When I was young, I studied under disciple Luo Congyan and later under Zhu. Yang, Luo, Li and Zhu are all masters of Neo-Confucianism, which was called "the Four Saints of Yanping" in ancient times.
Since The True Story, Luo has lived in seclusion in the mountains, retired from the secular world and devoted himself to his studies for more than 40 years. In the "two courses", he taught Zhu the true meaning of benevolence and the theory of sex, which are the core of Confucianism. Zhu further developed the theory of "emphasizing righteousness and life" and established a relatively complete and objective idealistic philosophy system. This theory holds that "rationality is innate and exists", which raises abstract rationality to the eternal and supreme realm. Although it deviates from the historical materialism of "existence determines consciousness", knowledge cannot go beyond certain historical conditions.
Li Dong's theory mainly includes "sitting quietly and clearing the heart" and "realizing justice". He said that when people have doubts about understanding, they should sit still and think, so as to stimulate people's wisdom and spirituality and reach the understanding height of "understanding human relations and obeying the laws of nature". In terms of research methods, it is proposed to "distinguish one thing from another", that is, to search for one thing repeatedly and step by step, which is "inexhaustible". It is really commendable to have simple dialectics from special to universal.
Li Dong's grave-sweeping activities
Li Dong is well-read and versatile. Although he lives in seclusion and studies behind closed doors, his planning strategy and foresight in world affairs are amazing. At that time, Zhu, Luo Bo, Liu Jiayu and other celebrities fell under his name.
126 In June, Emperor Xiaozong announced that Zhu had gone to Beijing to discuss his views on the current situation. Before leaving, Zhu made a special trip to visit the patriots who were "far away in the rivers and lakes and worried about the country and the people". He strongly advocated resisting Jin and opposing making peace with Jin Bing. He told Zhu San the things: first, "the way of university", and second, the reason of "defeating the enemy without fighting" today. The ancient three sages' ways of making enemies. Zhu talked about the above three points. Xiaozong was very happy and appreciated Zhu more.
Zhu's theory advocates that the communication between people should be based on fraternity, that is, "teachers are more important than courtesy, making friends is more important than faith, respecting the old and loving the young". It is said that people should be honest with each other. "If people don't believe it, they don't know what they can do." He also said that "honesty, sincerity, family, governance and peace of the world" closely linked the rule of the country with the neo-Confucianism of "honesty". In addition, in Zhu Xi's Family Instructions, "the husband is expensive, too; Women are expensive. " And "poetry and books must be read, manners must be known, and children and grandchildren must be taught." This is also in line with the concept of building a harmonious society today.
Li Dong was indifferent to fame and fortune all his life, sedentary, and didn't like writing and writing. He only has several works, such as Reading Talk in Xiaoshan and Study on the Analects of Confucius, but there are many quotations. Zhu was compiled as "Questions and Answers of Yanping" and later generations as "Collected Works of Teachers".
Li Dong doesn't want to be an official all his life. He is an honest and frank man and hates evil. After he lived in seclusion in the mountains, there were still some touching legends about how to fight against local dignitaries.
Li Dong takes care of the elderly at home and never considers himself a master. He is simple in food and clothing, approachable and seldom goes out at ordinary times. When he learned that there was a "Zhang Sanfu" in his neighboring village, Luokeng Village, the fish village was extremely evil and the people hated it, so they wanted to find a chance to cure this fanatic.
One day, Zhang Sanfu set out from Yanping House and returned to Luokeng Village to worship his ancestors. It was a great journey, and the gong cleared the way. When he passed Zhang Lan Village where Li Dong lived, he always walked straight and never got off the sedan chair. Dong Liyuan didn't care about these etiquette. This time, he wanted to teach him a lesson. Li Dong told this method to an old servant in advance. When Zhang Sanfu's sedan chair left, Zhang Sanfu woke up and he had offended Li Dong. He quickly got off the sedan chair, bowed to the robe and begged the old servant sitting next to the chair to say a good word to a surname. But the old servant didn't say a word, raised the plush chair and left without even looking at Zhang Sanfu. Zhang Sanfu was so embarrassed that he had to walk back to Luokeng Village. Zhang Fu has also converged a lot since then. The story of Li Dong punishing Zhang Sanfu is widely circulated in rural areas.
In the first year of Longxing, he went to give lectures at the invitation of the magistrate Wu. Unfortunately, he died on June 5, the same year 18 at the age of 7 1 and was buried in Wakou village, downstairs, Yanping. Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty once wrote the four characters "There is a sky in silence", which is still preserved in the Li family ancestral hall.
On April 6th last year, a grand ceremony was held in Wakou Village, Xia Lu Town, Yanping District, Nanping City. In Wakou village, there are all kinds of colorful flags, flowers and ancient music on Li Dong's grave. People burn incense to pay tribute to the saint according to the ancient ceremony. Zhang Guowang, secretary of Yanping District Committee of Nanping City, delivered a speech at the ceremony, expressing his deep memory and respect for the teachers in the whole district.
Li Dong Ancestral Temple was built in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty, but it has a long history and has been severely damaged by wind and rain. In May last year, led by the propaganda department of the municipal and district governments, it was donated by the society and repaired by all ethnic groups, and was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit for future generations to visit.