On how Chinese teachers improve their basic skills

Chinese in primary schools is a basic subject, and the cultivation of its basic skills is like "laying the foundation" for a person's lifelong development. Therefore, "Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft)" clearly points out: "Chinese teaching should pay attention to the accumulation, perception and application of language, pay attention to the training of basic skills, and lay a solid Chinese foundation for students." (1) Chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Chinese literacy is the basis for students to learn other courses well, and it is also the basis for students' all-round development and lifelong development. The multiple functions and basic functions of Chinese course determine its important position in nine-year compulsory education. Chinese teaching in primary schools not only shoulders the heavy responsibility of basic education, but also plays a cornerstone and bridge role for students' future study. Students are the masters of Chinese learning and the subjects of learning and development. Chinese teaching should be carried out in the process of equal dialogue between teachers and students, and teachers are the organizers and guides of learning activities. The cultivation of teachers' own quality directly affects students' learning. With the deepening of education and teaching reform and the proposal of new curriculum standards, teachers have reformed their classroom teaching strategies to varying degrees, and some outdated educational concepts and teaching methods have gradually drifted away from our sight. Since the implementation of curriculum reform, Chinese teaching in primary schools has made great progress. Chinese teaching is no longer a simple "textbook" teaching, nor is it a teacher's "centralized teaching"; Breaking "classroom-centered" is no longer a closed and rigid "small language". While seeing the achievements, it also exposes some problems. In rural areas, Chinese teachers in rural primary schools are unfamiliar with quality education and curriculum reform, and a new round of education and teaching reform has spread from towns to villages. With the gradual progress of the new curriculum reform, Chinese teachers in rural primary schools feel more and more that they have obvious deficiencies in knowledge and ability, which can no longer meet the needs of the transformation of basic education. Chinese teachers in rural primary schools, especially the older ones, generally have a low level of education. Most Chinese teachers in rural primary schools still stick to the traditional educational concepts and methods, and do not understand the connotation of quality education and the significance of implementing quality education to students' all-round development. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the basic skills of Chinese teaching in primary schools on the basis of clarifying the teaching ability of Chinese teachers in primary schools. With the deepening of reform, experts and scholars actively advocate "natural language" and strongly call for "Chinese flavor" in Chinese teaching. Everyone realizes that the cultivation of Chinese basic skills is extremely important for the improvement of students' Chinese literacy. But at the practical level, some teachers are still satisfied with asking students to answer "what does this word mean" and "how to explain that word". There is not enough understanding of students' subjectivity, and the cultivation of Chinese basic skills stays in the form, "wearing old shoes and taking the old road", and the methods and means used are single and outdated. Teachers need to keep learning while educating students. In Chinese teaching in primary schools, how to make the cultivation of Chinese basic skills keep pace with the times, inherit and develop harmoniously, and lay a solid foundation for children's lifelong growth has become an urgent research topic. 2. The significance of the topic Teachers are the hope of education. Building a team of teachers with high ideological quality and strong professional ability is the fundamental policy of educational reform and development, and it is also the requirement of teachers' development status. The growth process of teachers is a process of objective conditions and subjective efforts, which has its own unique laws. Therefore, the research on improving teaching basic skills has practical significance. The diversity and variability of teaching require teachers to become decision makers rather than executors. In this curriculum environment, teachers are required to have space to create new forms and new contents, create classroom atmosphere, create learning environment, design teaching activities to express their educational ideas, reflect on their own actions, improve in research, grow up in curriculum reform and constantly improve their ability to cope with new courses. The basic skills of Chinese teaching are the most basic teaching abilities and skills that Chinese teachers in primary schools should have to complete the teaching tasks of this subject. In a sense, it is an important factor reflecting the ranks of Chinese teachers and the level of Chinese teaching. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the investigation and study on the basic teaching skills of Chinese teachers in primary schools, and make a scientific evaluation of the basic teaching skills of Chinese teachers in primary schools, so as to speed up the construction of Chinese teachers in primary schools, promote the deepening of Chinese teaching reform in primary schools, and greatly improve the quality of Chinese teaching in primary schools. As the saying goes, if you want to give students a glass of water, you must first have a bucket of water, which vividly illustrates the importance of basic skills. As a teacher, teaching is the lifeline, and your basic skills directly affect the quality of classes. Therefore, as a Chinese teacher, we must clearly know the content and importance of Chinese basic skills. 1, the content of basic skills The basic skills of Chinese medicine are looking, smelling, asking and cutting; The basic skills of a dramatic actor are singing, reading, doing and acting. The basic skills of Chinese teachers are listening, speaking, reading and writing. According to the requirements of Chinese Teaching Syllabus for Primary Schools, Chinese teachers should have better basic skills in reading, writing, listening and speaking than students. Listening refers to listening to students' reading, retelling, question and answer and discussion (2). When students are reading aloud, retelling, answering questions and discussing, teachers should be able to distinguish the right and wrong points of students, grasp the problems, point them out and guide or correct them. By practicing these listening skills, Chinese teachers can find out the advantages and disadvantages of students' ideological understanding and oral expression in Chinese learning in time, so as to guide them according to the actual situation of students. Speaking is a teacher's language expression ability. Chinese teachers' classroom language should be clear, accurate, concise and vivid. If you can't pass the language art, it is difficult for a teacher to teach Chinese well even if he is knowledgeable. Therefore, the cultivation of teaching language should start with learning Mandarin and gradually achieve natural tone. The volume is moderate, pay attention to cadence, and avoid language barriers in content. Be concise and vivid on the basis of clarity and accuracy. Reading is the teacher's own reading and reading ability and the ability to guide students' reading. For Chinese teachers, "studying hard" means preparing lessons carefully on the one hand. Because preparing lessons is a process in which teachers constantly accumulate experience, raise awareness and explore laws. On the other hand, reading. Reading is essential for any Chinese teacher. Writing is three strokes and writing. Words are the "facade" of teachers. Whether the writing of Chinese characters is standardized, neat and beautiful is directly related to the effect of education and teaching and the prestige of teachers, and will also have positive and negative effects on students. Teachers should first write words in a standard, neat and beautiful way, and write with artistic sense, so that students can develop good writing habits. Therefore, basic writing skills are important professional skills for qualified teachers, especially primary and secondary school teachers. Writing is a talent of Chinese teachers and a standard to test a person's cultural quality. A Chinese teacher can't write, just as an art teacher can't draw, and a music teacher can't play the piano or sing. Then he is not a qualified Chinese teacher. Therefore, reading and writing are the most basic and important qualities of Chinese teachers. In fact, in addition to these four basic skills, Chinese teachers should also have the ability to design teaching, organize teaching, guide students to learn Chinese by themselves, talk about classes, attend classes and evaluate classes. 2. The importance of basic skills "basic skills" refers to "the basic knowledge and skills needed to engage in a certain job" (modern Chinese dictionary). Teachers' work has the basic knowledge and skills that must be mastered. Carrying out teaching basic skills training activities is an important link to improve the overall quality of teachers. Teachers should establish a correct educational concept through the study of basic teaching skills, perform the duties of teaching, educating, disciplining and guiding, love, understand, care and educate students, and fulfill the sacred mission of cultivating talents and improving national quality entrusted by the party and the state. A good idea can only be transformed into valuable and effective teaching behavior through the living teaching of teachers with solid teaching basic skills. It takes a long time for the new teaching concept to be transformed into teachers' conscious action, and "teachers' basic skills" is the starting point to realize this transformation. If we can fully embody the organic unity of "people-oriented" and "knowledge, skills, emotions, attitudes and values" in the interpretation of teaching materials, language expression and the use of various media closely related to "teachers' basic skills", then the goal of the new curriculum reform can be realized. The basic skills of Chinese teaching are not only reflected in various environments, but also run through the teaching of various subjects. Teachers should enhance their awareness of quality cultivation, strive to improve their ideological quality and professional quality, and have solid basic knowledge and skills. In teaching, we should be aggressive, explore hard and innovate hard to ensure the promotion of quality education. My Chinese teaching experience and existing problems 1 My Chinese teaching experience is better in the following aspects in my own basic skills: one or three strokes, namely pens, brushes and chalk. As a splendid Chinese nation, it has always attached importance to the writing of Chinese characters. The ancients said that "the word is like a person" and "the character is correct", which means that personality can reflect a person's quality (3). Chinese characters, on the other hand, are flat square characters, which are a synthesis of form, sound and meaning; There is a certain motivation between the form, sound and meaning of Chinese characters, which contain rich cultural information. For a long time, Chinese and Chinese characters have influenced and adapted to each other. Chinese and Chinese characters have played an important role in the development of China's culture and exerted a great influence on China's education. So as a Chinese teacher, I ... I deeply know that my calligraphy is not as good as that of a calligrapher, but I also know that calligraphy is the "facade" of a teacher. So their own fonts are generally written correctly and their strokes are correct. Especially chalk characters. Because we all hope that students' writing is correct and neat, but our blackboard writing is flying while the dragon and the phoenix dance, how can it be convincing? When I was studying in a normal school, I thought it was a tedious and useless thing to practice chalk writing. So I didn't practice seriously until I needed to write on the blackboard in class during my internship. But my handwriting is poor, the students reacted strongly, and my tutor criticized me. At that time, I realized the importance of writing, so I bought a copybook to practice three strokes, paying special attention to the clarity of strokes, not more than one stroke, not less than one stroke, not changing the shape of strokes at will, but also paying attention to the combination, structure and order of strokes, and paying attention to symmetry and beauty. Finally, many good things happen. After a year of practice, my calligraphy has finally been well received by teachers and students. The second is reading aloud, that is, reading the text aloud. In many Chinese classes, we can generally see that the number of students reading aloud has increased, but they don't really like reading, enjoy reading and compete for reading. Students just read mechanically, but they don't really mobilize their emotions and devote themselves to the teaching content of the text. How to improve students' reading enthusiasm and effectively improve their reading level is an urgent task in Chinese teaching. However, it is not necessary for the teacher to simply tell the students which words to stress, where to rise and where to fall. If so, you can simply ask the students what sounds to read. Students only know, but don't know why. Practice has proved that "improving students' reading ability depends on teachers' reading. "On the day of teaching two children to argue, they were taught that Confucius could not judge right from wrong. The two children smiled and said, who is Zhihu? Ask the students: "Why did the two children laugh at Confucius? "The student replied," Because Confucius can't judge who is right or wrong between two children. " Ask the students: "Confucius was a very learned man at that time." How do the two children feel when they see that Confucius can't distinguish right from wrong? " The student replied, "interesting." I asked again, "Then how should we read it?" The student replied, "Naive and lively. "At this time, I don't ask students to read funny tones, or simply tell them which one to improve, but ask them to listen to me read in two different ways, and then tell me which one is good and why? Then, I read this sentence with different tone and different expression. After reading, the students expressed their preference for the second reading method. They said that when the teacher read it for the second time, he had a smile on his face and a high tone. He looked a little naive and lively like a child. When she read it for the first time, her expression and tone were very dull, and there was no feeling of innocence and liveliness. Next, I want them to read this sentence. I want them to read like teachers, plus a little imagination. Sure enough, the children have made great progress than before. Students acquire perceptual knowledge by observing and understanding the outside world. In fact, teachers' reading contains a lot of their own knowledge, including pinyin (whether pinyin is standardized or not is related to their own Putonghua) and understanding of words, sentences and articles. So I usually watch each lesson by myself and check what I don't understand. This is the only way. I will do better in class. The third is listening, which is also one of the basic skills of teachers. In class, when students read aloud, I should be able to distinguish whether their pronunciation is clear, whether their pronunciation is accurate, whether their sentences are clear and whether their intonation is appropriate. For example, there is a student in my class who always can't tell the pronunciation of curled tongue from that of flat tongue. Whether in class or after class, I deliberately pointed out his shortcomings. Every time he was asked to read alone, he changed, and the whole class read together and returned to the original state. Once reading a text, the whole class was reading it. I pointed out on the spot that he read "mountain" as "three". At that time, the whole class was surprised and didn't understand how I could hear it. When students summarize the meaning and main content of the text, I should immediately judge whether its expression is correct, whether the summary is comprehensive and whether the hierarchical structure is reasonable. When students ask and answer questions, I hope to hear whether the questions are concise, whether the answers are to the point, and whether there are repeated delays or irrelevant answers. When students discuss arguments, there will be oral communication in each unit of senior grade, so I must integrate my views, grasp the focus of contradictions, distinguish right from wrong and deny. These are all my own pinyin, and my understanding of the text will pass. In fact, in addition to listening to students, we should also learn to listen to teachers, that is, to attend classes. Because in the process of attending classes, we can not only absorb the good experiences and practices of others, but also judge the shortcomings and deficiencies, so as to learn from them in teaching and improve our teaching level. 2. Problems in Chinese teaching I haven't done enough basic skills myself. First, study. Second, writing in Chinese teaching. Reading in and out of class not only gives students a headache, but also makes me miserable. I don't know where to start teaching reading and improve students' reading ability. For example, when teaching Memories of Sixteen Years ago, it is required to experience the quality of Li Dazhao through sentences. When I made a sentence for students to summarize the characters, most students took a graphic dictionary and read it out, which was considered correct. And sometimes I know they are wrong, but I can't give directions. Maybe it's because my basic reading skills failed. One sentence is right. "A person's reading determines his writing level." Because his reading is too small, his writing level will be low. Therefore, teaching composition is also my weakness. Every time I see students' dry, vulgar, short, unspecific examples and unfocused articles, I feel annoyed and really don't know how to teach them. It's not that I haven't taught them how to do it, but I don't understand why they can't improve their writing ability. For example, when teaching writing, I will first explain the main points that should be paid attention to in writing, and then tell students one or two examples that happened to them to arouse their interest, and then turn the examples into model essays to show. But the composition handed in by the students is still the same. Maybe this is my poor teaching ability! In view of their own shortcomings, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the basic skills of Chinese teaching. Shakespeare said: "Books are the nourishment of the whole world. Life without books is like the earth without sunshine; Wisdom without books is like a bird without wings. " Yes, but not every kind of book is "nutritious". Good books are all. Only by reading good books can we accumulate language knowledge and improve literary literacy. So what is a good book? Schopenhauer said: "Only from the founder of philosophical thought can people accept philosophical thought. Therefore, anyone who wants to yearn for philosophy must personally go to the original solemn holy land to find immortal masters. " He emphasized reading classic original works. Classic works are the crystallization of wisdom, containing common sense and common sense, and their value lasts forever. Only by reading classic works can we stand on the shoulders of the masters and feel the wisdom of the sages. So, if someone asks me what is the shortcut to reading, my answer is: Yes, just read the classics directly. Second, choose a wide range of books. Mr. Lu Xun once said: It is not good to look at only one person's works: you will not get many benefits. You must pick many flowers like a bee, so that you can brew honey. If you bite in one place, your income will be limited and boring. Therefore, as a Chinese teacher, excellent books at all times and all over the world should be in my hands. They can give us wisdom, give us ideas, make us mature, let us have philosophy, let us understand the greatness of life and the smallness of selfishness, let me have a correct understanding of gains and losses, setbacks, fame and fortune, let me know everything in the world from ancient times to modern times, and let me become a wise man from ignorance to knowledge. Only in this way can we establish a good image among students, thus exerting a subtle influence on students. As a teacher, we should not only read more books and constantly enrich our own literature, but also read ourselves and others and grow in thinking. Only in this way can we read more books, improve our cultural level, get rid of mediocrity and guide students' learning. Third, continue to improve your emotional reading ability. Reading aloud is the pronunciation of written language, and it is a reading activity that turns silent words into spoken language. The use of reading aloud can help readers to explain their meaning by sound, appreciate the subtlety of the article, and play a subtle role in improving their understanding and writing ability. Therefore, we must continue to pay attention to the key words, sentences, words and sentences that can be read and the meaning of love. Grasp a word or a series of words, and read it with emotion by analyzing its meaning. Learn the meaning of disassembling glyphs. With the help of the characteristics of word-making, we can help ourselves to have a deeper understanding of words and phrases, cause * * * sounds and promote emotional sublimation. Continue to experience reading aloud. Learn to change roles, feel other people's emotions, and read them when reading aloud. When reading aloud, you should learn to take the feelings of life as the traction and read your own feelings. When reading aloud, you should also learn to read aloud with expressions and movements. Because only in this way can we attract students' attention. 2. Composition In writing, I feel that my writing style is OK when reading a book. But when facing the students, I found that my writing level needs to be improved, so I should do the following in writing: First, write a teaching diary. Suhomlinski said: "Every teacher keeps an educational diary ... the kind of teacher diary that has been kept for 10, 20 or even 30 years is a great wealth." In this regard, Mr. Yu Yongzheng is also deeply touched. He said: "seriously writing three-year teaching plans is not necessarily an excellent teacher;" Seriously writing teaching notes for three years will definitely make you a thoughtful teacher and may even write an education expert. " The second is to write reading notes. "No pen and ink, no reading", good reading notes are the brain of our teaching. Professor Zhu Yongxin said in the "Six-character Formula for Teacher Success": "Listen to a speech today and write down your thoughts; After listening to a report today, write down what you have learned; I read a book today. Write it down if you have experience. If you remember for ten years, you will succeed. "We don't want to be too strict with the content. As long as we pay attention to practicing calligraphy, many a mickle makes a mickle. Write more, the topics that can be written are wider, and the writing ability is improved invisibly. The third is to write more water compositions. Yu Yongzheng's practice is worth learning. He advocates that teachers should write "Summer Hydrology" before students do their homework. He said: "As soon as I entered the water, I knew where it was deep and where it was shallow." "In order for children to write a good composition, teachers must write it themselves. If you don't write hydrology yourself, you can't teach composition well. "So, only by writing a good article can we accurately guide students' composition. If you don't write, you will experience the ups and downs of writing, and guiding the composition will inevitably be empty preaching. Therefore, Xunzi was right, "You don't know the height of the sky unless you climb the mountain." You don't know the thickness of the earth until you face the abyss. "Fourth, you should keep a diary at ordinary times, and at the same time pay attention to the major events around you or the changes in the environment, accumulate materials, and slowly you will have something to say. Fifth, write more emotional articles, because articles are either good words or good articles, and it is important to have true feelings. As long as your article has true feelings, you can move students and stimulate their interest in writing. In composition teaching, writing evaluation is an important means to correct composition, and it also reflects teachers' own reading level and criticism level. Because every composition of primary school students is the result of their efforts, I strongly hope to get an objective and fair evaluation from the teacher. This requires teachers to go deep into the inner world of students and understand the most subtle activities in their hearts. A good composition evaluation can not only let students know the advantages and disadvantages of their own practice, but also stimulate their interest in writing. I am not good at this, and sometimes I know that there are problems with students' articles, and I can't explain them in words or words. To improve the evaluation ability of one's composition, one should not only strengthen reading and writing, but also look at the composition and see how the author comments, so as to improve one's evaluation level. When writing comments, we should also pay attention to the principle of giving priority to praise and encouragement. Moreover, every comment should be innovative, which is conducive to inspiring students' minds and stimulating students' enthusiasm for writing a good composition. Moreover, when writing comments, you should learn to write in the second person, which is a psychological effect and is called "one of your own". Because equal language will narrow the distance between teachers and students and reduce the psychological pressure of students' writing. You should also learn to say people's cultural comments. Psychologist Maslow believes that people's needs are divided into high-level and low-level, among which respect needs and self-realization needs are the highest needs of people. I also need to learn to write comments with my heart. As long as I can change the image of the preacher in composition evaluation from the perspective of understanding and respecting students, and communicate with students equally and patiently in a tone of consultation and inquiry, I believe that both students and I will make a breakthrough in composition. In fact, while improving your shortcomings, you should also strengthen your strengths. For example, I usually talk to students in Putonghua, which can not only improve my Putonghua level, but also stimulate students' interest in learning Putonghua, and also strengthen their pinyin ability, killing two birds with one stone. Why not? Second, watch more programs of Putonghua-speaking TV stations, especially Chinese and English TV stations, to make your pronunciation more standard. Third, when you speak, you will pay more attention to the accuracy and conciseness of language expression. Only by speaking accurately and concisely can students not feel verbose and bored. Fourth, continue to strengthen the writing and practice of the three strokes, continue to demand that your font is correct and write in strict accordance with the stroke order. Fifth, continue to listen to excellent teachers or old teachers in the school, actively discuss and communicate with them, improve their teaching level, and read more cases of excellent classes, so as to improve their classroom skills, as well as their ability to speak, listen to lectures and evaluate classes. 5. Conclusion During the preliminary study of Chinese teachers' basic skills, on the basis of the existing research results and other related disciplines, according to the educational theory and combined with my own teaching experience, I put forward my views on improving my own teaching basic skills in view of the problems existing in my teaching practice. The new curriculum standard concept endows Chinese teachers with the basic teaching skills that need to keep pace with the times, and re-examines and develops the traditional teaching skills such as listening, speaking, reading and writing with a brand-new concept. Under the guidance of the new curriculum reform, Chinese teachers are also required to practice the ability of designing teaching, organizing teaching, guiding students to learn Chinese by themselves, speaking, attending classes and evaluating classes. Traditional teaching basic skills have been formed before teachers take up their posts. With the deepening of the new curriculum reform and the change of teachers' roles, the requirements for teaching basic skills are constantly developing and changing. The author's basic skills in dictation are relatively solid, but reading and writing are not enough. On the basis of consulting a large number of documents, I found many papers about teachers' basic skills, and there are more than 280 articles about teachers' basic skills under the new curriculum reform. By reading the methods in these documents and combining with my own problems, I find a suitable method for the author. Read more, improve reading skills, learn more, read more, write your own composition, write reading notes, write composition evaluation, and improve your writing level. Due to the tight research time and limited theoretical level, the depth of thinking about basic skills and methods to improve them may not be enough. There are still some details that have not been considered, which will be improved in the future teaching process. Finally, I urge the teacher to criticize and correct me.