Chinese studies include ancient Chinese philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, textual criticism, ethics, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, agriculture, arithmetic, geography, politics, economics, calligraphy, painting, music, architecture, etc. Many aspects.
The current concept of "Guoxue" came into being in the 19th century. At that time, the reform trend of "the spread of Western learning to the east" was at its peak. In order to compete with Western learning, Zhang Zhidong, Wei Yuan and others proposed "Middle School" (Chinese He also advocated the concept of "Chinese learning as the body and Western learning as the application". On the one hand, he studied Western civilization and at the same time restored the classics of the Han Dynasty.
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Guoxue is based on the classics of the Pre-Qin Dynasty and hundreds of schools of thought, covering Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty, metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Taoism of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties, practical science of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and At the same time, there is a unique and complete cultural and academic system including pre-Qin poetry, Han fu, Six Dynasties parallel prose, Tang and Song poetry, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels, and the history of the past dynasties.
The theories of hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period coexisted and flourished, and there was no master-slave relationship. In terms of their role in each period, the theories of each school played a dominant role in each period. Or it plays a hidden role, but the fields it plays are different; since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed hundreds of schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", Confucianism has played a mainstream role in the field of ideological enlightenment, but other schools of thought have also played an important role in different fields. effect.
Baidu Encyclopedia—Chinese Studies