Fuck; And the records of him in the History of the Three Kingdoms and the History of the Later Han Dynasty are almost derogatory. In the novel, he is a kind person who protects the environment and people. However, there are two official histories that say that he is close to traitors and ignores political affairs. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" rated him as a.
An ordinary person said, "It is hard to say that he is confused and worried about death." The Book of the Later Han Dynasty even said that he caused the Xuzhou Rebellion. If Pei Songzhi hadn't quoted Wu Dong's Wu Shu as a comment, later generations' understanding of Tao Qian might have stopped there.
Here it is.
There is a strange table festival-before Xuzhou took office, 1
"three"
According to Guo Zhi, he was born in Danyang County, Yangzhou. He was promoted to filial piety and later became the magistrate of Lu Xian County. Later, he was promoted to the secretariat of Youzhou and later transferred to the court as a negotiator. Bian Zhang and Han Sui assembled Qiang people in Liangzhou to solve the crisis, and the court was responsible.
Empty Zhang Wen rode as a general, led the army to crusade, and Tao Qian followed Zhang Wen as a soldier: this is all the records in the history of the Three Kingdoms about Tao Qian before he took office in Xuzhou. When the Book of the Later Han Dynasty records the experience of the same character, it usually
Will refer to Pei's notes, so the biography of the same character is far more than the "Three Kingdoms". However, for some reason, the annotation of Pei Songzhi's preface to Wu Shu was not only ignored in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, but even his experience as a county magistrate and secretariat in the History of the Three Kingdoms was deleted.
Wu dialect
According to the Book of History, it was promoted to, then sealed as a business, and later transferred to Shu County as a county magistrate. It is worth mentioning that Zhang Pan, the prefect of Shu County, is an elder and is closely related to his father. After Tao Qian came to power, Zhang Pan was right.
He was particularly close, but he despised Zhang Pan's behavior and eventually clashed with Zhang Pan. But he is innocent as an official, and Zhang Pan has no reason to frame him. Soon, he gave up his official position and left.
pottery
Modest marriage is also quite legendary. He was an orphan when he was a child, but he was famous for his bohemian character in the county. At the age of fourteen, he also liked to play with a group of children. Later, Gan Gong, the satrap of Cangwu in the same county, was also on the road when he traveled.
When I met him and saw his extraordinary appearance, I called him to the car and planned to marry his daughter after the chat. At this time, Tao Qian had neither good reputation nor status. She got married only because "he looks very strange and will grow up".
▲ Minister Zhang Wen at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Before Tao Qian started fighting with Zhang Wenping, he also fought with Huang Fusong in Liangzhou. When Zhang Wen conquered Liangzhou, he invited Tao Qian to join the army, which was very thick, but Tao Qian looked down on him. After returning from the battlefield, Zhang Wen took the initiative to propose a toast to Tao Qian at the celebration dinner attended by all officials, but Tao Qian humiliated Zhang Wen in public. Zhang Wen was very angry and wanted to send him to the border. At this time, someone said to Mr Zhang:
"Tao Qian's talent is more important than the public. Once drunk, you are not allowed to lend money, which is far from being barren. He didn't end in virtue, and people in the square were expecting it! It is better to dispel regrets and hatred and find the original point, so that you can stay away from Germany and the United States. "
Zhang (surname)
When you hear about it, send someone to get it back. The man suggested that Tao Qian apologize to Mr. Zhang, and Tao Qian agreed. When Zhang Wen greeted Tao Qian at the palace gate, Tao Qian said, "I thank the imperial court, not for the public." Zhang Wen smiled at him.
I'm still angry. I'm as good as ever. In fact, Zhang Wen is also very capable. Tao Qian doesn't like him so much, probably because Zhang Wen's "three public" status has been bought. At that time, the Emperor Ling sold his official position publicly, and the Han Dynasty was full of smoke. Although Zhang Wen is excellent,
Only in this way will I agree. It's just that the judgment in Wu Shu is "upright and upright, with great anger", which is completely different from the description in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Capable and controversial-Xuzhou is the second in command.
Han/Han/Chinese/human
With the rise of the Yellow Scarf Army in Xuzhou, Tao Qian was appointed as the secretariat of Xuzhou. After Tao Qian arrived, with the help of Cang Ba and others, he organized an army and finally basically eliminated the Yellow Scarf forces in Xuzhou. Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was taken to Chang 'an by Dong Zhuo, and then he broke off contact with the monarch.
Department, Tao Qian did not take part in the war against Dong Zhuo, but he still paid tribute to Emperor Han Xian in various ways in Chang 'an. We don't know what Xian Di thinks of Tao Qian's behavior, but we can only speculate that Xian Di should be Hope Tao.
It is not this meaningless tribute that Qian joined the Allies to directly fight against the "loyalists", but for Dong Zhuo, he must commend this loyalty, so he was promoted to Xuzhou Mu and General Anton in the name of the imperial court.
Liyang Hou.
▲ The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a peasant war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the largest religious uprisings in the history of China.
pottery
It is impossible for Qian not to know that Dong Zhuo is a treacherous court official who has brought disaster to the country and the people. He should also know that the tribute he gave will eventually be given to Dong Zhuo. Why didn't he send troops because of his "integrity" character? as long as
See here, even if you don't think Tao Qian is an opportunist, you will think he is too weak. At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was an imperial clan named Dong who worked as a shepherd in Youzhou. It is widely praised for its benevolent policies, but it is also one of Dong's begging processes.
While supporting Yuan Shao, he also paid tribute to the court. After Dong Zhuo killed Wei Yuan, he was promoted to a teacher. Tao Qian's behavior is somewhat similar to that of Liu Yu.
and
At that time, there was indeed the act of cutting Dong, but it was not recorded in this biography, but was placed in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and Zhu Chuan. According to Biography of Judy, Tao Qian sent 3,000 elite soldiers to help Judy resist Dong Zhuo, and so did other counties.
Without Tao Qian's generosity, they just want to save their strength and are unwilling to give it to others; After Dong Zhuo's death, Tao Qian contacted the counties to recommend Judy as a surname, and together they crusaded against Li Jue and Guo Si, but Judy had nothing.
Yao's political vision and his plan failed.
So in my opinion, compared with Yuan Shao, the main anti-Dong warlord Tao Qian.
In fact, he is more committed to crusade against Dong Zhuo; After the anti-Dong alliance broke down, he organized an alliance against Li Que. Although it was not formed because of Zhu's departure, it can be seen that he is not a weak person, otherwise he may become the following Yuan Shao.
After the second leader, Chen Shou will not be described as an "unparalleled person"; However, the History of the Three Kingdoms and the History of the Later Han Dynasty did not explain Tao Qian's experience before he took office in Xuzhou in the same detail as the Book of Wu, so they criticized his behavior.
According to other biographies, it is easy to misunderstand that Tao Qian's tribute is to take advantage of the chaos to take credit for Dong Zhuo.
▲ Dong Zhuo, a young emperor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a powerful minister in Xian Di and a warlord in Liangzhou.
"three"
The prejudice against Tao Qian in National Records and History of the Later Han Dynasty does not stop there. For example, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty said immediately after the tribute that "Xu Fangmin prospered, the grain was abundant, and the refugees returned more. And (Tao) modest credit is not what it is, and criminal politics is not.
The reflection of the three kingdoms and the reflection of the three kingdoms are roughly the same. Literally, this sentence means that Xuzhou was prosperous, but Tao Qian used inhuman means and often did not deal with political affairs, but this sentence is obviously inappropriate. Because Tao Qian came at the right time.
The Yellow Scarf Army is rampant, and Xuzhou cannot be rich and strong. Since then, Xuzhou has been under the jurisdiction of Tao Qian. Therefore, Xuzhou's situation of "the people are rich and well fed" can only be the result of Tao Qian's governance, as recorded in "Han Shu in the Later Han Dynasty".
Obviously not sure about that.
People criticized Tao Qian for the examples of abolishing government listed in the History of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Many sages were persecuted because of his cronies such as Cao Hong, which led to the gradual chaos of Xuzhou's political situation. Don't drive Zhao Yu out of Xuzhou, because he is alienated by Tao Qian because of his loyalty. Later, he resigned due to illness and served as the magistrate of Guangling. Rong Rong of the same county rallied hundreds of people to take refuge in Tao Qian, and Tao Qian asked him to supervise the grain transportation affairs in Guangling, Xiapi and Pengcheng. Later, when Cao Cao conquered Tao Qian, he led tens of thousands of people and more than 3,000 horses into Guangling County and killed Zhao Yu, the magistrate of Guangling County.
Que claims to be the emperor's farce-Tao Qian's infidelity? three
such as
If you only appoint a traitor, you can only say that he is fatuous, and you can't say that he is a "traitor." Two official histories also recorded such a thing, trying to prove that Tao Qian had bad behavior. Xian Di Chuping four years (AD 193) in June, was born in Xiapi.
There was a man named Quexuan, who claimed to be the son of heaven. Tao Qian colluded with him at first, sent his troops to capture Huaxian and Feixian counties in Taishan county, then attacked Rencheng country, and later killed Quexuan and annexed his men.
▲ Yuan Shao, a warlord at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty
In that way
The fact is, in those turbulent times, it was difficult for Tao Qian to maintain its shepherd status. Although there were many governors at the end of the Han Dynasty, they can be roughly divided into two periods, each of which was composed of two camps, and Yuan Shao was the last one.
Confronted with Cao Cao until the battle of Guandu; In the previous paragraph, the confrontation between Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu dominated. During this period, "(Yuan Shu) was uneven with Liu Biao, and even connected to Gongsun Zan in the north; (Yuan Shao) and (Gong Sun) don't agree to go south.
Even Liu Biao (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Yuan Shu), Cao Cao often teamed up with Yuan Shao to suppress Yuan Shu, while Gongsun Zan and Tao Qian chose to form an alliance with Yuan Shu.
In the third year of Chuping (AD 192), Tao Qian responded to Gongsun Zan's call and stationed troops in Fagan County, East County, Yanzhou, to help Yuan Shu bully Yuan Shao. Later, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao joined hands to break it, indicating that Tao Qian and Cao Cao had already had contradictions.
As for Cao Cao's crusade against Tao Qian, the most widely known one is that Cao Cao sent troops in the name of revenging his father, but most people think that Cao Song's death has nothing to do with Tao Qian, and Cao Cao is just using the topic. Wu Di Ji didn't specify the specific details, but Pei Songzhi quoted two statements in his notes.
▲ Yuan Shu, one of the leaders in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
sequence
One statement comes from the Book of Wu. That is to say, Cao Song took more than 100, and Tao Qian sent a Zhang Kai with more than 200 cavalry to escort Cao Song in order to make friends with Cao Cao. The result is self-defeating. I didn't expect Zhang Kai to be in Hua County, Taishan County.
And fled to Huainan after taking all the property. Cao Cao blamed Cao Song's death on Tao Qian, so he sent troops to crusade against Xuzhou. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms also adopted this statement.
Another story comes from Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which says that Cao Songyuan was in Huaxian County, Taishan County, and Cao Cao asked Yingshao, Taishan Prefecture, to send someone to escort Cao Song to Yanzhou, but before Yingshao could send troops, he secretly dispatched thousands of cavalry to kill Cao Song in Huaxian County. This statement is obviously that Cao Song was deliberately killed by Tao Qian.
From the above analysis of the tension between Tao Qian and Cao Cao, it seems impossible for Tao Qian to show kindness to Cao Cao in his first statement. Moreover, Taishan County and Rencheng, which Tao Qian attacked during the "collusion" of Quexuan, were all Cao Cao's Yanzhou territory. It can be seen that Tao Qian attacked these places not because of collusion when Quexuan proclaimed himself emperor, but only because of the interest struggle between warlord groups.
▲ Cao Cao, an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms period.
In autumn, Cao Cao marched eastward to Tao Qian, connecting more than ten cities, and Tao Qian was losing ground. This is a scene familiar to readers of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Because Tao Qian was busy with the war, Quexuan made an insurrection in his territory. It was wise to form an alliance to blind Quexuan and then go back to the army to destroy him. It cannot be said that Tao Qian had ulterior motives.
In a word, the History of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty both point their finger at this traitor, while the Book of Wu mostly praises him and calls him "loyalty". The Book of Wu is a national history compiled by Sun Quan in Wu Dong's later period, and it is also the main reference material for Chen Shou to compile The History of the Three Kingdoms. However, Tao Qian described by Chen Shou is quite different. The reason is that Chen Shou deleted some contents that could not be verified, which made Tao Qian's image too one-sided.
Ye Fan quoted a lot of Pei Songzhi's comments when writing the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, but he didn't comment on the Biography of Tao Qian. You may have heard of the Book of Wu, and Wu people have great respect for it. When Tao Qian died, Zhang Zhao, who later became an important minister in Wu Dong, held a mourning for him, calling him "obedient and upright". The difference between the three histories also makes people wonder: Is Tao Qian loyal or treacherous?
Excerpted from Baidu netizens,