The title of Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin

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Title introduction

Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858), named Yishan, also named Yuxi (Xi) Sheng, also named Fan Nansheng, his ancestral home is Huai He was born in Xingyang, Zhengzhou (now Xingyang City, Zhengzhou, Henan Province) in Hanoi Prefecture (now Qinyang, Jiaozuo, Henan Province). He was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He was collectively known as "Xiao Li Du" with Du Mu and "Wen Li" with Wen Tingyun.

Characteristics of Poetry

Li Shangyin’s poetry is unique in the late Tang Dynasty because he has a sentimental soul and deep love. He used many works to express the sad and sad emotions of the scholars in the late Tang Dynasty, as well as his persistence in love. , created a new style and realm of poetry. His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some of his love poems and untitled poems, which are touching and pathos and are widely read. In addition, Li Shangyin used implicit and hazy expression techniques to the extreme, but some of his poems are too obscure and confusing to be understood. There is a saying that poets always love Xikun and hate that no one writes Zheng Jian.

Li Shangyin’s highest achievement in poetry is modern style poetry, especially the seven-character rhyme poems. He is the second milestone in the development history of Qilu in the Tang Dynasty after Du Fu.

Li Shangyin inherited the rigorous, melancholy and frustrated characteristics of Du Fu's Qilu, and combined it with the rich colors of Qi and Liang poems and the fantasy symbolism of Li He's poems, forming a unique style of deep affection, elegance and precision. For example, "Returning to the Temple of the Holy Maiden" relies on love encounters and integrates symbols of beauty into the scenery to convey the feeling of a difficult and frustrated life experience; "Spring Rain" transfers the beauty of Li He's ancient poetry into rhymed poetry, with gorgeous language, neat contrasts, and beautiful melody. Tactful, the imagery is extremely beautiful. However, because of his tendency to use obscure allusions in his poems, the overall meaning of his poems is often obscure. Secondly, Li Shangyin developed the expression of life laments into more subtle and obscure aspects, and was good at expressing melancholy and lonely emotions in gorgeous and exquisite artistic forms. The poems are full of confusion and desolate experiences. Not floating, distant but not endless?, full of symbolic and suggestive colors, with a hazy beauty. For example, "Jin Se" has always had divergent opinions on its poetic meaning: there are many explanations such as the theory of mourning the death, the theory of sustenance, the theory of love, the theory of listening to the music, the theory of compilation and self-inflicted preface, and the theory of self-inflicted injury on one's life experience. The expression is subtle and profound, with hazy beauty. Thirdly, in a sense, his poetry is a symbol of his soul and an expression of a purely subjective life experience. Li Shangyin's Qijue, such as "Su Luo's Pavilion to Remind Cui Yong and Cui Gun", "Night Rain Sends to the North", "Sunset Tower", etc., express more about the feeling of life experience, with delicate emotions and graceful artistic conception. The poems are full of life experience and time. The sadness of the world has a sad mood and melancholy beauty. In art, it is more delicate, melancholy, profound and beautiful. In the exquisite and rich vocabulary, it expresses one's feelings vaguely and implicitly, becoming the representative of sad aesthetic literature. typical.

Li Shangyin’s poetry has a wide range of teachers. His pathos and sorrowful feelings and the sustenance technique of vanilla beauty originated from Qu Yuan. The far-reaching and profound meaning of his poems and the hard-to-find style have something in common with Ruan Ji. The spirit of concern for the country and the people and the melancholy style of Du Fu's poems, the exquisite workmanship and beauty of Qi and Liang's poems, and the mysterious and beautiful symbolic techniques and style of Li He's poems all influenced Li Shangyin. Some of Li Shangyin's long ancient poems are majestic and strange, and are close to Han Yu's; he also has a few poems that are fresh and fluent, purely written in white, and are derived from the folk songs of the Six Dynasties. Li Shangyin was good at integrating hundreds of families into one, so he was able to become his own family.

Life of the character

Early life

In the eleventh year of Tang Yuanhe (816), when Li Shangyin was about three years old, he went to Zhejiang with Li Si. Less than ten years old, Li Si passed away. Li Shangyin had no choice but to return to his hometown with his mother and lived a life of hardship and poverty. Li Shangyin was the eldest son in his family, so he also shouldered the responsibility of supporting the family. Li Shangyin mentioned in the article that when he was a boy, he worked as a bookseller, copying books for others to make money and supplement his family's income. Li Shangyin was reciting scriptures at the age of five and making pens and inkstones at the age of seven. After returning to his hometown, he received scriptures and essays from an uncle who was proficient in the Five Classics and elementary school. By the age of sixteen, he was famous for being good at ancient prose. In addition, he has beautiful handwriting and good articles.

In the third year of Tang Dynasty (829), he moved to Luoyang and met Bai Juyi, Linghu Chu and other seniors. Linghu Chu admired Li Shangyin's literary talents and valued him very much. He asked Li Shangyin to make friends with his son Linghu Gu and others, and personally taught him the art of modern style (parallel figures) Zhang Zuo. . Later, he was hired as an inspector and went with him to Yunzhou, Taiyuan and other places. In the past few years, Li Shangyin actively took the exam and studied literature hard. Although he failed repeatedly in the imperial examination, his writing completed the transition from prose to parallel. He rarely wrote prose again.

In the seventh year of Dahe in the Tang Dynasty (833), Linghu Chu was transferred to the capital, and Li Shangyin left Taiyuan to return to his hometown. After that, Li Shangyin studied Taoism in Wangwushan for two or three years, which had a profound impact on his thoughts and creations. Certain impact. In the second year of Kaicheng (837), after long-term hard study and thanks to Linghu Xuan's reputation, Li Shangyin won the Jinshi.

Sunset Evening Scene

In the fifth year of Dazhong (851), Li Shangyin’s wife Wang died of illness in the spring and summer. Judging from Li Shangyin's poems, he and Wang had a very good relationship. This woman, who comes from a wealthy family, has devoted herself to taking care of her family and supporting her husband for many years. Because Li Shangyin traveled abroad for many years, and the couple spent a long time together and apart, Li Shangyin felt apologetic toward his wife; and the ups and downs in Li Shangyin's official career undoubtedly enhanced this apologetic feeling.

In the autumn of the fifth year of Dazhong (851), Liu Zhongying, who was appointed as the governor of Xichuan, sent an invitation to Li Shangyin, hoping that he could follow him to serve in Sichuan on the southwest border. Li Shangyin accepted the position of joining the army. After simply arranging his family affairs, Li Shangyin went to Sichuan to take up his post in November. During the four years he lived in the Zizhou shogunate in Sichuan, Li Shangyin was depressed most of the time. He once became very interested in Buddhism, interacted with local monks, donated money to publish Buddhist scriptures, and even thought about becoming a monk. Zi Mu's life was the dullest and most stable period in Li Shangyin's official career. Li Shangyin no longer had the motivation and power to pursue "success" in his official career.

In the ninth year of Dazhong (855), Liu Zhongying was transferred back to the capital to serve. Out of care, he arranged a position as a salt and iron promotion official for Li Shangyin. Although the rank was low, the salary was relatively generous. Li Shangyin worked in this position for two to three years, and after resigning, he returned to his hometown to live leisurely. Because he was caught between the Niu and Li factions, Li Shangyin was very frustrated and depressed throughout his life. In the last years of Tang Xuanzong's reign (about 858), Li Shangyin died of illness in Zhengzhou.