To say that China had the greatest influence on China people in ancient times, it must be the number one scholar complex of China people. China's imperial examination system was implemented in the third year of the Great cause of Sui Dynasty (607) until the last Jinshi examination was held in the thirty-first year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1905), which lasted more than 1300 years. This is the only historical heritage.
Ten years of ignorance, once fame, the world knows. If a top scholar is born in a place, it is not only the glory of his family, but also the glory of the whole place. No matter rich children or poor children, they all hope to study hard at the cold window and change their fate in life. If they learn well, they will become officials. This concept is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Therefore, the four major events in life, when nominated for the gold medal list, the wedding night, the long drought and the dew, and the encounter with an old friend in another country naturally ranked first.
It can be seen that it is really too difficult for a scholar to win the top prize. There are countless scholars all over the country. After having obtained the provincial examination, they finally won the championship in palace examination. After layers of screening, it is really rare to compete for the last place. The fierce competition can be imagined.
Su Xun, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, once had the feeling that "nothing is easy, and an old man is like a sky". Especially in the Qing dynasty, many people were still a "teenager" with white hair and full head.
According to historical records, although the rules of the imperial examination were different from dynasty to dynasty, they were all the same. For example, there are three exams for Jinshi, all of which adopt the last elimination system. The first level is called sticking the scriptures, and now it is called filling in the blanks; The second level is called poetry and fu, which means writing a poem and fu together, depending on your writing skills, artistic level and writing ability. This level is the most important.
The last level is strategy. The real-time situation leads to a topic, and candidates can freely express their opinions and see their views on governing the country, managing politics and leveling the world, that is, comprehensive quality. If you can't even hit half of these three levels, you can't expect to win the championship.
Therefore, those who can be admitted to the top scholar are naturally not ordinary people. They are not only brilliant, but also diligent and studious. Throughout the past dynasties, there are not many real ordinary people's homes, and most of them come from famous families. They have been in a comfortable family environment since childhood, including both important ministers and celebrities' homes. Many of them are father and son champions, sun champions, prime ministers and ministers' husbands. The glory and prominent position of their fathers laid a solid foundation for them to climb the peak of scientific research.
Most of the winners are contemporary talents. They have a good cultural atmosphere and are praised as peerless wizards by everyone. For example, Yang Shen, the top scholar in the Ming Dynasty, was a young policeman who could write poems at the age of eleven. At the age of twelve, I planned to write Ancient Battlefield Literature and On Qin. At the age of thirteen, his poems were well-known in Beijing and were accepted as senior poets by Li Dongyang, the leader of the poetry circle. At the age of 19, he won the championship, and at the age of 24, he won the championship.
According to historical records, in the China 1300 imperial examination, there were 673 well-known and well-documented champions, and of course there were more than 700, probably the military champions of some dynasties or some other top scholars combined, but no matter more than 600 or 700, they really became experts in a certain field.
1. A famous political and military expert. In the early years of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, Guo Ziyi was the first person in martial arts.
He was the only person in Wu who rose from the top scholar to the prime minister, and made outstanding contributions to his post. He also served as prime minister twice in Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong dynasties. At the same time, he is also a strategist among the top martial artists of all ages.
Second, poetry and painting artists. In the 19th year of Tang Kaiyuan (73 1), Wang Wei was the champion of Xinweike.
His poetic art is known as "from Li (Bai) to Du (Fu)" and is one of the outstanding representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His artistic attainments in painting are quite high, and ancient literati painting also started from him, and he is known as the "ancestor of southern painting" by the world.
Third, calligraphy is your own. He is Liu Gongquan, the No.1 scholar in the Fifth Subdivision of Tang Yuanhe in the third year (808).
He is good at regular script and cursive script, and is also called "Yan Liu" with Yan Zhenqing, another great calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. He absorbed the strengths of Yan Zhenqing and new ideas, and created his own unique "Liu Ti", which is famous for its infinite strength, and later generations have the reputation of "Yan Gu".
Fourth, a generation of famous historians. In the Five Dynasties, in the second year of the Han Dynasty (949), wang pu, the top scholar in the subject, was chosen.
On the basis of Su Mian's founding conference in Tang Dynasty, he compiled hundreds of volumes of Tang Yaohui according to the conference compiled by Su Mian in Tang Dynasty and Yang Shaofu's sequel. Later, according to the History of the Five Dynasties, it was written into thirty volumes of the Five Dynasties Meeting. Not only the historical materials are rich and accurate, but also the style and method of text classification and compilation are formally established, which is imitated by future generations. This contribution is called "great achievement" by the summary of Siku.
5. Become a famous thinker. In the fourth year of Shao Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 193), Chen Liang was the best among the boudoir.
He advocated paying attention to career utility and supplementing the national economy and people's livelihood. He put forward the proposition that "those who benefit the universe don't care about things, and those who use them for daily use don't care about things", and had many debates with Zhu He on the relationship between justice and benefit. His theory is unique and he is the founder of Yongkang School. At the same time, he is a famous writer.
Sixth, become a master of words. Zhang Xiaoxiang was the top scholar of JOE family in the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 154).
His ci follows Su Shi, full of spirit and deep patriotic color, and is called a double-edged sword in the early Southern Song Dynasty with Zhang.
Seven, a national hero with integrity. Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar in Bao's four years in Southern Song Dynasty (1256).
Wen Tianxiang was admitted to Jinshi at the age of twenty and got the correct answer in Ying Ji Hall. At that time, Song Lizong had been in office for a long time, and he gradually became lazy in managing political affairs. Wen Tianxiang discusses policies with the theme of "Law and Heaven", with more than 10,000 words. He finished it without writing a draft. Song Lizong personally selected him as the first place.
Examiner Wang Yinglin said: "This paper is based on ancient things, and loyalty is like a stone. I think it is gratifying to get such a person. With his lofty patriotism and national integrity, he is known as the "top scholar among the top scholars".
Eight, Yang Shen, a great poet in Ming Dynasty.
He is the first of the three gifted scholars in Ming Dynasty. Six-year champion, edited by Guan Hanlin Academy, and recorded by Yu Xiuwu. Wu walked out of Juyongguan, unwilling to remonstrate. Sejong succeeded to the throne and served as an official at the banquet. In the third year of Jiajing, he was killed in Yongchangwei, Yunnan because of the "big gift". Finally, I remembered the rich knowledge of Ming dynasty. I can write prose, ci and Sanqu. Ancient textual research works cover a wide range. There are more than 100 works.
Nine, a famous diplomat. In the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1868), Hong Jun was the champion of Chen Wu.
A man of great ability and knowledge. By Jinshi, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet and was appointed minister. Deal with everything, compromise and give it to the assistant minister of the Ministry of War. When I went back to Beijing once, I was ordered to walk in the government of the Prime Minister's country, and I was able to do my duty wholeheartedly. He is the only diplomatic envoy who has been to eastern European countries.
10. A famous educator and industrialist. In the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1894), Zhang Jian was the top scholar in Wu Jia.
He was engaged in industrial activities in and the following year (1895), and successively set up dozens of enterprises and a large number of social undertakings, which influenced the whole country and was known as "a great educator and industrialist in China".
There are so many champions, only ten people really leave history, one in every hundred people, which is just an ordinary talent probability.
Therefore, it can only be said that the imperial examination is an important way for feudal rulers to choose officials for the country. Just like when Emperor Taizong saw the new Jinshi filed out of the examination room, he said happily, "All heroes in the world are trapped by me!" It constitutes the backbone of the bureaucratic ruling group from the central government to the local government.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, eight great poets, including Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, all won this honor. Most of them are ancient books leaning on the back of the chair, and only robots with their brains completely removed can become domestic slaves of the dynasty.
As for being named after Wen, in addition, as the number one scholar, poetry and prose are pervasive, and there are often handed down poems and books, and some even have works.
But few people have made great achievements in literature and art, and few people have stepped into the ranks of everyone. The very important reason is that since high school, most people have devoted themselves to official career, have no intention of writing, are keen on official position, pay attention to wealth and wealth, and care about fame and fortune. I have no intention of persistently exploring literature and art. Therefore, the top scholar simply does not have the independent thoughts and passions that literary artists and scientists have. Therefore, the so-called champion who only pays attention to the exam and stares at the officialdom is destined to become everyone, thus going down in history.