How long was the word written by the last champion in China history? Let's see.

How long was the word written by the last champion in China history? Let's take a look at Liu Chunlin (1872- 1944). His name is Run Qin and Shi Qing, and he is from Suning, Hebei. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), he was a scholar, and then he studied at Lianchi Academy in Baoding, where he studied under Wu Rulun, a master of ancient prose in Tongcheng. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), he was the last scholar in the history of China. As the last scholar in the history of China, Liu Chunlin was called Liu Chunlin. But he was born in poverty in his early years, and his family has been farming for generations. His father, Liu Kuishu, was a servant in Baoding's old yamen. According to the provisions of the imperial examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the children of Zao Li were not allowed to participate, so Liu Chunlin was fostered in his uncle's house in Suning County and later enrolled in Lianchi Academy. However, the imperial examination system was abolished in 1905, and the champion became a historical term. Later, Liu Chunlin studied in Japan and became an official after returning to China, but none of them were outstanding. After the Republic of China, he was favored by Yuan Shikai, the great president, as the internal history of the great presidential palace and organized the "Central Agricultural Experimental Field". During his presidency, Xu Shichang and Cao Kun were awarded the posts of Deputy Secretary of the Presidential Palace and Acting Director of the Secretariat Office, and later served as the director of the Zhili Education Department. On behalf of Xu Shichang, they twice presided over Confucius Dacheng Festival in Qufu, Shandong Province. 1935, Song Yebai, then chairman of Chahar Province, was a teacher and asked him to give lectures twice a week. Song respects Liu very much. Every time he sends his car to give lectures, he shows his respect for his teacher. At the beginning of the establishment of the Puppet Manchukuo, the Puppet Prime Minister Zheng invited him to be the Puppet Minister of Education in the name of his eldest grandson Puyi, and refused on the grounds that "you are not the king of the past, and I am not the minister of the past". After the fall of Beiping, Wang, the political commissar of the pseudo-North China, also made friends with scholars and students who had stayed in Japan in those years, and was invited to be the mayor of the pseudo-Beiping, which was categorically denounced by Liu and maintained a noble national integrity. Therefore, the Japanese and puppet authorities looted all the calligraphy and painting cultural relics collected by Liu Chunlin for many years, and drove his family out of the house. Later, under the pressure of public opinion, they had to return the looted property, and Liu Chunlin died of illness. Liu Chunlin's calligraphy has always been valued by the world, because it enjoys the reputation of being the top scholar. Especially at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, firms from all over China and Hongkong liked to invite the first prize, second prize, flower exploration and biography (Liu Chunlin, Zhu Ruzhen, Shang,) to write four screens to add luster to the facade. But what about their real calligraphy level? First of all, its calligraphy must be cabinet-style, neat and dignified, steady and steady, and it can describe the characteristics of "Wu, Fang and Guang" in cabinet-style calligraphy as a must. Currently in the Palace Museum, Gongwangfu, Beihai Park, etc. Now you can still see the stickers written by many famous ministers in the Qing Dynasty, which is roughly this font. The number one scholar is writing about beautiful women in the pavilion, so the order of placement is relatively unified. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, especially after the abolition of the imperial examination system, the style of calligraphy developed rapidly and the pavilion gradually withdrew from the historical stage. By the time of the Republic of China, this font had become different in the eyes of the world, which can be seen from people's evaluation of Liu Chunlin's calligraphy. The detractors think that "Liu Chunlin's handwriting is very humble, and there are not enough opinions". Especially in 193 1 year, he went to Shanghai to give a large sum of money to Harbin, a dead Jewish businessman, and was praised as a beautiful talk by people at sea ... at the expense of asking him to write. According to Jin Liang of the same year, Liu Jiu suffered from hand tremor and could not write. He can only write occasionally from 1 1 to 12: 30 in the evening, so people value his calligraphy more. Mr. Deng Yunxiang also wrote, "Teacher Liu's handwriting is very round and well-behaved. Because he didn't hold many official positions and didn't hold important positions after Xinhai, his handwriting was very formal, only small, not big, which was slightly inferior to other top scholars in the late Qing Dynasty, such as Weng Tonghe and Lu Runxiang. "There are many people who use seven words to praise Liu Chunlin's running script, and Liu Chunlin once spent his life on books, and there are many gains to prove it. The author also believes that pavilion calligraphy can't be erased in one stroke. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, most calligraphers who were active in the book world had the experience of taking the imperial examination, and many of them took calligraphy as their profession. According to Gao Zhunji, Gao Yucheng's son from Hanlin, "During the Revolution of 1911, the former Hanlin was scattered, and the word' Zi' was used as the rice beam. At that time, there were calligraphy and painting clubs and Nanzhijian shops in major cities, which bought calligraphy and painting on behalf of customers, such as Rong Baozhai in Peiping and Dream Room in Tientsin, competing to print "decorations"-commonly known as "pen lists", that is, price lists ... so the business was very prosperous. This provided a convenient door for Gong Hanlin to sell characters. "These scholars who stood out in the imperial examinations were proud of their formal training in the style of cabinet calligraphy in their early years. Some of them became famous calligraphers, which was closely related to their early imperial examinations. The plaque says "Primary School". Liu Chunlin is recognized as a top calligrapher in the book world, and his calligraphy is the best in small letters. During their stay in Beijing, all the dignitaries in Beijing were proud to get Liu Shu's epitaph, including the Ming Death Monument in Beihai and Yuanbao, the epitaph of Feng Yuxiang's father, and the epitaph of Han Fuju's mother. There are also many publications about Liu Chunlin's calligraphy, including the Book of the First Scholar, Preface to Saint Education, Diamond Sutra, Ling Fei Sutra and Preface to Lanting. Because of his small letters, people call him "Yan Zhenqing in big letters, Liu Chunlin in small letters". It is said that he can write thousands of small letters word for word, which shows his extraordinary skill. In regular script and small letters, Zhong Shaojing's Ling Fei Classic, Chu Suiliang's Preface to Holy Education and Wang Xizhi's Huang Tingjing were adopted. At present, 1904 "Introduction to the First Scholar of Chen Jia Branch" is his most representative work. This volume of calligraphy is a masterpiece of calligraphy. It is no wonder that Lu Runxiang, the marking minister and scholar, praised Liu Chunlin's paper, "This volume of calligraphy is neat, which is the highest in the imperial examination". Although there are many unsatisfactory places in the pavilion style, the book "Chen Jiazhi's First Scholar" is impeccable in structure. Chen Jiazhi's First Scholar Policy 1 Part of Liu Chunlin is not only proficient in calligraphy, but also in poetry, ancient prose, primary school, history and epigraphy. His big letters began in Shinan and Ou Yangxun, and then he dabbled in Zhao Meng. What he does is very similar to the enlarged fine-print calligraphy. The overall calligraphy is even and fine, but the deficiency is the lack of the massiness of Yan calligraphy and the tension of tablet calligraphy. Compared with Nantong Zhang Jian, who is also the top scholar, Zhang Jian's regular script is mainly heavy and elegant, but he is better than Liu in both mind and courage. This may be Zhang Jian's bumpy experience in his early years, and it is also his experience in the military. Moreover, after the Republic of China, Zhang Jian devoted himself to public affairs and made many contributions to public affairs and people's livelihood. From calligraphy, we can get a glimpse of their personality differences. Part of Liu Chunlin's calligraphy "Chen Jia's engraving of Zhuang Yuan" in small letters is not out of the category of cabinet style. Starting with the calligraphy of "two kings", it inherited the style of "cabinet body" in the late Ming Dynasty, which was rather cramped. It can be seen that he initially took the exam as the purpose, specializing in small letters, but failed to be good at running script. Later researchers mentioned that under the guidance of Zhang Yuzhao, a calligrapher of Liu Chunlin Calligraphy School, his calligraphy in books and letters to friends during his stay in was influenced by the school. However, when I look at Liu Chunlin's calligraphy, I really think that the idea of this kind of public book is very conservative and stubborn. Calligraphy has always been the level of top scholars' public library. Except for the application, the appearance has not changed significantly. In a word, Liu Chunlin's calligraphy not only meets the needs of royal aesthetics, but also has a basic style that does not belong to the category of calligraphy, which represents the result of pavilion-style calligraphy developing to a model. On the other hand, Liu Chunlin's calligraphy is subtle, solemn, refined and fluent. Although limited by the times, it also has its own unique calligraphy realm, which is unique in the book world in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.