After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the land reform movement that continued in the liberated areas was very different from that in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and during the War of Liberation. It inherited the past experience and lessons, making the land reform more concrete and scientific.
Keywords the early days of People's Republic of China (PRC); Land reform; study
It is of long-term historical significance for us to study the land reform movement in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Nowadays, scholars are studying land reform more and more, and the scope is getting wider and wider. This paper summarizes and analyzes the following aspects:
First, the reference value of the compilation of historical documents
After the end of land reform, a series of related historical materials came out one after another, including national historical materials and local historical materials. Historical materials of national land reform include Selected Historical Materials of China. "This book contains 463 historical documents about rent reduction and interest reduction and land reform in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Liberation War and the three periods after the founding of New China" [1], including the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Compilation of Documents of the Government Affairs Bureau of the Central People's Government, Volume 1 volume 1949, 1st to 13th meetings from October to February [2], Volume 5 of Compilation of Documents of the Government Affairs Bureau of the Central People's Government, Volume1volume, July to/kloc-. The collection of important documents on agricultural collectivization (1949- 1957) [4] contains agricultural related documents from 1949 to 1957. In addition, there are many data collections in the liberated areas such as East China, Southwest China, Central South China and Northwest China, but there are also many provincial documents. The land reform area in southern Jiangxi studied in this paper is the middle and southern Jiangxi. As far as Central and South China is concerned, historical materials include "Compilation of Important Documents and Experiences of Land Reform" [5] and "Compilation of Important Documents and Experiences of Land Reform" [6]. This book is divided into two volumes, which contain policies and decrees of central and southern provinces. The collection of laws and regulations 195 1 [7] is a collection of laws and regulations on civil affairs, land reform, justice, procuratorial work, personnel, finance, food, taxation, industry, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy and transportation, culture and health in central and southern China. The Plan of Land Reform in Jiangxi Province [8] brings together the principles, key points, procedures and systems of land reform in Jiangxi Province. Jiangxi land reform (No.31Series of Jiangxi Party History Data) [9] contains the relevant policies of Jiangxi land reform and describes the process of Jiangxi land reform in detail, which is worth learning. The compilation of these precious historical materials provides a macro reference value for the study of this paper.
Second, look at land reform from the perspective of traditional paradigm.
The most studied land reform is the national and overall evaluation of China's land reform. Based on the traditional research paradigm of revolutionary politics, the content mainly includes the process of land reform, land policy, experience summary and so on. For example, Huimo's On Land Reform [10] * * is divided into fifteen chapters, which tells the process of land reform in different countries in special periods, such as the enclosure movement in Britain and the land reform during the French Revolution. At the same time, the problems of land reform and farmers and the problems and basic tasks of land reform in China at present are put forward. Zhang Yongquan and Zhao Quanjun's History of China's Land Reform [1 1] expounded the rural situation, the course and basic experience of land reform in old China. Du Runsheng's "Land Reform in China" [12] is divided into four parts, which discusses the social basis of China's land reform, and expounds in detail the relevant policies, principles, problems and achievements in the early and late period of the founding of the People's Republic of China, as well as the basic experience of China's land reform. Luo Pinghan's History of Land Reform Movement [13] discusses China before and after the land reform, in which the land reform in the old areas is more detailed and the later period of the founding of the People's Republic of China is simpler. Dong Zhikai and Chen Yanxuan's History of Land Reform [14] expounded the land reform in different stages from the founding of the Party to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and grasped the overall situation of land reform from a macro perspective. Chen's book "Rural China after Land Reform" [15] uses 12 to describe the new face of rural China from the aspects of policy system, production, life, thought and education. Chi Wen's "On the Land Reform Movement in the Early Years of the People's Republic of China" [16] has brought about a reversal and provided opportunities for the rural economy by expounding the division of classes and the changes in land laws. Li Liangyu's "Land Reform Movement in the Early Years of the People's Republic of China" [17] expounds the new policy adjustment of the land reform movement in the early years of the People's Republic of China, paying special attention to the implementation of the rich peasant policy and the property distribution policy and how to smoothly remove the obstacles encountered, which greatly promoted the enthusiasm and initiative of working farmers.
All of the above is a macro grasp of China's land reform, focusing on the historical process of China's land reform, describing in detail the land reform movement in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, emphasizing the political nature of land reform and fully affirming the future development of China.
Third, look at land reform from the perspective of regional research.
Many scholars have turned their attention to the land reform in a province, a county or even a township, and there are also many related studies in books, periodicals and papers. Ma Yingqing's "Land Reform Liberation War" [18] takes the land reform struggle from the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Hengtai County to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China as the historical background, and reflects the achievements and economic development brought by the land reform system through the description of the character events in the land reform movement in Hengtai Town. Shen's article "Practice and Theory of Rural Land Reform in Guangdong" discusses the practice and related essays of rural land reform in Guangdong. "The first half discusses the current situation, existing problems and countermeasures of rural homestead management in various parts of Guangdong; The second half mainly discusses the circulation system, present situation and countermeasures of rural collective construction land. From the discussion of these issues, readers can see the historical track and way out of rural land reform in Guangdong. " [19] The book Land Reform in Shandong by Du Jingchuan, Shao and Xu Bo clearly combs the historical process of land reform in Shandong Province from the beginning to the completion, and introduces the great achievements made in land reform [20] Zhao Zengyan's Land Reform in the Hometown of Overseas Chinese in the Early Years of People's Republic of China (PRC) [2 1] Through the study of its land ownership relationship and class division, it summarizes historical experience. W.Hinton, an American writer, wrote a revolutionary documentary about a village turning over in China [22], describing the process of land reform and rural change in a village in northern China. In addition, there is Zhang's "Rural Changes and Farmers' Memory: Research on Land Reform in Old Shandong Junan County:1941-1951"[23]. Hong Jian and Xu wrote "Sichuan land reform and rural social changes in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China-a case study of Sichuan's contemporary rural modernization" [24], "Implementing the Party's ethnic policy in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China-focusing on southwest ethnic areas" [26], Yang and Liu Jian's "Research on land reform in eastern Guizhou ethnic areas in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China" [27], and "Land reform and its economic performance in Taiwan Province Province" [ Feng's regional article on urban suburbs "An Empirical Study on Land Reform in Shanghai Suburbs in the Early Period of Liberation" [Based on the above regional research articles, most scholars are willing to study relatively developed provinces and cities, mostly concentrated in Henan, Hubei, Guangdong, Fujian, Beijing, Shanghai, Taiwan Province and other places. However, there are only a handful of articles about underdeveloped areas such as Jiangxi Province, and even fewer papers about land reform in southern Jiangxi. At present, only Wan Tingting's Study on Land Reform of Ruijin Shazhouba [3 1] studies the process of land reform in Shazhouba County, which is divided into a series of contents and influences before, during and after land reform. You Guozhen's Analysis of the Implementation of the Economic Policy Law on Preserving the Rich Peasants in Central and South China in the Land Reform of New China; Taking Central and South China as a typical example, this paper analyzes the implementation of preserving rich peasant economy in Central and South China from two aspects: the objective situation in rural areas and the subjective thoughts of local leaders. [32] There are Jiang's Preliminary Study on the Influence of the Movement to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea on the Land Reform in the Early Years of the People's Republic of China —— Taking Jiangxi Province as an Example; Liu Shigu's The State, Peasants and Business Landlords —— The "Liquidation" Struggle in the Land Reform in Nanchang County; Research on the Land Reform in the Suburbs of Nanchang in the Early Years of Liberation; and Huang's Social Mobilization and Rural Reform:1. Liu Shigu's "Grain Requisition," Spring Shortage "and Rent Reduction and Refusal: Re-understanding of Land Reform —— Centering on 1949- 195 1 year". [33]
Fourthly, look at land research from the perspective of diversification.
In recent years, there are many papers on land reform from a diversified perspective, which have broken through the previous revolutionary and political paradigms and focused on social history, economic history, history, communication and other perspectives under the modern paradigm, involving major figures, people's psychology, ideological education, intellectuals, mass mobilization and other different perspectives. For example, Yin Jin's Land Reform and Rural Society in the Early Republic of China expounds the political, economic and educational changes brought about by the land reform in Guilin from the perspective of social history. She Jun's "Land Reform in the Early Republic of China and the Development of China's Modernization" attempts to reinterpret the land reform movement in the early Republic of China from the perspective of modernization, and points out that the history of land reform movement is an important content and inevitable requirement of China's century-old modernization. The completion of land reform has strongly promoted the historical process of China's modernization. From land reform to cooperation is the inherent requirement of the development of China's modernization model. "Rural China, Socialist Country by American writer Freeman is also a modern paradigm." This book examines the life of farmers in the North China Plain from 1935 to 1960. This paper studies the social situation in North China Plain, focusing on how some families, villagers and local cadres get in touch with the new socialism that brings survival opportunities. "[34] Deng Zihui's thoughts on land reform are the papers on land reform with relevant important figures as the research object. This paper evaluates Deng Zihui's thoughts on land reform, which has certain correctness and is of great significance to its rural development. Zheng Qun and Liu Zijian's "Ye Jianying protects overseas Chinese in the land reform" elaborated how Ye Jianying insisted on "uniting the broad masses of people" to protect overseas Chinese in the land reform struggle. He Wei and Ma Xianrui's "Liu Shaoqi's Thoughts on Land Reform and Its Historical Role" analyzes his thoughts and propositions, and holds that "these thoughts and propositions have made important contributions to the profound social changes of China's land reform, and enriched and developed the theory of land revolution of China's * * * production party. Ren Fangxiu's article "On the Influence of Land Reform Movement on Modern Neo-Confucianism in the Early Years of the People's Republic of China —— Taking Feng Youlan, Liang Shuming and He Lin as Examples" shows that "Land reform is an important reason for the ideological transformation of modern Neo-Confucianism and a practical platform for ideological transformation", and the discussion angle is relatively novel, and few people involve this aspect. Zhang Ming's Mobilization Structure and Mode-Political Operation of Land Reform in North China (1946- 1949) emphasizes the mobilization mechanism of land reform from the perspective of mass mobilization. Wang Yifan's "Land Reform from the Perspective of Moral Economy and Rational Small Farmers" "discusses farmers' judgment and behavior choice of the current situation during the land reform period in the early days of the founding of New China from the perspective of moral economy and rational small farmers, and analyzes the differences between the choices of surviving small farmers and rational small farmers during the land reform period in the sense of village identity, based on survival ethics and rational calculation". The angle is novel Cui Xiaolin's "Land Reform and Ideological Transformation of Intellectuals" discusses the close relationship and interaction between land reform and intellectuals, with a novel perspective. Liu Yifan's "Public Opinion Mobilization of Northeast Land Reform from the Perspective of Communication" "Based on the perspective of communication, it is found that the ways of China's * * * production party's public opinion mobilization for farmers in Northeast China include constructing farmers' political identity symbols through the consciousness of the enlightenment class, emotional mobilization through complaining struggle, attracting activists to join the party, and establishing grassroots party organizations. Ma Runfan's Political Sociological Analysis of Land Reform in Liberated Areas (1947- 1949) uses the research method of political sociology to see through the new characteristics of land reform in this specific period, thus revealing more truly the historical track of China's * * * production party's success in gaining farmers' recognition. "Li's peasant mentality in land reform: centering on rural areas in North China" 1937- 1949 reveals "peasant mentality and behavior and their interactive relationship with land reform"
To sum up, domestic scholars' research on land reform in the early days of the People's Republic of China is rich in content and wide in scope, but the research on regional land reform has been concentrated in economically developed areas, and the historical data mining in underdeveloped areas needs further study by scholars, especially the land reform in counties and cities of Jiangxi Province. Foreign scholars have not really experienced the stage of land reform in China, and have not fully expounded the current situation at that time, and there are also some defects. These achievements provide many valuable references for the author. There are not many books and papers about the land reform in southern Jiangxi. Only through the compilation of historical documents of higher authorities, archives of local archives and libraries, local chronicles and newspapers of relevant years can the original appearance of the land reform be restored at that time, and the history of the land reform in southern Jiangxi be enriched through these precious original files.
refer to
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