"India is the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, like poetry is the ancestor of the Tang Dynasty, and books are the ancestors of the Jin Dynasty." The spirit of great unity and the grand mentality of indifference and solemnity in the Han Dynasty are manifested in all aspects of social culture. Like sculptures and reliefs, Han and India all show the spirit of fullness, boldness, wanton romance, magnanimity, gentleness and neutrality. Korea and India don't capture people's eyes and ears with madness and strangeness, but create a neutral and full silence atmosphere in calmness and calmness. This fullness, simplicity and softness are pure beauty, which is suitable for the aesthetic concept of fullness.
(A) the abstract beauty of calligraphy
In the Han Dynasty, calligraphy was occupied by various bodies, especially the maturity of official script and Miao seal, which made China seal more abstract in writing. Han and India followed the structural law of Xiao seal, changed the seal shape in the pursuit of founder and fullness, and formed their own writing characteristics. The seal has the abstract feeling of calligraphy lines, which is no longer expressed only in fonts like the seal of the Warring States period, but pays attention to elegance, simplicity and charm.
(2) It was calm.
Founder and simplicity are the basic characteristics of Han and India, and also reflect the social mentality of Han Dynasty. Taking the square as the keynote, the square contains a circle, the angle turns round, and the pen bends round; The figure is tall and straight, the lines are thick and uniform, and the spacing is symmetrical. Taking the square as the circle and taking the square as the circle is more exquisite, harmonious and friendly. On the simple premise, it is exquisite, Wen Ya's, euphemistic and delicate. The arc conveys feelings tactfully, the straight line implies its rhyme, and the seal contains vitality and rhythm, which are the basis for the in-depth aesthetics of China and India.
(3) It has a rigorous and broad weather.
The lines are thick, thick and full, and Gu Zhuo is simple and boundless. Rich brushwork, subtle changes in Fiona Fang's style at the beginning and end of strokes; Frank, natural and vivid, uneven strokes, long and strong strokes, curved pens outside the horizontal and vertical directions, natural expansion and contraction, hidden needles in cotton. Clear brushwork, clear sense of force, dynamic and static. Between the text and the sidebar, it is randomly processed according to the font, and the blank space is natural and harmonious.
Second, the clumsy beauty of the Han Dynasty
The center of the spiritual temperament of China and India is the atmosphere, just as the great beauty of stone carvings in the Han Dynasty is bold and unconstrained, not subtle and subtle. When we take French, Chinese and Indian prints, we should appreciate their ancient meaning in the atmosphere and extract the factors of their spiritual temperament. Instead of copying and simulating its exquisite shape, it is better to avoid the clever family atmosphere as much as possible. You know, today's China printing is not Han's China printing. How's the atmosphere? Big is not big, and ancient is not ancient. My experience is that if you want the atmosphere, you must be simple, not Gu Zhuo, but naive and natural. Simple and clumsy beauty conforms to the great beauty of nature, and artificial decoration is bound to be flashy and tacky. Strengthening its quaint and elegant ancient meaning in a neutral tone is my realistic kung fu with French and Chinese seals as my core, rather than asking them to copy it.
(1) The layout of the composition is mainly based on a quiet tone, which strengthens its concern for the corresponding dynamics. Including the density contrast of distributed Zhu and Bai; The contrast between the density and thickness of lines, and the contrast between the block surface formed by drawing, adhesion and damage and the residual red; Forced edge closing, corner removing, weather extension breaking, etc.
(2) The structure of seal script abides by the rules and strives for simplicity. Stretching lines in wide fonts to expand the expressive force of lines in calligraphy, and line modeling is the harmony and charm of writing consciousness; Fonts strengthen the subtle deformation and dynamic trend and rhythm of calligraphy. Using the tension of linear arc pen and oblique pen to highlight the vividness of printing and break the rigidity of printing surface;
(3) Knife method strengthens the mentality of creation and the feeling of carving. At this moment, there must be passion in silence, but the heart is lazy and the knife is not sharp. Courage, courage. With Yoga Yu's unquestionable, unswerving, inflexible and deliberate mentality, he produces the intensity of knife feeling with passion and haste, and injects spiritual feelings into the stone marks of knife marks, thus achieving the effect of smooth lines and round and thick brushwork. Pursue the conscious mentality of creation, not the proficiency of production skills.
[Official Seal of China]
Broadly speaking, it is a general term for official seal from Han Dynasty to Wei and Jin Dynasties. Compared with Qin Zhuan, the seal is more neat, straight, square and vigorous in style. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the handicraft industry was very developed, so in the new headstrong era, (? "Xin" is the name of Wang Mang's dynasty. The official seal is particularly exquisite and vivid, and the seal art in Han Dynasty reached its peak. Therefore, it became a model for later seal engravers to learn.
The official seals of the two Han dynasties are mostly white, all of which are cast. Only a few troops are in urgent need of carving the official seal of the brothers instead of casting it, which will be introduced later.
[China's Private Seal]
China private seal is a private seal in the Han Dynasty, which is the largest and richest in ancient seals. Not only do they have different shapes, but they are all made of cinnabar and white, or decorated with patterns such as four spirits, and there are also multi-sided printing, overprinter (mother-child printing) and hook printing. In addition to the name, the printed words often include Ji language, native place, table characters, and auxiliary words such as "seal", "private seal" and "letter seal". The button system is extremely diverse, which fully shows the ingenuity of craftsmen in the Han Dynasty. Private printing in the Han Dynasty was still dominated by white, engraving in the Western Han Dynasty and chiseling and casting in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
[general printing]
General seal is also a kind of official seal of China. These seals are often temporary dispatches on the way to March, and they are engraved on the printed surface with a knife, which is also called "urgent printing". Pu Yin's unique style is full of interest and has a great influence on his later artistic style. In the Han dynasty, generals used seals, which are generally called "seals" rather than "seals", which is a major feature of military seals.
[Han Yu Yin]
The imperial seal of the Han Dynasty is very precious and rare in ancient seals. "Dai Yu" was also an elegant fashion of famous officials and celebrities in ancient times. Generally, the jade seal is well-made, with rigorous composition and rounded strokes. At first glance, the strokes are straight and upright, but they have no intention of stagnation. Because jade is hard and not easy to be cut by a knife, a special seal cutting technique, the so-called "knife cutting method", has emerged. Because jade is not easy to corrode and damage, it has been passed down from generation to generation, which better preserves its true colors.
【 Seal of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 】
The official seal, private seal and button system in Wei and Jin Dynasties followed the Han Dynasty, but the casting was not as beautiful as that in Han Dynasty. The official seal handed down from generation to generation by brothers is like a knife, and the calligraphy style naturally came into being in Xu Ya-sheng, becoming the representative of seal cutting style in a period. There were not many seals handed down from ancient times in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but the official seal was slightly larger, and the words were hastily carved, but the official seal was not cast.
[Bai Zhu Text Printing]
Zhu's alternate printing style is very ingenious in China and India. It is said that it originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Its ways are extremely diverse, and the position arrangement and word number of Bai Zhu characters can be flexibly changed without restriction. The number of seals cited here can be seen. Bai Zhu's principle is to look at the number of strokes, while Zhu Wen mostly has more strokes, Zhu Wen mostly has fewer strokes, while Bai Wen does the opposite, thus achieving the harmonious effect of Zhu Bairu and Bai Ruzhu. Most of these seals are privately printed and not used for official seals.
[main seal]
Mother seal, also known as "seal", originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. It is a seal composed of two or three seals. A person's stomach is empty, and one or two baby seals can be properly inserted to form the shape of a mother's pocket. There are also two seals on one side (such as the "country one" seal in the right column) to form a group of three parties. There are several seals in the volume of one seal, which shows the technical level of ancient printing.
[Six-sided printing]
There are few six-sided prints handed down from generation to generation. This kind of "convex" print has a hole in the nose, which can be worn, and a small print on the nose, together with the other five printing surfaces, is called six-sided print. The typical style of six-sided printing handed down from ancient times is a white band with one line for each word, which is dense on the top and sparse on the bottom. The vertical strokes of the seal are long and drooping, and the tip is as sharp as a hanging needle, so it has the common name of "hanging needle seal". Although this style has the advantages of stroke stretching and contrast, it is easy to become vulgar, far less than that of China and India, so seal engravers have only done it occasionally.
[Wonderful Seal Seal] (with flowers, birds and insects)
Miao Zhuan Zhuan and similar early bird and insect books are all "artistic words" of China seal, and the former is tortuous. The latter is to add fish-shaped birds and other decorations on this basis. This kind of handwriting was first seen on clocks and watches of ancient weapons or musical instruments, and some of them were embedded with gold wires according to the strokes of the handwriting, which was unique in style. The printing of bird and insect books is only seen in private printing, mostly white.
[Special-shaped seal]
Among the seals since the Warring States Period, miscellaneous seal is also a very unique category. Its style is not fixed, ranging from a few inches to a few minutes, and the changes are extremely rich. In addition to the length and width of Fiona Fang, there are concave and convex patterns, squares, circles, triangles, two circles and three round beads, three-leaf unfolded shapes and so on. The reason why miscellaneous printing is only used for private printing is because of its unique humor and solemn and calm requirements different from official seals.
[pattern printing]
From the Warring States to the Han and Wei Dynasties, there were prints, most of which were in the Han Dynasty. Also known as Xiao seal or pictographic seal. Various forms, concise and vivid, in addition to figures, birds and animals, horseback riding, auspicious sheep, fish and geese and other patterns, the four spirits of auspicious sheep are common. Dragon, tiger, sparrow and (phoenix and turtle) are printed, which is also called "four-spirit seal".