The techniques of Chinese painting are as follows:
The techniques of Chinese painting can actually be understood as the method of using the brush in Chinese painting, that is, the techniques of using brushes and inks resulting from the brush, among which Ink techniques include color techniques. The brushwork of traditional Chinese painting is composed of points, lines, and surfaces, and the use of lines is the most important. The method of describing lines in Chinese painting is called "using pen"; the method of using ink is called "using ink".
1. Write.
Chinese painting is the same as calligraphy. Although everyone has different preferences and there is no fixed method of writing, beginners must master the basics. When holding the brush, hold the penholder with your thumb and index finger in a "dragon eye" or "phoenix eye" shape, and hold the penholder with your middle finger following your index finger. After holding the pen, the penholder generally does not extend beyond the first knuckle of the index finger.
The fingers should be strong, the palms should be empty, the wrists should be flat, and the five fingers should work together, and the movements should be natural. Calligraphy is more rigorous in holding the pen, while painting is more flexible in holding the pen. The hand can be straight or lying horizontally, and the pen can be held slightly higher. The pen tip can be rotated to be flexible. The wrist, elbow, shoulder and body cooperate with each other, and the movement can only be effective.
2. Brushwork.
Brushwork is formed by the use of strokes. The strokes include three parts: starting, moving and closing. The starting and closing of the brush are inverted and natural and implicit. When using a pen, the intention comes first, and only then can the pen create images based on the intention. The pen must be strong. The ancients called it "the power penetrates the back of the paper", "the bone method uses the pen" and "the strength can carry the tripod", which emphasizes the skill of using the pen.
There are distinctions between center forward, side forward, reverse forward, trailing forward, and scattered forward. The center use of the brush is the most important, as it is the backbone of Chinese painting brushwork.
(1) Center: Hold the pen straight, so that the center of the pen tip is strong. The tip of the pen is basically in the center of the pen mark, and the pen mark is cylindrical.
(2) Side tip: The tip of the pen is slightly tilted to the left and right, so that the tip and waist of the pen are pressed on one side at the same time. The pen marks change more, sometimes with a smooth side and a zigzag effect, which can express lines at the same time. Face to face.
(3) Go against the front: turn the writing tip backwards. When painting with Shun Feng, the root of the pen is in front and the tip of the pen is trailing; when using the pen with Ni Feng, it is the opposite, with the tip of the pen in front and the root of the pen is trailing, from bottom to top, from right to left against the hair, creating a vigorous and clumsy effect.
(4) Dragging: The pen head lies on the side of the painting, running along the hair, and the pen marks are stretched and smooth, and naturally loosened.
(5) Sanfeng: The brush hairs are spread out and the marks are rich, ethereal, relaxed and elegant, and have a large area. Sanfeng is commonly used for scratching spots.
3. Ink method.
Chinese painting, also known as ink painting, has always used ink in many ways. Water is inseparable from the discussion of ink techniques. The ink method uses the function of water to produce different changes of thick, light, dry, wet, deep and shallow. Since it is ink painting, ink should be used as the body and water as the application.
"Ink is divided into five colors", which talks about the distinction between the degree and severity of ink use, including burnt, thick, heavy, light and light, as well as dry, dry, thirsty, moist and wet. Here the ink method mainly introduces the commonly used breaking ink method, accumulated ink method, burnt ink method and accumulated ink method.
(1) Breaking the ink method. The method of breaking ink can be divided into two forms: thick and light, light and thick. The broken ink method is an expression technique that uses different amounts of water and different ink colors to overlap one after another to produce a new ink color effect. It must be carried out while it is wet to achieve the purpose of mutual destruction. The characteristic of the broken ink method is that the pen marks at the infiltration area appear and disappear and penetrate each other, creating a rich and natural beauty.
(2) Ink accumulation method. This is a method from light to dark, repeatedly staggered, and layered on top of each other. Ink accumulation can be wet or dry. Wet accumulation is easy to show the rhyme of ink, while dry accumulation is easy to see the bones of ink. It is better to be able to accumulate thousands of dyes and still be full of vitality.
(3) Burnt ink method. The brushwork is dry, sluggish, solemn, and highly expressive. The burnt ink moves slowly, so it is old and confused. However, it is not advisable to use burnt ink too much. The charm of burnt ink can only be revealed when compared with wet brush.
(4) Sumo method. It is a degumming ink technique that uses ink taken one or several days apart and dipped in water onto rice paper. The method of permanent ink is often used in modern times. The penetration of permanent ink on rice paper has more meaning of pen and ink than the penetration of new ink, and has an ethereal and simple beauty.