Chapter eleven. Guiding ideology and theoretical basis:
1) Chinese teaching is guided by the new curriculum concept and Chinese curriculum standards. The focus of reading teaching is to cultivate students' ability to feel, understand, appreciate and evaluate. Cultivate students' creative reading ability, advocate multi-angle reading, expand thinking space and improve reading quality. 2) Let students deepen their understanding and experience, feel and think, be infected by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment and enjoy aesthetic pleasure in active thinking and emotional activities. 3) Ask students to read aloud, so as to accumulate, experience and cultivate a sense of language.
Second, the content and learning analysis:
Biography of Mr. Wu Liu is a short and pithy classical Chinese work in the eighth grade Chinese textbook of Changchun Edition. The author Tao Yuanming, under the guise of Mr. Wu Liu, showed his unique and unconventional inner feelings, and through his hobbies, he embodied the extraordinary personality charm and life pursuit of an aristocratic hermit.
The teaching of this course focuses on guiding students to understand the interest and mental outlook of the characters, experiencing the writing techniques with distinctive personality and understanding the writing characteristics of negative sentences in this paper. Give priority to nudging and practice reading more. Through the analysis of the text, guide students from personality, thoughts, hobbies, life, writing and other aspects. Through discussion, we can understand Tao Yuanming's distinct ideological character, such as indifference to fame and fortune, frankness and naturalness, peace and happiness. In teaching this class, I have determined two learning priorities: one is to implement the basic knowledge such as key content words and common sense of classical Chinese in the text; Another key point is to understand Tao Yuanming's personality charm and lofty spiritual realm through the interpretation of biographical writing, that is, to grasp the specific situation of his native place, personality and hobbies. In teaching, I try my best to embody the humanity of Chinese and make Chinese class have a simple Chinese flavor.
Analyze and understand students' learning cognition: Before class, I asked students to do a preview of reading aloud and solving words. Chinese curriculum standards require students to read simple classical Chinese and understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books. Nowadays, students are guilty of not going deep into the text, learning to cope with passivity, and learning classical Chinese has always been afraid of difficulties. In the past teaching, students' independent thinking ability was poor, and they did not develop good study habits such as preview and exercise consolidation. It can be said that learning is often a temporary surprise. They study for exams. Students' cognitive and perceptual abilities are limited.
Three-dimensional target
Teaching objectives:
1, understand the meaning of related words in classical Chinese.
2. Understand the writing and characteristics of ancient biographies.
3. Learn to express characters' personalities and interests in simple and concise language.
4. Understand the profound connotation of the article and understand Tao Yuanming's mental outlook.
Teaching emphasis: teaching objectives 3 and 4.
Teaching difficulties: teaching goal 4 and understanding of Tao Yuanming's reading style.
Teaching methods: discussion and reading aloud.
Four, teaching resources and teaching process: two hours to complete.
The first class (completing the preview)
(1) Import:
In the book Five Thousand Years Up and Down in China, the chronology of the Eastern Jin Dynasty only involves two characters, one is the calligrapher Wang Xizhi and the other is the poet Tao Yuanming. Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, once said: Jin has no articles, but Tao Yuanming has only one "Return to Hometown". This shows the lofty position of Tao Yuanming in history. Today we are going to learn the companion piece Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, a farewell speech.
(2) Students should be familiar with the text and experience the article.
1. Students read the article aloud for more than three times.
2. Teachers should set an example to read aloud, correct pronunciation and standardize the pause rhythm of reading aloud. Students read together and see the reading situation.
3. Students should read again after feeling, and teachers should understand students' understanding.
(3) Solve the word problem and further understand the content.
1. Master the sound, form and meaning of notional words.
2. Teachers guide students to master key points and memory methods.
3. Translate the full text.
(4) Combining stylistic knowledge and author's introduction, we can deepen our understanding of the text.
1. Introduction to stylistic knowledge: This article is an autobiography written by Tao Yuanming under the guise of Mr. Wu Liu.
Biography (big screen) is an article describing the author's own life experience. Generally speaking, an autobiography should introduce the name, native place, age, personality hobby, ideological development of its own words, and the content is true.
After that, the teacher introduced the characteristics of biographical articles with examples.
2. Students understand Tao Yuanming's common sense and the social situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty:
Students first communicate their understanding of the author.
After that, the teacher refined the main points:
Resources: (big screen) Tao Yuanming, poet of Eastern Jin Dynasty. A latent and cheerful person, the world calls him Mr. Jing Jie, also known as Mr. Wu Liu, a native of Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). A hermit. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the society was dark and the atmosphere was dirty. Many people pursue fame and fortune by hook or by crook, and society is full of hypocrisy and fraud. Tao Yuanming has been a small official several times. Dissatisfied with the officialdom, he resigned from his official position, retired to the countryside and lived a frugal life. Most of his poems praise beautiful natural scenery and simple rural life. Representative works include Peach Blossom Garden, Xi Ci of Returning to the Garden and Returning to the Garden.
The story of Tao Yuanming's failure to bend his back for five buckets of rice
When Tao Yuanming was appointed as pengze county's envoy, his superiors sent officials to Pengze for inspection. Someone knew it was sloppy and advised Tao Yuanming to make good preparations. Unexpectedly, Tao Yuanming said that I couldn't even afford five bushels of rice, and I bowed to the children in the village! I immediately took off my official uniform, resigned and went back to my hometown. I won't be an official again. Later generations used five buckets of rice not to bend over to show that they are lofty and have backbone and do not run for fame and fortune.
(5) Thinking about the layout of the problem: After reading this biography, think about what kind of person Tao Yuanming is.
(6) homework: 1. Translate the full text and practice reciting the text.
2. Sort out the words and literary knowledge of this article.
The second article teaching material analysis
Biography of Mr. Wu Liu is a short biography in classical Chinese published by People's Education Publishing House. There are not many words in this passage, but in a few words, the image of Mr. Wu Liu is very vivid. The full text has two paragraphs. The first paragraph is mainly narrative, focusing on expressing Mr. Wu Liu's character, life and interest. The latter paragraph is mainly a discussion, focusing on the praise and praise of Mr. Wu Liu's moral character. Reading this text, we should learn from Mr. Wu Liu's excellent character of "not greedy for profits" and "regardless of gains and losses" and be a virtuous person.
Guiding ideology
Today's society is in a rapidly changing information age. The reading ability of middle school students is, in the final analysis, the ability to understand, distinguish, screen and summarize information. One of the most basic is the ability to quickly and accurately grasp the key information in the text, that is, the ability to grasp the "eyeball". Including grasping the eye of the question, the eye of the text, the eye of the word, the eye of the word, the eye of the sentence and the eye of the paragraph. The formation of any ability is the result of training. The ability to capture key information also needs training. On the one hand, there should be teachers' guidance (training), on the other hand, there should be students' autonomous learning (practice). However, the training method is not to engage in sea tactics, but to focus on three or two refined classroom problems, and to ask and solve problems through teacher-student interaction.
After the implementation of the new curriculum standard, the requirements for students' comprehensive learning have been increased in Chinese teaching, and junior high school students should master "independent" cooperation? Explore "learning style. At present, opening students' minds has become the knowledge of Chinese teachers. To open students' minds, we must inspire them and guide them to explore. The implementation of classroom teaching is to make students really become the main body in learning activities, find doubts and think positively. It doesn't matter whether the final result is consistent with the teacher's expectation. What is important is the process of inspiring thinking and inquiry, and the answers can be colorful.
Returning to "humanity" is another important banner of "New Curriculum Standard". It is worth pointing out that people are social people and historical people, and the humanistic spirit is not only horizontally interlinked, but also vertically inherited. However, "literature is a study of human beings", if we want to dig deeply into the thoughts, feelings and mental outlook of the characters in an article, we can't do without vertical and horizontal verification. Specifically, it is necessary to compare, transfer and open a hole with the textbook as the trigger point, so as to let the mysterious sky shine in and stimulate students' feelings outside the textbook, so as to understand the humanistic connotation of literary works and realize the sublimation of personality and emotion.
Teaching assumption
1, the use of multimedia courseware to create the real situation of the text, create an open teaching environment, let students experience stories in vivid situations, carry out independent perception and self-perception, form a sense of language and cultivate sentiment.
2. Starting from reading, understand the general idea of the article and highlight the characteristics of classical Chinese; By guiding students to understand Mr. Wu Liu's peaceful and happy spirit, we can understand his negative thought of avoiding the world, which runs through the method of writing people and thus extends to the purpose of using language.
Teaching objectives
1, knowledge and skills: master the classical Chinese words in the text, understand the meanings of related classical Chinese words, and cultivate students' ability to quickly and accurately grasp the key information in the text. Analyze the words and recite the text.
2. Process and method: Under the guidance of the teacher, explore the image of Mr. Wu Liu, understand the writing and characteristics of ancient biographies, and learn to express the character and interest of the characters in simple and refined language. Inspire thinking.
3. Emotion, attitude and values: Understand the profound connotation of the article and learn from Mr. Wu Liu's personality and mental outlook.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1, understand the character and mental outlook, experience and remember people with distinctive personalities and grasp the method of multi-level sketch.
2. Master and understand the understanding of related words and sentences.
3. Transfer training to stimulate students' perception of transcendental works.
Class arrangement
One class hour
Preparation before class
1, making multimedia courseware
2. Collect relevant information of Tao Yuanming.
3. Ask students to know Tao Yuanming in advance and recall the articles they have learned before.
teaching process
(A) the introduction of new courses
Tao Yuanming was a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the atmosphere was filthy, many people pursued fame and fortune by hook or by crook, and the society was full of hypocrisy and fraud. Tao Yuanming worked as a small official several times, but because he was dissatisfied with the ruling class, he "refused to bow his head" and resigned and retired. After he lived in seclusion in the countryside, he called himself "Mr. May 6th", engaged in farming personally and made friends with farmers. During this period, in addition to writing many poems praising beautiful natural scenery and simple rural life, he also wrote some works expressing his beautiful political ideals. Last semester, we studied the Peach Blossom Spring and the Return to the Garden (part 3) written by him. In this lesson, we learned an autobiography, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, which was written by him in the style of historical biography.
(2) Enter the text
(1), learn the text.
1, let the students listen to the tape and ask them to pay attention to pronunciation and rhythm.
And read the text aloud to clarify the rhythm.
Students read the text softly after the tape and mark the rhythm.
For example, a short three words: Good reading, Ru Yan also.
Such as a short sentence of four words: be quiet, talk less, and don't admire honor.
Such as a complicated long sentence: his words are like people's minds.
2. Ask students to read the text by themselves and read the pronunciation correctly.
Favorite (Shi ì), stingy (lìn), brown (hè).
⊙(dān)⊙(jí)⊙(chóu)⊙(shāng)
Pio 125
Let students contact their existing understanding of biography, compare it with this article, and make clear the general writing methods and characteristics of biography. Teachers should give appropriate guidance.
Key points: Biography generally introduces the name and birthplace of the preacher at the beginning, then describes the life of the preacher, reveals his character and conduct, and finally evaluates the people and things recorded.
3. Text dredging
Requirements:
Keywords: accuracy, polysyllabic understanding, inductive ambiguity, flexible use of parts of speech, some simple sentence patterns.
Explanatory words
Hobby: like, special hobby
Mo: Just, all the time.
Mean: mean
Brown: A short coat made of animal hair or coarse hemp, worn by the poor in ancient times.
Basket: An appliance made of reeds and bamboo for storing things.
Draw water: describe a person's desire and hard pursuit (draw water from a well)
Zhuo: Friends, partners.
wineglass
2. Explain words and phrases
Learn more about it
Translation: I don't know his name or ideogram either.
Reason: Therefore
So, consider it your own number.
Mo: Just, all the time.
He will drink all the wine as soon as he comes.
Xiao: No one.
This humble room is empty.
Ru Yan: You look at ease.
Rice baskets and scoops are often empty, but he is very at ease.
Sadness: a sad expression
Don't worry about poverty
Swallow: The expression of longing
Not keen on getting rich and being an official.
Three-tone phonetic notation
Pass, be good, expect, count, be happy, be less, etc.
Word four is a polysemous word
Knowledge, speech, meaning, morality, qi, truth, knowledge, music, etc.
Step 5 translate sentences
1) If you make drinks, you will get drunk.
2) Short brown knots make ladybugs often empty.
3) Forget the gains and losses before you die.
4) Take pleasure in writing poems.
There are no notes in the text, and students don't know much about it. Teachers and students discuss with each other, and the teacher explains with a camera.
4. Text translation
1) full text translation
2) Pay attention to the following questions when translating and learning:
Summarize the contents of the first and second paragraphs and experience the subtle changes in reading experience.
Key points: the first paragraph: write about Mr. Wu Liu's life (including personality, interests, etc. )
Describe, state and soften the tone of the statement.
The second paragraph: praise (for Mr. Wu Liu's mental outlook)
-Comments.-A lyrical tone of praise
(2) Searching and exploring.
1. Why do you call yourself Mr.56? What kind of mental outlook does it reflect?
Key points:
Visible home environment is quiet, elegant and simple.
From the environment, we can see his indifferent interest and his attitude towards life.
2. What does "drinking" mean? Why does he "often amuse himself with articles"?
Getting inner peace through drunkenness reflects his frank and open-minded nature.
Indifferent to fame and fortune. He actually has pain, but he can get relief and pleasure from reading, drinking and writing articles.
3. Teacher's guidance: Reading ability, in the final analysis, is the ability to understand, identify, filter and summarize information. One of the most basic is the ability to quickly and accurately grasp the key information in the text, that is, the ability to grasp the "eyeball". Including grasping the eye of the question, the eye of the text, the eye of the word, the eye of the word, the eye of the sentence and the eye of the paragraph. Now, please read aloud freely, find the word that appears most frequently in the text, and think about the relationship between this word and Mr. Wu Liu's personality and mental outlook.
Through reading aloud and discussing, it is obvious that the word "no" appears most frequently.
Taste the word "no" and understand the interest of the role. Discussion: The writing feature of this article is to use more negative sentences. Please find these negative sentences from the article and think about them. What's the use of negative sentences?
Analyze sentence by sentence in the form of filling in the blanks.
1, reading "I don't know who my husband is, and I don't know his last name", we see a Mr. Wu Liu who is different from a famous family and doesn't admire Li Rong.
2. Reading "Quiet and Dull, Don't envy glory", we see a Mr. Wu Liu with a hermit's mood.
3, reading "good reading, not asking for a solution; Every time I know something, I forget to eat happily. " We saw a Mr. Wu Liu who got spiritual pleasure in reading.
4. After reading "Indulge in drinking, family poverty can never be achieved ... that is, drunkenness and abstinence, once staying, once staying", we saw a frank and open-minded Mr.
5. After watching "The traffic is bleak, the scenery is not covered ... Yan Ruyu", we saw a Mr. Wu Liu who lived and worked in peace and contentment.
6. Reading "Don't worry about poverty, don't worry about wealth", we see a Mr. Wu Liu who stands out from the crowd and doesn't follow the crowd.
Summary: The writing feature of this article is to use more negative sentences.
To sum up the function of "no" (negative sentence): There are all kinds of things that pursue fame and gain, and the author says "no", which highlights his inadaptability to the secular world and his persistence in noble interests and personality. This not only makes readers admire his unique clapping style, but also makes the article concise and humorous and lively and interesting to read.
(3), taste the details, and then know the interest of the characters.
The life details of the characters written in 1 are mainly introduced as follows:
Every time I know something, I forget to eat happily-this shows Mr. Wang's persistence in learning.
If you are ready to drink, you will get drunk-this shows that Mr. Wang is free and easy.
The ring is bare and can't cover the windy days; Short brown knot, numerous empty-it can be seen that Mr. Wang is safe and humble.
It is obvious that Mr. Wang is elegant and refined.
(Commentary: In the summary stage, find out the main sentence of the article and clarify the thoughts of the characters: don't worry about poverty, don't worry about wealth. )
Although this article is less than 200 words, the selected examples are very typical, so although it is only a few strokes, it vividly depicts Mr. Wu Liu's personality characteristics. So, how many cases are selected in this paper? Where is its typical performance?
At the same time, train students' generalization ability. ]
3. Summarize the attitude and experience the multi-faceted writing method.
There are six attitudes in this paper: the attitude towards reading; Attitude towards being a guest; Attitude towards family; Attitude towards writing; Attitude towards gains and losses; Attitude towards the rich and the poor. This attitude shows the characters in many ways. The pen and ink used in each level are concise and clear, and the sketch is vivid.
Example: After the first paragraph, write poems to amuse yourself. What does the previous sentence mean by "blocking the ring" ... Yan Ruye?
Key points: The description of "blocking the ring ……" in this paper is intended to highlight "family poverty", and its intention is still to show its nature of being content with poverty. Although Mr. Wu Liu has no food and clothing, he often writes articles to amuse himself and immerse himself in it, so that he forgets the joys and sorrows of the world and is willing to enjoy the rest of his life.
Through the author's detailed description, the image of a hermit who is indifferent to fame and fortune, content with poverty and open-minded is presented to us completely and clearly.
(4) Grasp allusions and experience analogical writing.
There are four allusions in the article:
Repeated Empty Stories, Qian Lou, Man without Wyeth and Man in Ge respectively compare literati, hermits and ordinary people to highlight their characters.
Key points:
① It is the highlight and aesthetic feeling of the text, and the nine words "no" almost completely capture the interest of the characters; ② is a supplement to ①, so that students can further ponder the profound meaning in the simple content and have a more comprehensive understanding of the characters. ③ It is not only the total revenue of ① and ②, but also a very difficult breakthrough; (4) Further exploration of difficulties. The above four links focus on cultivating students' breakthrough ability in reading.
(5) Exploration of reading.
1, Tao Yuanming "likes reading", why "doesn't ask for a solution"?
Key points:
This is related to his "no desire is just". The purpose of his reading is a kind of intellectual satisfaction and spiritual enjoyment, so "every time I know something, I am so happy that I forget to eat." He does not seek fame or profit, but only spiritual comfort. His lack of understanding reflects his frank and natural character. In the afterlife, there are many people who don't want to know much. They took this sentence out of context and used it as a fig leaf to cover up their ignorance. Students should be careful not to go astray.
2. Which sentence of "praise" matches the sentence of "I don't admire Li Rong" in the biography? What do you think of Mr. Wu Liu's "no desire is just"?
Key points:
The sentence corresponding to "Don't worship Li Rong" is "Don't use wealth"
Students can express their opinions on the viewpoint of "Don't worship Li Rong", as long as it is reasonable, there is no need for a fixed answer.
(6) Enlightenment and sublimation
1 Experience the writing features of this article.
Inspire students to feel the exquisiteness of language and the accuracy of material selection by asking questions.
The beauty of this article is not an exaggerated beauty, nor a simple beauty, but a refined beauty. Yang once said: "Gold and silver come from ore lead, and those who are not washed are not heavy enough." Sun Liankui also said: "If you don't wash it, it won't be clean, and if you don't refine it, it won't be refined." This article is a model of concise training. Writing, grasping characteristics, a few strokes, lifelike.
The language of this article is fresh and natural, and its personality is distinct, revealing one's feelings without any trace of carving or affectation. Please find out the sentences that embody these characteristics and understand their wonderful points.
[Pay attention to let students talk about their specific feelings. ]
2. Combined with the full text, what kind of person is Mr. Wu Liu?
From the discussion, it is not difficult to find that Mr. Wu Liu is a hermit who is indifferent to fame and fortune, content with poverty, open-minded and noble. Although he is embarrassed in life, he is optimistic and open-minded, entertaining himself with wine and poetry, which can be described as extraordinary and different. (List schematic diagram)
(Affirmation in negation; Enjoy yourself, laugh at yourself)
3. If you also evaluate yourself, what enlightenment can you get from it? In real life, what phenomena should we say "no" and what phenomena should we say "good"?
Through students' active speech, we can understand the spiritual connotation of the article, sublimate emotions, cultivate healthy personality and improve personality.
Conclusion: for many things, we should look at them in two. This should be the case whether you are evaluating others or yourself. In particular, to evaluate yourself, on the one hand, you should have "self-knowledge" and see your own shortcomings, on the other hand, you should have "since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" Confident. Tao Yuanming's self-affirmation and self-appreciation in negation is a good example. As for the right and wrong in social life, we should have a discerning eye.
(3) homework
1. Write an autobiography of about 200 people to express their personality and feelings in a negative, positive and self-deprecating way.
2. Recite the text.