The "Big Four" is illusory and does not really admit that there are four basic "real" substances.
The origin is that all phenomena in the world are born of karma, without their own phenomena (all laws have no self-nature) and without eternal phenomena (all actions are impermanent). So Buddhism says that the universe has no beginning and no end. If there is a beginning, what was it like before it started? But this is essentially different from agnosticism.
Materialism says that matter determines the production of consciousness, but it cannot explain how matter is produced. If matter is not determined, it already exists. Is it not a fruit without reason? If a phenomenon appears for no reason, it is different from the so-called first cause, the Christian God, and violates the causality, contingency and inevitability of materialism. Someone explained how the state before the Big Bang came into being. This is different from another question: how did God come into being?
Russell said in the article "Why am I not a Christian": The argument of the original reason for God's existence may be simple and easy to understand (everything we see in the world has a reason, and if we trace back to the source step by step, we will eventually find an original reason, and we will give this original reason a name of God). Until I was ten years old, one day when I was reading John Stuart Mill's autobiography, I suddenly found this sentence: "My father taught me,' Who created me?' , is an unsolvable problem, because then people will inevitably ask,' Who created God?' Today, I still think that this extremely simple sentence points out the absurdity of the reason argument. If everything happens for a reason, then so does God. If there is something without a reason, it is probably the world, just as it may be God, so this argument is lifeless. This has nothing to do with
Hinduism believes that the world is on the back of an elephant, and this elephant is on the back of a tortoise. If someone asks, "Whose back is the tortoise?" They can only falter: "Say something else!" The explanation of the reason is really no better than this. There is no reason why the world cannot be created for no reason. On the other hand, we have no reason to say that the world should not exist all the time. We have no reason to think that the world must have a beginning. The idea that everything has a beginning is actually caused by our lack of imagination. Therefore, I probably don't have to waste my time on the argument of the reasons.
This point has been clearly explained by quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, the motion state of quantum is uncertain, and the so-called "objective existence" does not exist in quantum mechanics. Here, the so-called unity of subject and object is close to the Buddhist point of view.
So Einstein said that he didn't believe in God's dice, which means the randomness of quantum motion.
Dr. Willer, an expert in quantum mechanics at Texas State University in the United States, confirmed in experimental observation: "Only observation exists, and without observation, there is nothing!" This is the observer-driven law of change in quantum mechanics. The famous physicist Fritz London said: "Von Newman's fine quantum theory shows that physical entities are only caused by people's thoughts, and the real entities are thoughts."
Quantum mechanics shows that the intention of the observer plays an important role in the experiment. The more frequently a quantum mechanical system is observed in a specific state, the more likely it is to keep its original state. It shows that there is a subtle interaction between human mind and inanimate objects. In medicine, it has been recognized that if a patient is optimistic and open-minded, his illness will get better easily. But some people have done tumor resection, but they always suspect that it is still there. In this way, the tumor will really come back.
In quantum mechanics, the observer's subjective behavior or mental factors have become one of the inevitable influences, and the data that the observer can measure is not the original state before interference. This is the law of uncertainty. When you want to "determine" the position of an electron, this determination has a very serious impact on this electron. Its momentum immediately becomes infinite, which is no longer the behavior of the original electron. When you want to "determine" its momentum, its position cannot be determined, and only the probability of its appearance at a certain point can be determined at most.
But if you ask, how did the universe come into being? It's like asking: all beings are Buddhas, how can there be ignorance, and how is ignorance born? In the Jue Yuan Sutra, the Bodhisattva Vajrayana asked the Buddha: If all living beings are Buddhas, why are they ignorant? Buddha said: For example, if you see empty flowers in vain, and you remove the illusion, you can't say that this illusion has gone out. When did all the illusions rise? Why, if you spend two ways, you don't treat each other well, just like when empty flowers disappear into space, you can't tell when the void will become more empty. Why, there are no flowers in the air, not from the beginning to the end, life and death nirvana, from the beginning to the end, the wonderful feeling is round, away from flowers.
I have an eye disease and see flowers in the air. The eye disease has healed. Q: When was this flower born? There are no flowers. When did they appear? Ignorance is an "empty flower", and there are no flowers in the air; That's what the sixth ancestor Huineng said: there was no dust, so there was no dust.
It is difficult for ordinary people to understand. Because mortals regard illusion as true, while Buddhists say that everything is empty.
"Hua Yan Jing" said: "If people want to know, all the Buddhas in the three realms should observe the essence of Buddhism and create everything with idealism."
All over the world, people are talking about the universe itself, the smallest part of the world. "Zhuangzi-Tianxia Chapter" also said: "One foot pestle, half a day is endless", indicating that matter can be infinitely divided and will never have any minimum weight!
In Ode to Only Knowing Twenty, Bodhisattva explained why the heresy of infinitesimal, the smallest component of the material world at that time, did not exist.
Master Xiao Gang explained in Ode to Only Knowing Twenty: What if infinitesimal can be established, true and consistent as heretics say? Let's have a look.
Real things must have size and occupy space. Once they occupy space, they must have three dimensions and six directions: front, back, left, right, up and down, which are absolutely indispensable. For example, from the left side of this chalk box, you can only see this little white rabbit. As for what is on the right, I don't know. From above, I can't see what's below.
If I have a car, I must load a car with chalk. We call this box A. The chalk box on the left of A can only touch the left of A, not the right of A, the front of A, and the back, top and bottom. This box of chalk on the right side of A can only touch the right side of A, not the left side of A, nor the front side of A, let alone the back, top and bottom. This box of chalk in front of A can only contact with the front of A, not with the left side of A, not with the right side of A, nor with the back, top and bottom. The box of chalk behind A can only touch the back of A, not the left side of A, nor the right side of A, nor the front, top and bottom. This box of chalk on top of A can only touch the top surface of A, not the left side of A, not the right side of A, and not the front, back and bottom surface of A.. This box of chalk at the bottom of A can only touch the bottom surface of A, not the left side of A, not the right side of A, nor the front, back and top surface.
This is a box of chalk. How about a small box? Similarly, there is an infinitesimal in the middle, and its surroundings are full of infinitesimals. We call this small one in the middle a. This infinitesimal on the east side of the nail infinitesimal can only contact the east side of the nail infinitesimal, but not the other sides. This micro on the west side of the nail micro can only contact with the west side of the nail micro, but not with other sides. This minimum on the south side of the nail minimum can only contact with the south side of the nail minimum, but not with other sides. This infinitesimal on the north side of the nail infinitesimal can only contact with the north side of the nail infinitesimal, but not with other surfaces. This tiny part of the top of the nail can only contact with the top surface of the nail, but not with other sides. The infinitesimal under the nail infinitesimal can only contact with the lower surface of the nail infinitesimal, but not with other sides. This is a one-to-one correspondence and there is absolutely no room for confusion.
Kui Ji's "Narrator" said: "The East Pole is unreasonable in more than five aspects." In this way, it can be divided into six parts at least. Since an infinitesimal can be divided into six components, can it still be called infinitesimal? Minimal is a unit that can't be subdivided ~ ~ Since it can be divided into six parts, it must not be the smallest unit or the smallest entity unit, so it is not minimal, which is contrary to self-study. Do you have anything else to say?
The conclusion is that the smallest component of the material world does not exist! Or: the smallest component is not "real (objective reality)" at all!
From this point of view, the "emptiness" mentioned by Buddhism is not only the eternal emptiness of the self, but also the emptiness when the body is empty.
This is why many Buddhist monks can break through the barriers of time and space and have magical power. Einstein also said: Time and space are our misunderstandings and illusions. Hua Yanjing said: I once met III.