"). The tides rise and fall on the earth (Farewell to Guizhou) and Lonely Smoke in the Desert. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。 ()
Join the Army, Travel in Longxi, Yan Fenke, Hunting Observation, Frontier Conquest and Frontier Conquest are all magnificent works. "The Song of the Dragon's Head" and "The Journey of the Old General" express the sadness that the generals are not rewarded for their meritorious service, and reflect one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. "Hunting" vividly describes the hunting scene. Yimen sang the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems in A Boy's Journey show chivalry, boldness, vivid images and smooth brushwork. These works are generally believed to have been written by Wang Wei in his early years. There are also some poems, such as Fu on Four Sages, Fu on Allegory, Fu on Unfortunate Encounter, etc., which were written when eunuchs relegated to Jeju. The fifth of Six Chances, Zhao Nv Yan Ya, expressed indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon that the rich nobles dominated the official career and the talented people were frustrated, and reflected some dark sides of feudal politics in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. Luoyang Galand and Xi Shi Yong express their feelings and satire for the strong through comparison. Women's sufferings are described in Mrs Xi and Ban Jieyu. They are sad and have certain social significance. Lyric poems such as Farewell to the Old Friend, I watched you go down the mountain, Send Li to Lingaotai to receive the legacy, Send Two Envoys to Anxi, Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong, Miss My Shandong Brothers in the Mountain, Acacia, Miscellaneous Poems, and You from My Old Country have been told for thousands of years. "Send Yuan 20 An Xi" and "Acacia" were broadcast as music at that time and were widely sung. These poems are all five-character quatrains or seven-character quatrains, with sincere feelings, beautiful and natural language, simple and profound beauty, which can be compared with the quatrains of Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the achievements of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Contrast between English and Chinese
Song of the old general
Wang Wei
When 15-20-year-old teenagers, they can capture the figure of Hu people riding horses on foot.
He beat the Meishan tiger, and he excited the yellow mane horse.
He has fought many battles and fought for three thousand miles. He once fought a million lions with one sword.
The Han army is as sharp as thunder, and the Lu country that tramples on each other is afraid of thistles.
Wei Qing's failure was due to the help of the gods, but Li Guang's failure was due to his fate.
Being abandoned doesn't have to be old, and the world has become the first in the past.
In those days, he was like an arrow shot at a lark by Hou Yi. Now he was born on his left elbow.
As a result, he was demoted to the roadside to sell melons and learned to make pottery to make the door green.
Ancient trees extend all the way to narrow lanes, and isolated mountains extend to cold windows.
Swear in Kashgar, pray for wells in Kashgar, and don't complain about alcohol.
Soldiers lined up like clouds on Helan Mountain, and books in the army were rumors day and night.
The special envoy of Red Festival went to Sanhe for conscription, and the commander-in-chief sent troops to General Five.
The veteran wiped out the armor of steel armor and used a sword with a flashing seven-star pattern.
He is ready to use his powerful northern bow to attack the Tatar chieftain, so that foreign uniforms will not offend the emperor.
Don't be afraid of color, think that the restoration of the governor Yun Guan was worth fighting for.
Song of the old general
Wang Wei
When he was a teenager of fifteen or twenty,
He chased a wild horse, caught it and rode it.
He shot the white-browed mountain tiger,
He defied Ye's yellow-haired knight.
Fighting alone for 1000 miles,
With his naked dagger, he can catch many people.
... even if China's army is as fast as thunder.
Tatar soldiers were buried in iron-toothed traps,
General Wei Qing's victory was just an accident.
General Li Guang's failure is his fate, not his fault.
Since the man retired, he looks old and tired;
Experience accelerated his white hair.
Although once his fast darts never missed a bird's right eye,
Now knotted veins and tendons make his left arm like wicker.
He sometimes sells melons in his garden by the roadside.
He sometimes plants willows around his seclusion.
His remote path was closed by a dense forest,
His empty window faces the distant cold mountains.
But if he prays, water will gush out for his people.
He would never squander his career with wine.
... under the Helan Mountains, there are clouds of war;
Back and forth, day and night, the news of feather removal;
In Sanhe province, the local governor called young people-
Five imperial edicts summoned the old general.
So he dusted the iron coat and made it shine like snow-
Waving his jade-handled dagger in the starry steel dance.
He is ready to defeat the Tatar chieftain with his mighty northern bow-
No foreign shirt can offend the emperor.
... there was once an elderly officer who was forgotten in a distant place.
Who can win with one blow?