The people's heroes who died in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution
are immortal
The people's heroes who died in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution
are immortal
dating back to 184
.
The people's heroes who died in the struggle are immortal
Recently, Sa Beining
stood up and recited the inscription on the Monument to the People's Heroes
paid tribute to the immortal people's heroes
He said
"Today, everyone went to Tiananmen Square
to pay tribute to the Monument to the People's Heroes
It is a contemporary
in this way < P > prepared is the inscription on the Monument to the People's Heroes
From his words, we can feel that
patriotism is inseparable from remembering heroes
Netizens have left messages:
"People's heroes, Immortality "
The Monument to the People's Heroes was completed in p>1958
This monument vividly shows the magnificent course of the people's revolution
It is a building of great political significance in new China
Its existence
It commemorates the heroes
It is also an inspiration
It decided to build the Monument to the People's Heroes
In p>1949.
Because Tiananmen Square bears the revolutionary tradition since the May 4th Movement, it is a place that people of all ethnic groups in China admire and yearn for. Zhou Enlai proposed that the monument be built in Tiananmen Square.
Zhou Enlai's proposal was unanimously approved and passed by the delegates. At 6 pm on September 3th, all the delegates attending the China People's Political Consultative Conference after the closing ceremony held a groundbreaking ceremony for the establishment of a monument in Tiananmen Square.
on behalf of the presidium, Zhou Enlai said: "The first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference decided to build a monument to the people's heroes who died for the country in the Chinese people's capital, in order to call on the people to commemorate the dead and inspire the living. Now, on September 3, 1949, all our delegates held the groundbreaking ceremony for this monument outside Tiananmen Square. "
On September 3, 1949, Zhou Enlai presided over the groundbreaking ceremony of the Monument to the People's Heroes
The establishment of the Monument Construction Committee
The reference to the Monument Construction Committee was first seen in the report of the Beijing Municipal People's Government to the Government Council on February 27, 1951. This report was signed by Nie Rongzhen, Mayor of Beijing, Zhang Youyu and Wu Han, Vice Mayors. Its main content is that the construction of the monument will begin in the spring of 1951, and the establishment of the organization and the project budget are put forward.
on may 1, 1952, the construction Committee of the monument to the people's heroes in the capital was formally established. Peng Zhen, then mayor of Beijing, served as the director of the committee, Liang Sicheng and Zheng Zhenduo, internationally renowned architects, served as deputy directors, and Xue Zizheng, then secretary-general of Beijing Municipal People's Government, served as secretary-general. Wang Mingzhi (then Director of Beijing Construction Bureau) was the Director of Engineering Affairs Department. The Engineering Affairs Office consists of seven groups, namely: architectural design group, art working group, electrical installation group, civil construction group, stone supply group, financial accounting group (under the responsibility of China Finance Committee) and photography record group.
In addition, a special committee was set up to study the historical materials needed for relief paintings under the leadership of Fan Wenlan, director of the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Sciences. The meeting also decided that the Monument to the People's Heroes is a great and permanent revolutionary monument, and the best talents in the country must be concentrated in this work. If necessary, cadres can be called to all parts of the country through the Central Personnel Department.
Determine the design scheme
On September 3, 1949, after the first plenary session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference passed the decision to build the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Beijing Urban Planning Commission immediately issued a notice on the planning and design of the Monument to all architectural design units and architectural departments of universities and colleges across the country. By 1951, more than 14 design schemes and design modification schemes in various forms had been received (more than 24 were received by the time of finalization). Overseas Chinese also actively offered suggestions, and Chen Jiageng, the leader of overseas Chinese, organized overseas Chinese to draw drawings and make a cement stigma model.
In order to reflect Premier Zhou Enlai's instruction that the purpose of building monuments is to "commemorate the dead and inspire the living", in March 1953, the Construction Committee selected 8 design schemes from more than 24, and solicited opinions from professional designers.
in p>1952, the parties concerned solicited the opinions of people from all walks of life in various ways, and summarized and revised them into the final drawings. After determining the monument type, the monument to the people's heroes was officially started on August 1, 1952.
Determine the shape and appearance of the overall monument
The height of the monument is 37.94m, and the area of the monument base is about 3,m2. The pedestal is divided into two floors, surrounded by white marble railings, all with steps. The bottom seat is begonia-shaped, with a width of 5.44 meters from east to west and a length of 61.5 meters from north to south. The upper seat is square. On the pedestal are two layers of sumeru (a pedestal with a convex side and a concave middle, gradually evolved from Buddha).
Eight huge white marble reliefs are embedded around the waist of the lower Great Sumitomo, with the themes of Humen Smoke, jintian uprising, Wuchang Uprising, May 4th Movement, May 3th Movement, Nanchang Uprising, Anti-Japanese Guerrillas and Victory Crossing the Yangtze River.
On both sides of the reliefs of Shengli Crossing the Yangtze River, there are two other decorative reliefs with the theme of supporting the front line and welcoming the People's Liberation Army. The relief is 2 meters high, with a total length of 4.68 meters. There are more than 17 figures in the relief sculpture, which shows the great historical facts of the people's revolution in China in the past hundred years. There are 8 garlands composed of peony, lotus, chrysanthemum, hanging curtain, etc. engraved around the upper-level Mixumi. Two layers of sumeru support the tall monument. The heart of the monument is a big stone with a length of 14.7 meters, a width of 2.9 meters, a thickness of 1 meter and a weight of 13 tons.
The overall image of the Monument to the People's Heroes
On the front (north) of the monument, eight gold-plated Chinese characters inscribed by Mao Zedong with the title "Immortality of the People's Heroes" (inscribed on June 9, 1955) are engraved; On the back is an inscription written by Zhou Enlai and drafted by Mao Zedong at the first plenary session in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
The inscription reads: "Over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution are immortal! Over the past 3 years, the people's heroes who died in the people's liberation war and the people's revolution are immortal! This goes back to 184. Since then, in order to oppose internal and external enemies and strive for national independence and people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previous struggles will be immortal! "
The words "for three years" in this inscription refer to the war of liberation; "Thirty years" refers to the new-democratic revolutionary struggle from the May 4th Movement in 1919 to the founding of New China in 1949; In 184, China was invaded. After the Opium War in 184, China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. During these three periods, there were unyielding struggles of China patriots.
The sides of the monument are decorated with relief garlands composed of five stars, pine and cypress and flags, symbolizing the eternal revolutionary spirit of the people's heroes. Inscriptions are engraved on the stone surface by inscriptions, and then made into steel tires with gold lettering by adopting the traditional gold-plating method in China. Inscriptions and inscriptions cost more than 13 taels of gold. The whole monument is made of more than 17, pieces of granite and white marble, which is magnificent and solemn. The relief stone of the monument was collected from the white marble mine in Fangshan, Beijing. The monument adopts a reinforced concrete tube, which firmly ties and pours the stones of the pedestal and the monument body together.
*** Care about the construction of the Monument to the People's Heroes
The Monument to the People's Heroes was completed under the direct instructions of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other revolutionaries of the older generation. There is a precious Mao Zedong calligraphy instruction in the historical materials.
After seeing the design of the Monument to the People's Heroes, three democrats, Zhu Qiqian, Zhang Shizhao and Ye Gongchuo, suggested to Mao Zedong that they put forward new opinions on the design of the Monument. For example, the historical materials of relief should be carefully selected, and the pictures of the founding of the People's Republic of China should not be omitted; Copper casting can be considered as the relief material; The whole graph should be considered again; The patterns of each part should be selected separately, and the patterns of Ming and Qing dynasties are delicate and weak, so it is not appropriate to use them more.
After seeing the proposal, Mao Zedong gave instructions: "Comrade Peng Zhen, please refer this to the Committee for discussion and invite three people to participate." In the archives of Beijing Archives, there is another draft inscription on the cornerstone of the monument personally revised by Mao Zedong. The original inscription was "the foundation stone laying ceremony of China People's Liberation War and China People's Revolutionary Martyrs Monument" written by Peng Zhen, and Mao Zedong changed it to "The people's heroes who died in China People's Liberation War and China People's Revolution are immortal!"
When Mao Zedong sent the inscription "The People's Heroes are Immortal", Liu Kaiqu sent it to Premier Zhou Enlai in proportion to the size of the monument. Soon, Premier Zhou Enlai personally sent the written inscription to the construction site, and said modestly, "I hid in Beidaihe to practice calligraphy for a week. Do you think it's ok?"
Liu Kaiqu was transferred to Beijing in 1953 as the design director of the monument and the head of the sculpture group. Before this, the idea of making eight reliefs around the monument has been decided. After repeated discussions, it was determined that there were eight themes in the 1-odd-year history from the Opium War in 184 to the founding of New China, but it was not clear at the moment what characters were engraved on the screen and whether the party leaders were engraved. The design office had to ask Mao Zedong for instructions. Mao Zedong instructed that the characters in each plot should only be carved into the cadres of the company, not the senior leaders. When someone proposed to show the autumn harvest uprising led by Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong disagreed and insisted: "Let's engrave the Nanchang Uprising on August 1st!"
Inscription
In October p>1949, Wei Changqing, a famous calligrapher and seal engraver, was invited to participate in the monument building project. Mao Zedong's inscription was originally written on stationery, and each word was only about two inches square. To engrave these words on the stele, we must first enlarge the words by 2 times, and one of the words "forever" is more than two meters high. At that time, the staff magnified the words with the help of a slide projector, and then traced the words according to the light and shadow. However, the words drawn in this way have lost the charm of the original handwriting. Wei Changqing carefully analyzed the characteristics of Mao Zedong's handwritten characters, and then carefully described and processed them. Finally, he reduced the processed characters by 2 times, and compared them with the original handwriting, which was exactly the same. Skilled masons carved the enlarged fonts on stone tablets accordingly.
The inscription on the front of the Monument to the People's Heroes inscribed by Mao Zedong
However, because the core stone of the monument is granite, it is hard and brittle, and it collapses in a moment, so the carving work was once interrupted. Wei Changqing suggested covering the tablet with rubber, digging the rubber from the part to be engraved, and then "punching" the granite with high-pressure ore. In this way, the masons finally succeeded in engraving the eight neat and shining Chinese characters "People's heroes are immortal", which made them shine through the ages and remain in people's hearts forever.