As the saying goes, clothes make the man, and horses make the saddle.
Aren't calligraphy and painting the same? Three points for painting and calligraphy, seven points for mounting.
Painting and calligraphy, well painted, also need a good mounter to mount, in order to become a perfect painting and calligraphy.
Calligraphy and calligraphy
Calligraphy and calligraphy are two different concepts.
Calligraphy refers to the method of writing with brush, which mainly focuses on the methods of holding the pen, using the pen, stippling, structure, distribution (line times, composition) and so on.
If you write, you must point to the palm of your hand and your finger is Qi Li. Please use a pen to ask the center to distribute; Stippling should be complete and thoughtful; The structure should be horizontal and vertical, and the meaning should echo; The distribution should be intricate, the density should be straight, and the whole chapter should be full of gas fields.
Mainly talk about the writing methods of Chinese characters, such as Li's Introduction to Calligraphy.
Furthermore, it is the writing method of making articles and poems of Chinese characters into works of art.
Calligraphy refers to works with certain artistic achievements in calligraphy, which are symmetrical with famous paintings.
There are five kinds of common calligraphy works: regular script, running script, cursive script, official script and seal script.
As long as these five forms have high artistic value and can be copied, they can all be called "calligraphy books"
Although calligraphy and calligraphy are reversed, they have different meanings. One belongs to theory and the other belongs to practice, and they complement each other.
Chinese painting (Xuanhua): It has its own system in the world art field, with a long history and fine tradition.
Refers to things painted on silk, cloth, silk, paper, silk and so on with pen, ink and color.
It was not painted by ordinary people, but by famous painters in history.
Although some paintings are not painted by famous artists, they are old and have cultural relics, so they should be preserved and sorted out.
artistry
As an art form, calligraphy is not only a tool for taking notes, but also has rich image characteristics. Like painting and calligraphy, they are all expressed by lines, and there is a saying that painting and calligraphy are homologous.
Calligraphers create works of various styles by giving full play to the performance and writing skills of writing tools such as brushes, giving people artistic enjoyment and achieving good artistic effects.
Today's calligraphy art has evolved from the ancient calligraphy art, and many calligraphers have inherited the excellent tradition of ancient calligraphy and made innovations.
If you want to appreciate the art of calligraphy, you must know something about the style of calligraphy and its origin.
Different from other art forms, calligraphy art is closely related to people's lives. Children should learn to write from the first day of school. Beautiful writing not only facilitates study and life, but also reflects a person's moral cultivation and quality. Therefore, the predecessors had the saying that "words are like people".
Calligraphy originates from writing practice and is higher than general practical writing.
Exquisite and rich in cultural connotation.
It is a typical expression of China culture and even oriental culture.
After absorbing the tradition of China's calligraphy art, the Japanese devoted persistent energy to the research and study of calligraphy.
In order to improve the world's attention to calligraphy, the Japanese called calligraphy "the way of calligraphy", printed and published the famous inscriptions of ancient China and Japanese calligraphers, and published many large-scale calligraphy collections "The Complete Works of Calligraphy" as early as the beginning of this century, from which many contemporary calligraphers in China still benefit.
In recent years, all kinds of Copybook for calligraphy, large-scale calligraphy posts, calligraphy reference books, quick copybooks and various calligraphy dictionaries have emerged one after another, providing a lot of convenience for calligraphy lovers.
calligraphy
Calligraphy has been valued since China had written characters.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a school of princes and nobles appeared, which focused on art education. Calligraphy and painting have become the main learning content, which has played an important role in promoting the improvement of calligraphy art.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, choose subjects, talents and talents. The contents of the exam are mainly four items: body (body), character (language expression), calligraphy (judgment) and reasoning.
Moreover, most emperors in the Tang Dynasty attached importance to calligraphy, which not only promoted the artistic creation of calligraphy, but also created a good environment for the cultivation and promotion of calligraphy talents.
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, calligraphers came forth in large numbers with many inscriptions. Ordinary people also have the conditions to learn ancient calligraphy. To study and be an official, you must first practice good handwriting.
Gradually, "pavilion style" became popular and calligraphy became very popular.
But in this period, the practicality of calligraphy exceeded the artistry to a certain extent.
Painter's style
China's painting art is one of the earliest art forms in the traditional art of China.
Judging from the information we can see now, as early as the Neolithic Age, there were very expressive paintings.
For example, on the painted pottery unearthed in banpo village, Xi 'an, there are fish chasing each other and deer running and jumping, which is not only vivid, but also has a certain artistic conception.
This shows that our ancestors of the Chinese nation had a high aesthetic taste and superb artistic creativity as early as the primitive society.
Maintenance and collection
Pay attention to your health
Calligraphy and painting, whether it is vertical axis, screen, couplet, hand scroll, picture album, fan and hat, basically belong to paper and silk, because they all contain fiber, so they are highly hygroscopic.
The paste for calligraphy and painting contains protein and sugar, which is the food of moths.
If a calligraphy and painting is not carefully kept, it is easy to be eroded and damaged.
All collected calligraphy and paintings should be placed in closed boxes, cabinets and cabinets, so that calligraphy and paintings have a stable and limited space to avoid direct erosion and pollution.
But this does not mean that everything will be fine once it is put in, because it will still be eroded, and being eaten by insects is a common destruction phenomenon.
Every May or so, with the temperature rising, moths also multiply in large numbers.
In order to prevent it, mothballs or camphor blocks produced in Shanghai can be used to repel insects.
When in use, camphor can be placed around the calligraphy and painting.
It is best to divide this medicine twice a year, the first time in March-April, and the second time in 10- 1 1, so that the pest control effect is better.
Calligraphy and painting placed in boxes, cabinets and cupboards, in addition to drugs, should be turned frequently to remove impurities in time.
Every six months or so, you should start reading calligraphy and painting, especially after the rainy season. It is best to take out the calligraphy and painting in batches and hang it for a few days, which can effectively prevent the calligraphy and painting from becoming moldy.
Mold is easy to breed in damp, warm and dark conditions, so the temperature of calligraphy and painting storage space should be kept at 14℃ to 20℃ and the relative humidity should be kept at 50% to 60%.
If the indoor relative humidity is high, it is easy to cause paper to be damp and mildew; But if it is too dry, it will easily lead to warping and embrittlement of calligraphy and painting.
When the weather is dry, the average family can often mop the floor with a wet mop or put a basin of water in the room.
When the weather is wet, especially in the rainy season, try to open the window as little as possible, so as to control the indoor humidity accordingly.
When the characters are hung outside for a long time, they will be irradiated by ultraviolet rays of the sun, which will make the calligraphy and painting fade, the handwriting will be blurred, and the fibers will age and become brittle.
Therefore, generally speaking, precious calligraphy and painting should not be hung in the hall for a long time, let alone in the direct solar energy.
It should be hung for a while before storage.
If the number of calligraphy and painting is large, it can be hung in turn.
This can not only show the different styles of calligraphy and painting collection, but also delay the aging and discoloration process.
Dust is also one of the great enemies of calligraphy and painting.
Calligraphy and painting hanging on the wall, or calligraphy and painting stored in boxes and cabinets, are also affected by dust. Fine dust will stick to the surface of calligraphy and painting, and when it meets a certain humidity, it will become unclean small particles, and the water of small particles will leave yellow spots on the picture after evaporation.
In addition, we should also pay attention to the protection of calligraphy and painting. When appreciating and watching, don't touch the picture with your fingers, and avoid spitting pollution.
Don't break the picture when unfolding and winding, leaving creases.
When collecting, taking and hanging calligraphy and painting, you must be extra careful and go into battle lightly.
Maintenance skill
Newspapers are the best for moisture and insects.
The newspaper itself has the function of moisture absorption, and its ink can kill two birds with one stone.
An expert once talked about a past event: "In those days, we co-organized the Ming and Qing painting and calligraphy exhibition with the Shanghai Museum. After the exhibition, the paintings and calligraphy in Shanghai Museum were eaten by insects. At that time, people joked that insects bullied foreign paintings and calligraphy.
Later, it was discovered that none of the paintings and calligraphy wrapped in newspapers were moth-eaten, and all those without newspapers were moth-eaten. "
However, in the process of wrapping paintings and calligraphy with newspapers, there are some details worthy of attention.
Conditional collectors can spread out paintings and calligraphy in the cupboard, and each painting is covered with a piece of rice paper first, then a newspaper and piled up in turn.
Unconditional collectors can scroll paintings and calligraphy. When rolled up, they are afraid that the lead powder in the newspaper will change color and pollute the picture. They can wrap a layer of paintings in rice paper first, and then wrap newspapers.
Or find a wooden stick as the axis. It's best to treat the stick like it's not easy to get insects, so it won't wrinkle when rolled up.
For famous works, it is particularly important that the collection cannot be creased.
If the picture is creased and black marks are formed after a long time, it will be impossible to restore the smoothness and perfection of the picture. In serious cases, it may need bleaching, which will greatly reduce the collection value of the collection.
Keep paintings and calligraphy in the museum, pay attention to using white gloves and masks to avoid leaving traces on paintings and calligraphy, which can also be used as a reference for ordinary family collectors.
You can wear a mask, but it is best not to talk, so as not to spit and stain the work.
Moisture-proof air conditioners can also be used.
On a warm, humid and foggy rainy day, a museum expert visited several exhibition halls as usual and found some works that had been on display for a while, with both sides of the surface curled inward and some surfaces wrinkled.
Looking at the hygrometer, it turns out that the humidity has reached 60% of the critical point of painting and calligraphy maintenance, indicating that the works are affected by humidity.
According to reports, the most effective way to keep the painting and calligraphy in the exhibition hall at constant temperature and humidity is to turn on the air conditioner. The temperature should not be higher than 22℃ or lower than 18℃, and 20℃ is the most suitable.
The most moderate humidity is 55%, the highest is not more than 60%, and the lowest is not less than 50%.
For ordinary collectors, the condition of constant temperature and humidity is unlikely, but it can be adjusted by air conditioning. When hanging pictures indoors, you should pay attention to closing the doors and windows, and turn on the air conditioner for dehumidification once or twice a day, each time for about two hours.
There is a knack for sealing calligraphy and painting in camphor wood boxes.
Many collectors will use boxes to seal paintings and calligraphy works, which is a common method of painting and calligraphy collection.
Generally, art galleries and museums have conditions of constant temperature and humidity, and they are generally kept in iron cabinets. General families suggest using wooden boxes, such as wardrobes and cupboards, and camphor wood boxes can be used for more expensive paintings and calligraphy.
If there is no camphor wood box, collectors can also use ordinary wooden cabinets with camphor balls inside to prevent insects.
The trick is to wrap the mothballs in a bag, and then puncture the holes with a needle to give off the smell of camphor.
Put the box of calligraphy and painting as high as possible, and some newspapers can be spread on the top of the cabinet.
[7]
collect
The art market occupies an important position in today's economic market.
With the development of China's economy and the increasing strength of domestic art collections, the status and value of China's paintings and calligraphy will be immeasurable. People who are interested in calligraphy and painting will not only collect and appreciate it, but also use it as an investment way to preserve and increase value.
There are similarities and differences between calligraphy and painting collection and many investments.
The key is to master the five basic skills of collecting calligraphy and painting.
First, don't invest beyond your ability, but do what you can.
Especially in the initial stage, it is advisable to be cautious.
The number of paintings and calligraphy sold in the auction market ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands and millions. Beginners should pay attention to the works of medium-sized famous artists, which are often low in price but good in quality.
Second, don't buy controversial works.
Because there are many fakes in the calligraphy and painting market, if you are not careful, you will not only lose money, but also dampen your personal spirit and your courage.
Don't be careless If you are not sure about the technology at the time of purchase, you can ask an expert to identify it.
Third, don't attack from all sides, collect widely.
We should choose a genre, a certain period, a certain theme, a certain school of painting, or even a painter's works, concentrate on understanding the market of a certain type or a painter's works, master its artistic characteristics, and grasp it, so as to win the competition.
If you want to study extensively, you must have profound qualifications and strong economic strength to achieve your goals.
Fourth, pay attention to collect all kinds of relevant information for systematic understanding and research, such as calligraphy and painting newspapers, art investment articles and books, auction catalogue, auction price list, etc. Only by collecting and analyzing information extensively can the return on investment be guaranteed.
Fifth, seize the opportunity to sell.
Selling art is a follow-up effort of art investment.
Only sales can make a profit.
When transferring, we should consider market conditions, market trends and our own capital turnover.
With the gradual advancement of the cultural market, the painting and calligraphy market in today's cultural market is extremely hot, and more and more people are engaged in painting and calligraphy collection. Because calligraphy and painting are based on Xuan paper, silk, silk, silk and so on. Being afraid of humidity and avoiding dryness, it is easy to be eroded and damaged after a long time, which is more exquisite than other cultural relics. Therefore, how to do a good job in calligraphy and painting collection is a realistic problem that collectors can't avoid.
1. should be displayed correctly.
The collection and display functions of calligraphy and painting works coexist. If they are hidden but not displayed, their artistic appreciation value will be buried.
Our country has the habit of hanging paintings in spring and autumn since ancient times, because these two seasons are more suitable for the ventilation and drying of calligraphy and painting. During the exhibition, the audience can not only appreciate and taste the artistry of the works, but also discover the imperceptible changes of paintings and calligraphy during storage, such as damp and moth-eaten.
Pay attention to the humidity of the air when hanging. If it rains continuously and the air humidity is particularly high, calligraphy and painting are prone to mildew.
Wet air will change the physical structure of paper silk, and heavy painting axis will also have an impact on the picture. At this time, it is best to put away the calligraphy and painting.
If the calligraphy and painting have been damp, the slightly damp works can be placed on a flat plate covered with felt, and the indoor temperature is adjusted to 22 ~ 25℃ to dry slowly; For works that are seriously damp or wet by rain, we should consider re-mounting, and at the same time clean up the spots left on the works and restore the original appearance of the works.
First of all, pay attention to whether the hanging nail is firm.
The method of hanging pictures is very particular. You should hold the painting right in your right hand, hook the center of the painting and calligraphy tapestry, and hold the middle part of the painting in your left hand, with the big finger and the little finger inside and the middle finger outside. With the elevation of painting rights, the fingers of the left hand should be relaxed accordingly, and the painting should be slowly unfolded, and then leave the hand after hanging.
The posture of the left and right hands when picking a picture is the same as when hanging a picture.
After taking it off, put it flat on the case, and pay attention to it neatly and tightly when rolling the picture.
If there are two people, one is holding the calligraphy and painting pole, and the other is holding the shaft heads on both sides and slowly rolling them up.
If the picture is too wide for both hands to hold, you can hold the middle part of the picture with one and a half hands and roll the picture with the other hand.
The person holding the pole should pay attention to holding the painting high, and the painter should hold it low to prevent the painting core from being broken.
Calligraphy and painting should keep a certain distance from heating and chimneys; When the temperature drops in summer, calligraphy and painting should keep a long distance from the air-conditioned indoor unit.
Sunlight has the greatest influence on painting and calligraphy, because ultraviolet rays will transform and decompose the pigments in the picture, leading to paper aging, so you can't hang it by the window, and try to avoid direct sunlight on the picture.
Although the 400 ~ 700 nm (nanometer) visible light emitted by incandescent lamp or fluorescent lamp has little effect, long-term close-range irradiation will also make calligraphy and painting paper age and yellow. Therefore, low-power light source should be used for lighting, and the distance between calligraphy and painting and light source should be kept above 1 meter.
2. Dust should be removed in time.
Environmental pollution is very harmful to calligraphy and painting, especially in cities. Automobile exhaust and industrial pollution make the acid-base content in the air high, and harmful gases and fine dust are suspended in the air. If they are deposited on the picture for a long time, it will corrode the picture.
Generally speaking, it is better to dust once a month, and the cycle can be appropriately extended or shortened according to seasonal changes.
The dust removal method can use the natural wind shield of the blower and make the air outlet form a 30-degree angle with the picture.
Angle, keep the distance of 10 ~ 15 cm, and clean from right to left; Or turn the vacuum cleaner to a low wind position and clean it with a soft brush. In the process of cleaning, use a vacuum cleaner to suck the dust away (when using this method, pay special attention to the distance between the suction nozzle and the picture and the size of the suction force to avoid accidental injury to the work). You can also gently clean up the picture with a feather duster.
Never use a rag to wipe the picture, because in the process of wiping, fine dust will enter the paper texture, causing greater damage.
3. How to roll it up
When calligraphy and painting works are in a state of hanging for a long time, the paper will bear the drooping tension and tension, which will weaken the strength of the paper. Therefore, after a period of exhibition, it is necessary to arrange a "rest adjustment".
Rolling is to keep the painting and calligraphy in a static state and restore its original tension and tension.
Before winding, carefully observe whether the surface has changed. If there is pollution, mildew, moth spots, etc. , should be sent to institutions or departments with professional and technical capabilities for scientific protection, to avoid damage gradually expanding.
When winding calligraphy and painting, you should loosen it first and then tighten it, then roll it up easily, and then roll it up slowly.
It must be properly tied with painting tape, too loose will make the picture scroll loose and easy to fold; Too tight will leave traces of binding in the middle of the picture scroll, which will affect the overall beauty of the picture.
Generally speaking, the hanging time of paintings and calligraphy works should not be too long, and it can be hung twice a year, each time 1 ~ 2 months.
4. Scientific entry into Tibet
Because I spend most of the year collecting paintings and calligraphy, I have strict requirements on the storage environment.
The first is insect prevention, moisture prevention and fire prevention. The second is to control and adjust the temperature and humidity of the storage environment to avoid high temperature, high humidity and heavy pressure.
Catfish (also known as clothing fish and paper fish) are wingless insects, which generally eat the surface of calligraphy and painting, especially harmful to paste.
The larvae of tobacco do great harm to painting and calligraphy. They like to make holes in paintings and calligraphy, and then hide themselves in the holes.
Generally speaking, insect repellents in calligraphy and painting are used to prevent insects, such as sanitary balls, mothballs and p-dichlorobenzene, which are all white solids and easy to volatilize. Among them, benzene dichloride has the strongest insecticidal ability, but people are mostly influenced by habits, and the most commonly used sanitary balls are still commercialized.
For the storage environment, it is required that the calligraphy and painting cabinet should be sealed well, so that the storage environment is relatively stable.
Commonly used wooden cases are generally made of camphor wood, because camphor wood itself has moth-proof function and good sealing.
Now, whenever possible, containers with better sealing performance such as safes are used for collection, but no matter what kind of cabinets are used, paintings and calligraphy should be put in the air, that is, they should be emptied with things like wooden strips, and a certain space should be left below to put desiccant and insect repellent.
For the sake of safety, these reagents should be wrapped in cloth or paper with good air permeability, and should not be in direct contact with calligraphy and painting works.
If you want to move or transport paintings and calligraphy, you must never move or transport cabinets directly. But to open the cupboard, take out the medicine, and fix the paintings and calligraphy, so as to avoid the paintings and calligraphy colliding with each other in the box and causing unnecessary losses.
After the cabinet is fixed, paintings and calligraphy works and various medicines should be rearranged and sealed for protection.
A large number of experiments have proved that the most suitable storage temperature of calligraphy and painting is 14 ~ 18℃, and the most suitable relative humidity is 50% ~ 60%, which is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and molds.
Humidity is mainly controlled by desiccant color-changing silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride, and indoor temperature can be controlled by air conditioning.
Misunderstanding of collection
In recent years, with the rise of collection fever, more and more friends have stepped into the painting and calligraphy collection team. In order to avoid detours, it is suggested to pay attention to the following misunderstandings at the beginning of the collection:
The blind worship of "the painter".
Friends who have just started collecting paintings and calligraphy generally can't tell the level of painters and their works, and only listen to the title of painters and painters, but don't master the inner strength.
Buy more by "ears" and choose less by "eyesight"
As we all know, the works of famous artists are also divided into high and low levels, and the potential of maintaining and increasing the value of their works is not at the same level.
The bigger the work, the better.
Because calligraphy and painting works are priced by the square, it leads to one-sided pursuit of space.
In fact, the value of calligraphy and painting works is first embodied in the word "truth".
"Truth" is an original, not a fake.
Secondly, it depends on whether it is a "boutique", that is, meticulous works, representative works and innovative works.
Of course, other things being basically the same, the larger the space, the fewer the works, and the higher its value.
Not willing to spend money, only willing to rub.
Apart from the gift of long-term friendship, it is unrealistic to get the fruits of others' labor without spending money now.
The correct way is for the client to spend money to buy fine works, so that the works obtained will be real collections.
Want to collect but suffer from lack of funds.
Many new friends will ask or encounter this question.
It seems that I also know that collecting famous works is less risky and faster, but I hesitated, either because I don't have money or because I don't have enough money.
In fact, this is not a question of money, but a question of eyesight and judgment.
If you can accurately judge the price of that work in three, five, ten or even twenty years, compared with today, you will no longer think that money is a problem.
From collecting general works to famous works.
You can't collect more paintings and calligraphy, and you can't buy whatever you want.
Low-grade works have a slow appreciation, and the growth rate is not large every time, while masterpieces have a fast growth rate and a large growth rate.
If you can collect according to your own interests, financial resources, knowledge and preferences, especially friends who list the collection as investment, it would be better if you can directly start collecting higher-level famous works under the guidance of experts.
"Take, take; Take it and take it. " It must be clear that the prices of works by famous artists and non-famous artists, small famous artists and great famous artists will increase with the passage of time.