aisin gioro
brief introduction
Aisingiorro is the surname of the Qing royal family. The Manchu word "love new" means gold. Generally speaking, "Jueluo" means surname, but in fact, the word "surname" in Manchu is originally Hala (Chinese Hala, Hala).
Manchu surnames are divided into two parts, one is the surname (Hala) and the other is the clan name (Mu Kun) based on blood clan relationship. In the family name of Aisinggioro, Jueluo is the family name and Ai Xin is the family name. The relationship between them is similar to the relationship between a surname and a family in the Han nationality (Zhang and Tongcheng Zhang, Weng and Changshu Weng, etc.). ). In addition to Essien Joro, Jueluo also includes Ilgen Jueluo, Shu Shu Jueluo and Tong Yan Jueluo, all of which originated from the same ancestor. Nala has branches such as Yenala, Ulanala and Huifanala (Ye and Ula are both place names), and Guarga has branches such as Suwany Guarga and Antu Guarga. Because after the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the family became a noble family, commensurate with its full name, and "Ai Xin" became a part of the surname.
In Qing Dynasty, Ai Xin Jue Luo was divided into imperial clan and Jue Luo to show the difference of blood relationship. At the same time, some meritorious officials were named Jue Luo Shi, such as Jue Luo Mutai (formerly known as Shu Mulu) and Jue Luo Wu Bai (formerly known as Guarga).
After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, people mostly took Han surnames, such as Jin and Zhao.
Family pedigree
Before they invaded the Central Plains, the names of the royal family were changed at will. Later, I referred to the naming method of the Han people, and the names should be arranged according to generations. The first son was named after three roles: Cheng, Bao and Chang. Later, Yin and Hong were his grandchildren and Yong was his great-grandson. When he was in Qianlong, he decided to use "Yong", "Mian", "Yi" and "Zai" according to a poem he wrote. Daoguang was established as "general", "dangerous", "constant" and "qi", and Xianfeng was established as "Tao", "Lu", "Zeng" and "qi".
The family is huge, in order to subdivide, it is stipulated that the radical capital of the second word of the same generation should be celebrated together. For example, Emperor Xianfeng's name is Yi Yi, and his half-brother Yi Xin. The second word of their names is "Yan", while the real name is "Li".
The distribution of the family of Eisingiro.
In the 1980s, Ai Xinjue Roche was only a small family, including six ancestors of Nurhachi and their 22 sons.
From the establishment of Nuerhachi Rebellion to the demise of Puyi, the last emperor of Qing Dynasty, the late Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty existed for 296 years, and experienced 0 generations 1 12 emperors. In the past three centuries, the emperors of the late Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty had many concubines, and their descendants also had far more concubines than ordinary wives. In addition, China advocates the ancient traditional custom of having many children and grandchildren, so the descendants of the Aisinggioro family multiply very rapidly.
Some scholars believe that there were about 100 members of the second generation of Huang taiji's royal family before the late Jin entered the customs. By the third generation of Shunzhi, the number of royal family members was 419; By the fourth generation of Kangxi, there were about 490 members of the royal family; By the Five Dynasties of Yongzheng, the number of members of the royal family had exceeded 1000; By the seventh generation of Jiaqing, there were nearly 4700 members of the royal family; After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, by the 1930s, there were already 20,000 descendants of the royal family. The Genealogy of Essien Choro published by 1936 collects the hereditary data of this family for hundreds of years. From the 1980s of 16 to the 1930s, there were nearly 34,000 descendants of this branch, 46,000 descendants of the whole imperial clan and 34,000 descendants of the Jueluo system, with a total of more than 80,000 people, and this is just men. If calculated according to the ratio of the prince to the emperor's daughter, then there are more than 80,000 descendants of the Aisin Choro family, nearly 60,000 descendants of the Gioro family, and the entire Aisin Choro family has nearly 6.5438+0.4 million descendants. In the past 300 years, the Aisin Giro family, because it is in a privileged period, has a very fast reproduction speed.
In the 70 years from 1930s to now, the family of Aisinggioro has been scattered all over the country, and the royal status has become history. It is impossible to modify the pedigree of government behavior, the purity of blood is no longer guaranteed, and the marital status is becoming more and more complicated. Almost no genealogy has been published, so it is very difficult to count the family population.
However, a trend is obvious. The population of Ai Xinjue Roche is still expanding, and the blood relationship has gradually formed many branches from near to far. It is estimated that there are about 300,000-400,000 people in Ai Xinjue Roche today. In fact, the last three generations of emperors in the Qing Dynasty had almost no children because of the marriage of close relatives, and some died early, so it is estimated that there are few descendants now.
The surname Aisingiorro was later simplified, some changed to "Zhao", some changed to "Luo" and so on.
Descendants of Ai Xinjue Roche are widely distributed in China, with varied living conditions and different attitudes towards the surname "Aisingiorro".
Introduction to Kangxi
Name: Aisinggioro Michelle Ye
Alias: Emperor Kangxi, Saint of Qing Dynasty.
Date of birth:1May 4, 654 (March 18th, 11th year of Shunzhi)
Nationality: Manchu
Memorial Day:1722 65438+February 20th (Kangxi 6 1 year1month13rd).
Native place: Beijing
Area: Beijing
Country: Qing Dynasty
Occupation: Emperor
Emperor Kangxi, Manchu, full name Aisingiorro Michelle Ye, temple name Qing Shengzu, took "Kangxi" as his title, and the Ming and Qing dynasties used to address the emperor by title. Kangxi is the emperor shunzhi's third son, and the emperor shunzhi's mother is Xiao Zhangkang. Born in the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654 May), he died in1722165438+10/3. He was the longest reigning emperor in China. Kangxi consolidated the rule when the Qing Dynasty was established, inherited the traditional feudal rule of China, greatly strengthened the centralization of monarchy, and greatly reduced the status of literati since the Song and Ming Dynasties by means of literary inquisition.
Kangxi acceded to the throne at the age of 8, 14, and 16, the power minister Ao Bai.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Wu Sangui and other San Francisco forces were eliminated (1673), Taiwan Province Province was seized from Zheng Ke, the grandson of Zheng Chenggong (1684), the rebellion of Junggar Khan and galdan was put down (1688-1697), and Russia's invasion of northeast China at that time was resisted and signed. He built a summer resort in Chengde as a base for communication with nomadic people in the north. Since then, he has established an alliance system in the summer resort and a pilgrimage system to foreign countries, which has strengthened the stability of a multi-ethnic country. From the social and economic point of view, Kangxi adopted a series of policies that were beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood: actively encouraging reclamation, abolishing the cruel enclosure order in the early Qing Dynasty and changing its name to farmland; Regulation of water conservancy projects in the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Canal. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), he decided to "never tax the new population" and wanted to cancel the poll tax on the new population. However, this is actually impossible to operate. In less than ten years, it has evolved into a system of "spreading land into mu", completely turning "people who farm fields never pay taxes" into meaningless empty talk. High taxes. Finally, it promoted the development of agricultural economy, which was manifested in the rapid expansion of cultivated land area, the improvement of grain output and the extensive planting of cash crops, laying the foundation for the "prosperous time"; Culturally, he held many erudite and academic courses, established the system of studying in South China, and visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu. Emperor Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books, calendars and maps such as Kangxi Dictionary, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Examination of Calendar Images, Essentials of Mathematics, Emperor Kangxi Calendar in Yongnian and Panorama of Emperor Kangxi. At the same time, he also has a strong attainments in western learning. He has studied astronomy, mathematics (especially geometry), physics, chemistry and pharmacy all his life (cinchona, which can be used to treat malaria, was introduced to the palace (now books are mostly recorded as cinchona ointment, which was extracted only in the19th century) and medicine (he once vaccinated his children to prevent smallpox), but this hobby of western learning. Kangxi can be said to be the emperor with the highest mathematical literacy in the history of China. He personally named and translated the mathematical terms such as "root", "time" and "square" that we still use today.
In order to isolate Taiwan Province Province, Kangxi imposed a ban on the sea and moved the border to ban the sea, which caused suffering to the coastal people and opened the first door to the outside world. He advocated Confucianism, especially Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, which pushed China's feudal absolutism to its peak. In his later years, because of the mistake of choosing an heir, he abolished the crown prince twice, which led to the princes vying for the reserve for more than 20 years, which led to the slack of official management and the numerous parties in the DPRK and China, which directly affected social stability.
Kangxi 6 1 year 1 1 month 13 died in Changchun Garden. He Qiao Tian Hongyun, a civil and military man, is diligent, respectful, honest, loyal, virtuous and great. Temple name, sage. He was buried in Jingling, Dongling, Zunhua, Hebei Province.
Kangxi's life
Emperor Kangxi's name was Michelle Ye, the third son of the emperor shunzhi, and his mother was Tong Jiashi, the queen of Xiao Zhangkang. The history book records "Tian Shuai, Li Yuexiang". It is said that when he was six years old, he took his second son, Fuquan, to meet his father. Shunzhi asked them what they wanted to do in the future. Fuquan's answer is: "I would like to be a good king." However, Michelle Ye replied, "I want to imitate my father." Shunzhi is quite different.
On his deathbed, the emperor shunzhi appointed Michelle Ye as the heir to the throne. Because Michelle Ye was only eight years old at that time, Emperor Shunzhi appointed four trusted ministers to assist him, namely Sony, Suksaha, Qiba Bilong and Ao Bai. After Michelle Ye acceded to the throne, he was renamed Kangxi, and was known as Emperor Kangxi in history.
Kangxi lost his father at the age of 8 and his mother at the age of 10. When his mother was seriously ill, Kangxi "served in the morning and evening, tasted soup, kept his eyes open and his clothes puzzled"; After his mother's death, he stayed up all night and cried all the time. Kangxi later recalled that when he was young, "under his parents' knees, there was no chance to try one day." "
Kangxi entered the study at the age of five, claiming to be "never tired of reading since he was five." Kangxi also likes calligraphy. "Write more than 1000 words every day without interruption." He read "Four Books"-University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. "He can recite every word and never deceive himself". Later, he asked the prince to read a book, read it a hundred times and recite it once, which was the inheritance of his early reading experience.
After Kangxi succeeded to the throne, he studied harder, even overworked and hemoptysis. He studied not for recreation, but to "understand the pursuit of diligent governance of ancient emperors" to govern the country and level the world. On the way out, he took a boat in the middle of the night, or stayed in the palace, and he became accustomed to talking about Zhouyi, reading Shangshu, reading Zuozhuan, reciting the Book of Songs, and writing poems and articles. I still couldn't put it down until I was in my sixties.
Kangxi's father was Manchu, his grandmother was Mongolian and his mother was a Korean soldier. Deeply taught by his grandmother, he learned Mongolian from Ma Su Lagu (Su Mo's son, Xiaozhuang's personal maid), learned riding and shooting from Manchu masters, and received Confucian education from Han masters. Therefore, Kangxi's cultural thought was influenced by Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese Confucianism and the West.