I first saw Huang Daozhou's handwriting in the boutique exhibition hall of Xiamen Museum last year. It is strong and powerful, with solemn square folds and inviolable posture. After reading Huang Daozhou's deeds, I knew that there was Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall, so I planned to visit it in my heart. Dongshan people in Zhangpu, the most creative calligrapher in the late Ming Dynasty, an orphan of Daming who died in the country, a great scholar who was proficient in poetry and calligraphy etiquette, and his honest and frank character was impressive. He bluntly remonstrated, preferring to die rather than surrender, and dying for this Ming Dynasty, which was not friendly to him at all, was it the pedantry or the integrity of the literati? This contradiction is particularly prominent in Huang Daozhou. It is because of his cultural education that his extensive knowledge and elegant calligraphy have been achieved, and it is also because he sincerely believes in Confucius and Mencius. He struggled in officialdom and lived in poverty, but he fought to the death in front of the courtship of the Qing court. He was born in the last generation, the imperial court was decadent, and eunuchs were in power, but he insisted on remonstrating aloud, so that he was repeatedly relegated, rejected by the imperial court, and even died. He suffered a lot in prison and almost lost his life. He was an official in North Korea for less than three years and was poor all his life. In the last days, the family property was sold and the whole town was organized to fight against the Qing Dynasty. He is willing to tear down the building himself. How does this 10,000-person "shoulder-to-shoulder army" confront the well-trained and unstoppable Qing soldiers? All the rivers and mountains of Daming can't resist the powerful fighting power of these founding generals, Huang Taiji Dourgen Dourgen. This rebel without weapons and funds is undoubtedly the arm of a gladiator, a moth to a fire. How can he be countless in his own heart? Just doomed not to surrender. It's better to fight for it than to wait and die. On the execution ground, he bit his finger and left a bloody book for his family: "The ruler lives forever, and the righteous lives forever; Heaven and earth know me, and my family has no worries. " Before his execution, he shouted, "Is there anyone in Huang Daozhou who is not afraid of death?" Finally, the head was broken, "don't be a servant." After his death, people found the seven characters "Huang Daozhou, an orphan of Daming" in his clothes. Even after three years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, I want to be a ghost of the Ming Dynasty.
When the car drove into Zhangpu city, the trail of "Daozhou" could be seen everywhere. From Daozhou Square, Daozhou North Road, Daozhou Park, Daozhou Middle School, Shizhai Village, Daozhou Pharmacy, Daozhou Meatballs, Daozhou Satay Noodles and Daozhou Food Stalls, people can't help laughing. People in the same trade lamented that Zhou Wenhua is deeply rooted here, but the local friends who received us in Zhangpu really had no idea of its origin. Reminds me of many place names in Xiamen, but the locals don't know their origins.
Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall in Zhangpu City is next to Daozhou Middle School, which is small in scale. This is the website of Ming Chengtang, a lecture hall in ecliptic island, which contains the Arabian Nights to study astronomy in Yi Li. Huang Daozhou is a master of Yi-ology. He spent two years observing the night sky. His existing Yi Zhengxiang, Yi San Dongji and other 13 Yi-ology works are important reference books for studying the Book of Changes. He is proficient in astronomy, calendar, mathematics, poetry, books and painting. His existing works include five kinds of The Book of Songs, four kinds of Shangshu, nine kinds of Book of Rites and one kind of Zhou Li. In the Collected Works of Huang Zhang Pu published in 2006, the type No.5 was printed with nearly 65,438+0,000 words. This is still the case in the world, which shows the abundance of writings in that year. His good friend Xu Xiake commented that "calligraphy and painting are the first in the pavilion, articles are the first in the country, character is the first in the country, and knowledge is the first in ancient and modern times." Cai Shiyuan, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, summed up his life in this way: his rigorous spirit and profound knowledge are comparable to those of Shao Yong, his loyalty to serving the country is comparable to that of Li Gang, and his generosity in going to difficulties is comparable to that of Wen Tianxiang. Shi Mingzan: "If you learn well, you will be an official, and scholars will gather." Facing Huang Daozhou, this conceited "perfect old man" also expressed the feeling of "one generation is perfect".
Huang Daozhou gave lectures many times in his life. He has given lectures in Zhejiang Dida Academy, Zhangpu Mingchengtang, Zhangzhou Ziyang Academy, Yeshan Academy and other places, and trained a large number of knowledgeable talents. Everyone knows Mr. Shi Zhai.
Huang Daozhou is regarded as one of the most creative calligraphers in Ming Dynasty. His calligraphy is good at regular script, running script and cursive script. His running script and cursive script are vigorous and powerful, and his style is vigorous and unrestrained. His regular script mainly studies Zhong You, which is more delicate and elegant than Gu Zhuo in Zhong You. Huang Daozhou is good at regular script, running script, cursive script and other styles, and also works as an official script. His regular script, such as Xiao Jing Juan, is square and flat in font, vigorous in brushwork and simple in style, which is similar to Zhong You's regular script in Gu Zhuo. The difference is that Zhongshu is vigorous and powerful in Gu Zhuo, while Huangshu is clear and vigorous, which is obviously influenced by Wang Xizhi's Kaifa. His cursive script "Poem of Mountain Residence" has a turning point in brushwork and vigorous words. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Daozhou, Ni and Wang Duo were also called the three great trees in calligraphy, and once kept pace with Ni. "People compete for treasure, and the world calls it yellow mud". (A Record of Calligraphy and Painting) Mr. Modern thought that "it was not until the late Ming Dynasty that Dong Qichang, Huang Daozhou, Ni, Wang Duo were able to get rid of the barriers and take on a new look", and Huang Daozhou was an important calligrapher in the calligraphy field in the late Ming Dynasty.
A few hundred meters away from Zhangpu Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall, there is Huang Daozhou's tomb in Huang Daozhou Park. There were few tourists at the memorial service. Some people went to study the inscriptions carefully after three visits, and some of them were illegible.
Leaving Zhangpu City, we drove to Dongshan County. Huang Daozhou's hometown is Dongshan, formerly known as Tongshan College, which is now Tongling District. Huang Daozhou's former residence and Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall are located in Dongshan's famous Wind Rock Scenic Area. There is a statue of Daozhou in Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall, which displays a large number of replicas of Daozhou's paintings and related works, as well as the introduction of Daozhou's life story. Huang Daozhou's famous posts "The Final Book of Filial Piety" and "Ode to Glory" are all on display.
Chongzhen 13 (1640) was recommended by Jiangxi Governor Xie Xuelong. Chongzhen suspected that Huang Daozhou and others had formed a clique with him and were imprisoned. Prison officials in the Ming Dynasty were cruel and outrageous. Huang Daozhou was sent to the prison of punishments, and later transferred to Pumice in Beizhen, where he was tortured. "In May in North Temple, I was tortured and interrogated four or five times, which was extremely vicious." 1 "bloody clothes, scabs cover the mattress." The horror of being punished can be seen. According to Hongsi's Chronicle of Yellow Front Propaganda, because Huang Daozhou was a famous calligrapher at that time, the jailer asked him for books, and Huang Daozhou "wrote 120 copies of Xiao Jing to earn money". These 120 drops of blood in the Book of Filial Piety were written when the knuckles were still shaking and could not continue after being tortured in prison. "Today, blood is still oozing from paper and ink." 3 The fine print in the book is neat and delicate, as quiet as water, solemn and upright, and exquisite. These bloody art treasures, which were created in prison to endure pain, have a strong shock. 120 The Book of Filial Piety has been spread by jailers one after another, and Beijingers are scrambling to read and collect it. Everyone who has read the manuscript of Xiao Jing by Huang Daozhou is moved by it. It can also be seen that the Confucian thought of loyalty and filial piety has a deep influence on Huang Daozhou. Huang Daozhou's loyalty and filial piety even won the respect of the enemy. After he was captured, the Qing court tried every means to persuade him to surrender. After many years of righteous acts, the imperial edict was issued: "If Liu and Huang Daozhou stand upright, their words are generous, their loyalty overflows with simplicity and slipperiness, and they die a martyr, they are worthy of a perfect generation." four
Huang Daozhou's former residence is a very humble hut. Judging from the old and new degree, it was rebuilt by later generations, but it can still be seen from a distance that its life is simple.
Buy a boat ticket at the gate of Fengdong Stone Scenic Area to Dongmenyu, where there is the former site of Huang Daozhou Reading Office. Pan Siqu, the governor of the Qing Dynasty, has a memorial archway here, which reads "Mr. Huang Shizhai's reading room" and has the words "going up the mountain" on the back. Young Huang Daozhou chose such a secluded island cave to study hard. There are four vigorous characters "Yunshan Stone Chamber" on the cave, which was introduced by Huang Daozhou when he was a teenager.
The Eagle Cave, opposite the stone chamber, is named for its huge roof like an eagle. This cave is Huang Daozhou's bedroom with the word "Shi Zhai" engraved on it. This is the origin of the name "Mr. Shi Zhai".
Coming out of the scenic spot, facing the ancient city of Tongshan and the majestic blue sea, facing the chilly sea breeze, I was speechless all the way. I can still see Huang Daozhou's clean, concise and colorful fonts in my mind, imagining the grand occasion of giving lectures at the opening ceremony and his generosity before he died. Does that cadence still have a local accent? The people of Sri Lanka have passed away, and there will no longer be such a vassal loyal to the monarch and the country in the value system of today's world. However, our old friend's loyalty to the soul, diligence in learning, integrity and self-discipline still deserve our future generations' admiration and admiration.
Remarks:
1, Huang Zhangpu Collection, Volume 10, The Book of Shi Jing and Brothers.
2. "A staff member of the Lotus Court, with four punishments, is full of blood and covered with scabs." (Huang Zhangpu Collection, Volume 28, Prison Self-knowledge)
3. Hong Si's Preface to Receiving Documents quoted Hong Jing, his father and disciple of Daozhou, as saying: "I have seen the Book of Changes and the Book of Filial Piety mostly written when my fingers were trapped in shackles and my knuckles were still shaking. Up to now, blood is still oozing between paper and ink, and a little first-class reading is like hearing Yang's voice. ("Huang Zhangpu Collection" frontispiece)
4, "Huang Zhangpu Collection" frontispiece "More than 17 November 41"