Xiang Yu, the descendant of the famous Chu state, led an uprising of 8,000 soldiers, and the two armies divided their forces to capture Xianyang and destroy the State of Qin. Xiang Yu wants to unify the whole country and fight against Pei Gong and Liu Bang for five years. Finally, he didn't listen to his father, Fan Zeng. Jiulishan accidentally hit Han Xin's large array, and the Chu army fell, and Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River.
Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, was born in troubled times and his camera started. Brave the three armies, all-powerful; Leading troops to the north, competing for the Central Plains, winning Xianyang, cracking the soil and sealing the king, but in the end, because of his own personality weakness, he brewed his own life tragedy. With the lotus flower of the sword at Wujiang Ferry, Xiang Yu's tragic fate came to a regrettable end. The tragic history hides the tragic fate of the characters. Xiang Yu's character tragedy has been confirmed by the historical facts of Chu-Han War.
Standing by the long river of history, facing Xiang Yu's life tragedy, lamenting that "I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong" is not our proper positive attitude; In the future life course, we should constantly temper our will, temper our character repeatedly, grasp the boat of our destiny, and better sail to the ideal other side of the ocean of life.
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC) was born in Xia Xiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu). The grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu. After Chu's death, he went into exile with his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When I was young, I couldn't learn calligraphy, but I still couldn't learn sword. Determined to learn "the enemy of ten thousand people" (that is, the ability to resist ten thousand people), I learned the art of war from my uncle. But I just have a "little knowledge" and refuse to study. Xiang Yu is eight feet tall and can carry a tripod. When he was young, he was ambitious. When Qin Shihuang visited Zhejiang (now Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw his horses and chariots commanding, and blurted out, "You can replace them." In the first year of Qin Ershi (2009), Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up in osawa Township. Xiang Yu responded with Xiang Liang in Wuzhong. Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu was pushed onto the historical stage by the storm of the people's uprising.
After Xiang Liang Uprising, he recruited 8,000 elite soldiers, and Xiang Yu became a general (lieutenant). For the convenience of addressing, counselor Fan Zeng suggested that Xiong Xin, the grandson of former Chu Huaiwang, should be king, with its capital in Xuyi, and still be called Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang led the rebel army to victory in the battle with Qin Jun, which produced the idea of being proud and underestimating the enemy. As a result, Xiang Liang died in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province) when he was defeated by the army led by Han.
After the Battle of Dingtao, Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River in the north, attacked the evil harmony of Zhao Wang, who opposed Qin, and besieged Zhao Jun in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Chu Huaiwang appointed Yi Song as general and Xiang Yu as deputy general, and led his troops to save him. Yi Song led his troops to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), then hesitated and stationed for 46 days. At that time, it was raining continuously, and the rebels were short of food and clothing and were in trouble. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision, killed him, forced him to be a general, and ordered him to immediately send troops to the north to save Zhao.
Xiang Yu led his car into the south bank of Zhanghe River and confronted Qin Jun across the bank. He first sent Ying Bu and General Pu to lead twenty thousand soldiers to cross the river, cut off Qin Jun's grain transportation channel, and then led the main force to cross the river, chisel sunken ships, destroy cooking utensils and burn camps, and each person only took three days' rations. This is the origin of the famous idiom "cross the rubicon". On the battlefield, ChuJun surrounded Qin Jun with thunderous action. Xiang Yu took the lead and set an example. The Chu army bravely killed the enemy, defeated it, captured Wang Li, the general of Qin, and killed Su Jiao, the deputy commander of Qin, forcing him to commit suicide and solving the siege of the giant deer. When Xiang Yu's army fought fiercely with Qin Jun, the reinforcements of various governors crowded on the barriers and watched, afraid to take part in the war. After the battle, Xiang Yu called reinforcements and generals. They "entered the Yuanmen and marched on their knees, afraid to look up". Xiang Yu became the commander-in-chief of the vassal army.
After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu pursued his victory, and Qin Jun was losing ground, and his morale was scattered. Zhang Han saw that the tide was gone and led two hundred thousand Qin Jun to surrender to Xiang Yu. On the way to the Western Expedition, Xiang Yu ordered the killing of all 200,000 soldiers in Xin 'an City (now Shengchi Cave in Henan Province). At this time, another rebellious Emperor Gaozu, with the main force of Qin Jun, was restrained by Xiang Yu in Julu. Guanzhong was empty and occupied Xianyang.
Dissatisfied, Xiang Yu led his army to break through the customs and enter Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi). At that time, Xiang Yu's army was 400,000, while Emperor Gaozu's army was less than100,000. The strength of the two sides is very different. Emperor Gaozu lost his strength to Xiang Yu, so he adopted Sean's plan, wooed Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo, and personally went to Hong Men to confess his sins. At the hongmen banquet, swords and swords flashed in the crisscross of flowers. Fan Zeng, the counselor of Xiang Yu, raised the jade piece several times, suggesting that Xiang Yu killed Emperor Gaozu, but Xiang Yu was indecisive and was escaped by Emperor Gaozu. This is the story of the famous "Hongmen Banquet" in history. Xiang Yu temporarily suppressed Emperor Gaozu by relying on powerful forces. Led the troops into Xianyang, "kill Qin, burn Qin Gong, the fire will not go out in March, collect its treasure, and women will go east" (historical records? Xiang Yu Benji). Relying on his military talents, Xiang Yu pretended to be a vassal and general and gave orders. He established himself as the overlord of the West Chu, taking nine counties in Liangchu (accounting for parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan) and Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) as his capital. At the same time, the land was ceded to the king and the eighteen princes were enfeoffed. Emperor Gaozu sealed Hanwang, Wang Hanzhong and Bashu in an attempt to limit the development of Emperor Gaozu's forces and prevent them from moving eastward. As a result, raising tigers is a problem, which leads to the resurgence of Han army forces in the future.
Due to the unfair enfeoffment of Xiang Yu, the princes were dissatisfied. First, Tian Rong rebelled against Chu, and Xiang Yu quickly led an army to make a crusade, and Emperor Gaozu took advantage of the gap to advance eastward. In August 2008 BC, the Han army sneaked out of Hanzhong, defeated Xiang Yu's enfeoffment of the three kings of Qin, and quickly moved eastward, reaching Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan). Then, while Xiang Yu was at war with the Qi army, he rushed into Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and Xiang Yu hurriedly led 30 thousand chosen men to save Pengcheng.
At this time, Emperor Gaozu relied on a large number of soldiers to paralyze the enemy. Xiang Yu's army was eager to recover lost ground and was full of fighting spirit. Xiang Yu led three Wan Chu armies out (now southeast of Yutai, Shandong Province) to Xiao (now northwest of Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province) and reached the flank of the Han army in Pengcheng. The battle began at dawn, and Chu Jun was brave and tenacious, fighting and rushing. By noon, the Han army had been defeated. The Chu army chased Surabaya in the northeast of Pengcheng, and the Han army fell into the water one after another, killing more than 100,000 people. The Han army fled to the southern mountainous area, and the Chu army chased Suishui to the east of Lingbi (now Anhui Province), killing hundreds of thousands of people. Emperor Gaozu only led dozens of riders out of the tight encirclement, and even his wife Lv Zhi and father Taigong were captured by Xiang Yu. In the battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and quickly led a good soldier to rescue Pengcheng. Unexpectedly, he defeated hundreds of thousands of Han troops, which is a model in the history of war.
After the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu pursued his victory and fought with Emperor Gaozu in Jingyi and Suoting (west and south of Xingyang), but he was blocked in the east of Xingyang. The two sides have been arguing over the elevation area for two years. During this period, Emperor Gaozu took correct operational guidance, held the elevation, consumed the other side's strength in the protracted war and waited for an opportunity to fight back. Xiang Yu and Emperor Gaozu fought a decisive battle, but they could not attack quickly. The strength of the two sides has undergone fundamental changes. The Han army has changed from weak to strong, and Xiang Yu has changed from strong to weak. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (2002), Emperor Gaozu sent troops to launch a general attack on Xiang Yu and surrounded the Xiang Yu Legion. At this point, the Ten Wan Chu Army was exhausted and demoralized. At night, the voice of the Han army singing Chu songs came from all directions. Xiang Yu ate the stork, drank wine to drown his sorrows, and sang generously and sadly: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry with the world and never die." . What can I do if I don't die, but what can I do if I worry? "Sing fly horse, led eight hundred ride to break south. In Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), there were only 28 people left. He wanted to cross the Wujiang River and regroup, but he felt ashamed to meet his elders in Jiangdong. He fought hard for a while and died with a sword.
Xiang Yu is an outstanding military commander. He is good at fighting and brave and powerful on the battlefield. In the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu crossed the rubicon and wiped out Qin Jun's main force with few opponents, which objectively created conditions for Emperor Gaozu to enter Xianyang and overthrow the Qin Dynasty. In the Chu-Han War, Tian Rong was defeated, Cheng Peng was saved, Xingyang was saved, and Gao was captured. He fought dozens of wars in his life and won many victories. Therefore, the ancients called him a "victorious man" (Su Xun Jiayou set? Ji Xiang).
However, Xiang Yu is also a tragic figure. After the demise of the Qin dynasty, claiming to be the overlord, he was busy enfeoffment the princes and supporting the remnants of the nobles of the six countries, which violated the people's desire for reunification and caused a chaotic separatist situation. His behavior was cruel, killing Qin and more than 200,000 soldiers. After entering the customs, Qin Gong was burned and the fire broke out in March. His atrocities of burning, killing and looting violated the will of the people and were the root cause of his failure. Xiang Yu relied on martial arts to deter princes, lacked foresight and did not fight for alliances. He was jealous of talent and was unable to employ people, which led to rebellion and demoralization. Militarily, he lacks the vision of a strategist, is headstrong and is not satisfied with his own page. As a result, fighter planes were repeatedly lost, there was no consolidated rear base, and there was not enough food and troops. Although they won many battles, they turned from prosperity to decline. Therefore, although Xiang Yu's military command ability is outstanding, it is hard to avoid failure in the end.
Who made Jing Ke?
When I was young (more than ten years ago), I read Jing Ke (whose original name was unclear), a writer in Taiwan Province Province. The phrase "Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, I have been waiting for a long time" made me aftertaste for a long time.
Of course, I have read historical records, and there are few descriptions of Jing Ke in biographies of assassins. There are some differences between Jing Ke described in Lai's documents and historical records, but it does not affect its influence on me.
Jing Ke described in the book is not a fencing master with unique skills, but a scholar who plays the piano and sings. He is knowledgeable, but he lives in rivers and lakes. Finally, the prince became a guest on the screen and became famous all over the world for assassinating Qin. He is the most famous assassin in China for more than two thousand years, and no one can beat him.
I am fascinated by the scholar's feelings and chivalrous demeanor in the book, and I admire the high righteousness of keeping promises and keeping rituals. That's what men should do. Men are not synonymous with rudeness. A real man should be as honest and trustworthy as the wind. I also flaunt myself for this.
After many years, thinking of these, in addition to feeling young, can not help but have a question. That's right. Who made Jing Ke?
Jing Ke was not born to stab Qin, which made him take the road of stabbing Qin and become famous. Who made his name? Just like now, everyone is fighting for fame. Who hyped Jing Ke? Who is the biggest beneficiary of this story? Come to think of it, it's a bit like the relationship between stars and film and television companies.
Who made Jing Ke? I think this first person should be Shiguo Tian Guang.
This person is called Guoxue. Of course, Yan was a famous figure at that time. As a guest of Yan Taizi Dan, he has been treated as a state guest for many years and received great favor, so there is no way to repay him.
Prince Dan of Yan wanted to strengthen the country and asked Tian Guang for advice. He really couldn't figure out what to do, or Prince Dan put forward the idea of stabbing Qin. Tian Guang is old, but his heart is willing, but his strength is weak. It is understandable that a chivalrous man put the world first and devoted himself to his country, but it is incomprehensible that Tian Guang recommended Jing Ke with his death. Is Tian Guang's death an escape or a courageous act? There is no way to prove it. I only know that Tian Guang was a chivalrous man when he was young, but he is not old when he is old. To put it bluntly, he still kept the impulse of his youth.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, when there were many people, Tian Guang and Jing Ke were the same. Anyway, Jing Ke would like to thank Tian Guang for his kindness to meet him, not to mention his "kindness". In fact, at this time, Jing Ke has been forced to the "luxury" dead end.
The second person, Yan Taizi Dan
Tian Guang took a fancy to Jing Ke because he was brilliant and sharp-eyed.
Jing Ke also works hard and has ideas. He sent excellent experts to assassinate the king of Qin, causing chaos in Qin, which made Qin have no energy to invade abroad, and Yan could seize the time to enhance its national strength.
This plan coincides with Taizi Dan.
Who to choose? The swordsman in the world, the master only pushes Nie Gai. Although Nie Gai and Jing Ke have a long history (it is said that they don't get along), he wandered around the Jianghu and couldn't find anyone.
Who to choose? Jing Ke, whose idea was this? That's him. Tian's recommendation is not incomprehensible to Taizi Dan. Jing Ke is the best person to stab Qin. Although he is a swordsman, he is also a scholar. His poems and books are heavy, so it is not easy to be doubted by the king of Qin. And Jing Ke is brave and resourceful. The most important thing is that this person is faithful and does not bear great kindness.
Prince Taizi Dan is worthy of Jing Ke. He listened to the music and the singer played it well. He just said, "What a pair of jade hands." Turned around, Taizi Dan sent someone to cut off his hand and gave it to Jing Ke. Jing Ke is depressed. He sat by the pond and threw some pebbles. Prince Taizi Dan immediately ordered someone to bring a plate of golden beans for him to throw around. On weekdays, there is no need to say that you are luxurious.
Needless to say, Jing Ke didn't understand Taizi Dan's intention, which forced him to promise to stab Qin and force him to death.
I think Jing Ke should hate Taizi Dan. It was Taizi Dan who cornered him, but he couldn't hate others. They are so good to you that you can't stand it. I owe you one. I want to work hard for others, and I hate it in my heart, but I can't say it. This is the genius of Taizi Dan, and this is also the weakness of Jing Ke, who is too loyal and used by others. I think Jing Ke is also depressed to death. Above the Qin temple, the king of Qin will die, but he doesn't want to live any more.
I think Jing Ke also looked down on Taizi Dan. Everything he did was nothing more than a clear purpose-stabbing Qin; All "goodness" is a kind of "strength"; Jing Ke is not don't understand, why Jing Ke didn't run away, wrong is that he is also a man who has read a book, reasonable, lofty righteousness. "stab Qin, that's what you want, I'll give it to you" (not the original). This is Jing Ke's contempt for the powerful Taizi Dan as a gentleman.
Tian Guang really didn't see the wrong person. "Eating your wealth is the ultimate thing for you." In a word, the people's kindness, Taizi Dan's kindness and Tian Guang's righteousness have to be repaid, so we have to promise to go to Qin.
This is that a gentleman is bound by courtesy, righteousness and morality, but he has to agree because of his feelings. He agreed, so he had to do it again. Jing Ke didn't hesitate, so he regretted it. He agreed, reluctantly, until Taizi Dan ran over and said, "I really don't want to go, so I'll send Qin Wuyang first." The so-called true gentleman, proud person, immediately anxious. Who says he dare not go, then he will go.
Above the Qin Temple, with an easy grace, Jing Ke. Originally, he was going to die, but Qin Wuyang didn't think about it, so he didn't dare to face it and had to retire outside the temple. This is also a kind of death. It is better to die in a temple and leave a good reputation. As for why it didn't happen, whether it happened for the sake of "the world" as in Hero, or "it's a pity that the swordsmanship is poor and the outstanding work is not good" as Tao Yuanming said in Jing Ke Fu, these are unknowable and all guesses. The description of this scene in Historical Records is also very simple, but what is certain is that Jing Ke must go, even for the sake of the world. So I had to stab Qin, rather than die.
This is where a gentleman deserves respect. This is also the sorrow of a gentleman. "Respect" focuses on friendship, while "sadness" focuses on saving face and suffering.
Jing Ke's road to death is luxurious because there are too many people accompanying Tibet, such as Tian Guang, Fan and Qin Wuyang. Of course, they just add a lot of color to the story.
In fact, this is just a story, one of many stories about the overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. But Jing Ke's popularity is much higher than that of Zhu Zhuzhu, Yao Li, Cao Mo and others. He is an assassin, and even if he ends in failure, he is the most famous, which makes his colleagues somewhat dissatisfied.
Why is Jing Ke the most famous?
His wonderful story is one reason; Another reason is that the target of his assassination is too famous. Besides, this king of Qin is not an ordinary king of Qin. He was the first emperor of China and the first person to establish a feudal empire. Can killing celebrities be the same as killing ordinary people?
Of course, in my opinion, Jing Ke's story is famous because of the praise of later generations. Many scholars praised Jing Ke's appearance. For example, Tao Yuanming wrote a poem, "A Thousand Years' Love Will Remain Even After His Death" (Ode to Jing Ke). Why flatter? It is nothing more than propagating a spirit to meet the needs of feudal rule.
According to the present words, Jing Ke's participation in the "revolution" is naturally a concrete manifestation of noble sentiments, whether for loyalty, righteousness, goodness or whatever, but in the description of later generations, according to the needs of ruling society, he became the embodiment of "righteousness". The ruling class needs this thing and will naturally look for an example, but it just happened to choose him. This truth is the same as we advocate the spirit of Lei Feng. Lei Feng is also a manifestation of spiritual image and an artificial example. Besides, Lei Feng is really a good man, and Jing Ke is really righteous.
It's not a bad thing to keep your word and be brave. It is even more respectable and understandable to defend one's justice at the expense of personal interests. But it's too much to sell your life for loyalty. Just like everyone is learning from Lei Feng, but they still think Lei Feng is stupid, hehe. In the same way.
It's just that Jing Ke doesn't understand a truth. Let me explain it in the present words. He's hopeless anyway. Learn from Lei Feng, but don't be Lei Feng. Good people are stupid to do; The first gentleman, death also;
Jing Ke was bound by feudal morality and sought after by feudal society. If anyone does Jing Ke, it may really be "cannibalism" (Lu Xun's words).