Bian Que was born in Zheng, Bohai County (now xinzheng city, Zhengzhou, Henan Province), or Luyi, Qi State (now Changqing District, Jinan City, Shandong Province), and was also recorded as a native of Bohai County (now Renqiu County, Hebei Province). "Bian Que" is not a real name. People compared him with Bian Que in the Yellow Emperor and called him "Mr. Bian Que". Even the history books call him Bian Que. Bian Que's original surname is Qin, and his surname is Yue. Born from 47 BC to 31 BC, about the same time as Confucius. Bian Que is a famous physician in the history of China, and the first one with a formal biography in history. He wrote Neijing and Waijing, and invented the four diagnostic methods (namely, looking, smelling, asking and feeling).
Bian Que can study medicine with a realistic attitude, and learn from folk medical experience. He has made great achievements in medicine and enjoys a high reputation among the people. Bian Que has been practicing medicine among the people for a long time, and has traveled to Qi, Zhao, Wei, Zheng and Qin countries.
In 31 BC, Li Mi, a doctor of Qin Dynasty who was jealous of his talent, sent an ambush on Mount Xiao to assassinate Bian Que at the age of 97.
In hundred schools of thought, apart from practical academic studies such as military strategists and doctors, only Confucianism and Taoism have truly spread to later generations. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, stands out in hundred schools of thought because of inheriting the cultural orthodoxy of the Central Plains for three generations. As a result, Confucianism not only occupies a prominent position in hundred schools of thought, but also becomes the mainstream and core content of traditional culture, which has an unparalleled influence on the formation of Chinese national spirit. In addition, Confucianism also has a great influence on the cultures of North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and other East Asian countries and regions, forming the so-called Confucian cultural circle, and Confucianism also has a certain influence on world culture.
The influence of Taoism on Chinese culture is second only to that of Confucianism. First of all, the prosperous period of ancient China often appeared in the period when Taoism ruled the country. Secondly, the Taoist legal view of "ruling by custom" and advocating "simplicity and equality" became one of the norms for later generations to formulate laws. As for military affairs, science and technology, literature and art, Chinese medicine, martial arts, tea ceremony, etc., it is almost the world of Taoism. In contrast, the influence of Confucianism is much smaller. Taoism also has a profound influence on Japanese culture. The long-term spread and deposition of Taoism in Japan has become one of the important contents of Japanese traditional culture. Fu Yong Guang, a famous Japanese scholar, even thinks: "Chinese studies (referring to Japanese culture, not Confucianism) and Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy have * * * commonality." As for the influence of Taoism on western culture, it is incomparable to Confucianism. According to the statistics of western scholars, since 1816, there have been more than 25 kinds of Tao Te Ching published in various western languages, and now one or two new versions are published almost every year. According to the statistics of UNESCO, Tao Te Ching ranks second among the world cultural masterpieces translated into foreign languages with the largest circulation, second only to the Bible. On Google's website, there are more Taoism (Heaven Thought) than "naturallaw". In the book search column of Amazon, the largest shopping website in the United States, you can get nearly 8, search results by entering English words related to Tao, Tao and Taoist, most of which are English works.
Regarding the classification of hundred schools of thought's factions, Sima Tan listed six schools. "It is the key point of the six schools: Yi Da Chuan:' The world is unanimous and all concerns, and the same goal leads to different paths. "Fu Yin Yang, Confucianism, Mohism, fame, law, morality, this service is also for those who govern" ("Preface of Historical Records Taishigong"). Liu Xin's "Seven Outlooks" in the History of Han Dynasty can be divided into ten schools: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Fa, Ming, Mo, Zongheng, Miscellaneous, Agriculture and Novel. Apart from novelists, they are called "nine schools and ten schools".
philosophers are the general name of political schools because their basic purpose is to provide political strategies for the monarch. Confucianism advocates transforming the people with morality; Taoism advocates governing by doing nothing; Legalists advocate that credit must be punished; Mohism advocates universal love for Shang Tong; Famous scholars advocate respecting and suppressing soldiers. After the Han Dynasty, Mohists and famous artists became juexue, farmers became a technical subject independently, and Yin and Yang scholars evolved into mysterious magic. Therefore, only Confucianism, Taoism and France had an impact on the politics of the later unified dynasty.
many of hundred schools of thought's thoughts have left a profound inspiration for future generations. Such as Confucian "benevolent politics" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"; Mencius' ancient democratic thought; Dialectics of Taoism; Mohist scientific thought; Materialist thought of legalists; Military thoughts of military strategists still shine today. Even the master of sophistry created the field of logic in the history of China's philosophy. We can and should learn from the vigorous and promising spirit of Confucianism to motivate ourselves to be angry and strive for strength; Learn from the Confucian spirit of loyalty to the country to cultivate their patriotic feelings; Learn from the Confucian spirit of "controlling benefits with righteousness" to enlighten yourself to treat material interests correctly, and learn from the Confucian spirit of benevolence to cultivate your noble sentiment of loving the people; Learn from the Confucian concept of integrity to cultivate one's self-esteem and self-reliant independent personality; Also learn from Mohism's "universal love", "Shang Xian" and "frugality"; Taoism's "less selfish desires" and "Taoism is natural"; Legalists' thoughts of "abolishing private public" and so on.