Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. Which five dynasties and ten countries?

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-979) is a period in the history of China, from the demise of the Tang Dynasty to the unification of China in the Song Dynasty. This period is divided into five dynasties (907-960) and ten countries (907-979). The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are essentially the continuation of the separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty and the politics in the late Tang Dynasty. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, each buffer region became an independent country. Among them, the buffer region with strong military strength in the north was the Five Dynasties, and some of it was established by the Shatuo people. Although the Five Powers were powerful, they were unable to control the whole of China, and they were just a court of buffer region type. Other separatist regions have some independent emperors, and some have five generations of suzerain countries. Among them, ten countries with a long history and strong national strength are collectively called the Ten Countries. During this period, the local power factions often rebelled and seized positions, which made the war protracted and the rulers emphasized military power. The civil strife in China also brought the opportunity for the Khitan State to invade the south, and the Liao State was established [reference 1]. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is an important period in the history of China, during which Hexi and Jiaotoe gradually separated, and Jiaotoe (Viet Nam) finally became independent from China. There are three dynasties in the Five Dynasties: Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houfriday. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty to establish Hou Liang, which was the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Li, the son of Li Keyong in Taiyuan, destroyed the back beams and founded the Tang Dynasty. The five emperors after the late Tang Dynasty were all descendants and subordinates of Li Keyong. After expansion and rectification, Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty became strong in national strength. However, after the civil strife, Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to attack and destroy, and the latter was established. Soon the relationship between Qi and Jin deteriorated, and the Qidan army went south to destroy the latter Jin and establish the Liao Dynasty. At the same time, Liu Zhiyuan established the later Han Dynasty in Taiyuan and recovered the Central Plains. After Guo Wei usurped the post-Han Dynasty and established the post-Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong painstakingly managed it, which made the hope of unifying the whole country in the post-Zhou Dynasty dim, but Chai Rong died unfortunately when he was in the northern expedition to sixteen states. The following Zhou Dynasty was usurped by Zhao Kuangyin, and the Five Dynasties ended.

Among the ten countries, Wu is the strongest in the south of the Yangtze River, and then Li Jue usurped the throne, establishing the Southern Tang Dynasty, followed by wuyue and Fujian. Huguang was occupied by Jingnan, Chu and Nanhan. Southern Tang Dynasty had the strongest national power, and Fujian and Chu were attacked and destroyed one after another. However, because of the repeated use of troops, the national strength declined and was finally defeated by the following week. There are pre-Shu and post-Shu in Shu, and the country is rich and strong, second only to the Southern Tang Dynasty. However, it indulged in happiness and eventually died in the Central Plains. Northern Han Dynasty is the only ten countries in the north, which was built by descendants of Liu in the later Han Dynasty. After Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty (known as the Northern Song Dynasty in history), he and his younger brother Song Taizong swept the pack, and finally unified China in 979, ending the Ten Kingdoms.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms generally continued the political system of the late Tang Dynasty, but many officials were "envoys". Among them, five generations changed a lot, and official positions were not often abandoned. There are mainly three provinces and six departments in charge of administration, three departments in charge of finance and the Privy Council in charge of military affairs. This system was inherited by the Song Dynasty. Although some of the ten regimes belonged to the Five Dynasties, their political structure was roughly equivalent to that of the Five Dynasties. Because local time was out of control, they often betrayed the central government, so the imperial court strengthened the imperial military to suppress local forces. In order to resist the phenomenon of military intervention in politics since the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty adopted the policy of strengthening cadres and weakening branches. In terms of diplomacy, during the Tang Dynasty, Hu and Han merged, and foreigners moved around China one after another. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty and the entry into the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, some foreign nationalities appeared, such as the Five Dynasties established by Shatuo, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty and the later Han Dynasty. The Khitans first established the Khitan State, and the Liao Dynasty was established after the Jin Dynasty was destroyed in the south. There are other Tangut people. All these had a far-reaching impact on the international situation in the Song Dynasty.

Due to civil strife, foreign invasion and natural disasters in the north, the ten southern countries are superior to the five northern countries in population, economy, culture and science and technology. This is also the moment when South China's economy once again surpassed North China, and this situation has never been reversed since then. In order to develop the economy, the ten countries attach importance to water conservancy construction and cash crops, and develop trade, tea and textiles. Qiantang River Shitang was also built during this period. Due to the economic collapse in Guanzhong, Kaifeng, the hub of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties, was the base of the Five Dynasties. The fall of the capital and sixteen states affected the military and economy of the Song Dynasty. Culturally, this period is a crucial period for the development of Ci, and Zen has also entered its heyday. In the Five Dynasties, the woodblock printing of Nine Classics was carried out, and many Confucian classics were preserved. In painting, both North and South have their own uniqueness.

Five Dynasties-Hou Liang (907-923)

Taizu Zhu Wen (852-9 12)

In 907, he proclaimed himself emperor for six years.

Zhu Wen, who took part in the Huang Chao Uprising in 877, betrayed the rebel army and became a government official in the Tang Dynasty. Then he killed Emperor Tang Zhaodi, abandoned self-reliance and set up a back beam. Throughout the dynasties, no emperor, like Zhu Wen, was destroyed by himself within a few years after the establishment of the dynasty. The reason is "picking up ashes." Zhu robbed his daughter-in-law and was killed by his son Zhu at the age of 6 1.

Wang Ying Zhu Guiyou

(-9 13) 9 12 acceded to the throne for 8 months, the son of Zhu Wen. In 9 12, he killed Zhu Wen Zili and was later killed by Zhu Youzhen at the age of 30.

The last emperor Zhu Youzhen.

He ascended the throne in (888-923)9 13, and Zhu Youzhen and Zhu Wen's third son in 10. In 9 13, he killed Wang Ying and became independent. In 923, he was destroyed by the later Tang Dynasty at the age of 36.

Five Dynasties-Late Tang Dynasty (923-936)

Li (885-926)

In 923, he proclaimed himself emperor for three years.

Li, his father Li Keyong, was made King of Jin in the Tang Dynasty. After his death, Li attacked him. In 923, he proclaimed himself emperor, established the later Tang Dynasty, and made Luoyang his capital. After he proclaimed himself emperor, he overhauled his palace, recruited beautiful women and tortured them indiscriminately. In 926, he was killed by a court actor at the age of 42.

Ming Di

(867-9 13)

In 926, he ascended the throne for seven years. Adopted son of Li Siyuan, Ming Di and Li Keyong. In 926, Li Zong died in 933 at the age of 67.

Emperor Yu

(9 14-934)

In 933, he ascended the throne for four months and became Li Conghou, the fifth son of Ming Di. 2 1 year-old was killed by Li Congke.

The Last Emperor

(876-936)

In 934, he ascended the throne. At the end of three years, Li Congke and Ming Di adopted their son. In 936, Shi Jingtang led the Khitan to attack the later Tang Dynasty, and the last emperor set himself on fire at the age of 6 1. Died in the late Tang Dynasty.

Five Dynasties-Late Jin Dynasty (936-946)

Gaozu Shi Jingtang (892-942)

In 936, he proclaimed himself emperor for seven years.

Shi Jingtang, son-in-law of Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty. In 936, Yan, Yun Sixteen States and Liao were ceded, and Khitan Yeludeguang, who was 1 1 younger than himself, was adopted as his father. Emperor Otsu, named by the Khitan, was a shameless traitor and notorious for thousands of years. He died in 942 at the age of 5 1.

Chudi

(9 14-964)

(942-946) reigned for 4 years and became the emperor of Shi Zhonggui and Shi Jingtang. Strengthen the extortion of the people after the accession to the throne. At the beginning of 947, Qidan invaded Kaifeng, died in the Jin Dynasty, and was humiliated by the emperor. He died in 964 at the age of 5 1.

Five Dynasties-Later Han Dynasty (947-950)

Gaozu Liu Zhiyuan (895-948)

He became emperor in 946 and reigned 1 year.

Liu Zhiyuan was appointed as our envoy to Hedong in the late Jin Dynasty. In 947, the Khitan was trapped in Kaifeng and proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan, establishing the later Han Dynasty. Liu Zhiyuan, a military commander, did not know how to govern the country, and appointed cruel officials, which made the later Han Dynasty the shortest regime in the Five Dynasties. He died in 948 at the age of 54. The Peking Opera White Rabbit tells the story of Liu Zhiyuan.

Yin Di

(930-950)

In 948, Yin Di ascended the throne for three years, and Liu Chengyou was the son of Gaozu. In 950, Guo Wei invaded Kaifeng, and later Han died. Yin Di died at the age of 2 1 year.

Five Dynasties-Later Zhou Dynasty (95 1-960)

Taizu Guo Wei (904-954)

95 1 year, proclaimed himself emperor for 4 years.

Guo Wei, an envoy of the later Han and Tang Dynasties, invaded Kaifeng in 950 and proclaimed himself emperor in 95 1, establishing the later Zhou Dynasty. He received a good education among the five emperors, and was able to recruit talented people, get rid of disadvantages and keep frugality. He died in 954 at the age of 5 1.

Sejong Guo Rong

(92 1-959)

In 954, he ascended the throne for six years. Guo Rong is Guo Wei's adopted son. After he ascended the throne, he successfully carried out political reforms. The history books say that "Zhou Shizong was a heroic hero, and it was only five or six years ago that the mighty voice shook the summer, which can be described as a temporary sage." He died in 959 at the age of 39.

Miyagi

(950-973)

(959.6-960. 1) was in office for less than 1 year. He was only seven years old when he ascended the throne. Zhao Kuangyin, the leader of the Imperial Army, launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny" and founded the Song Dynasty. He died in 973 at the age of 24.

Top Ten Kingdom-Qianshu (89 1-925)

great-great-grandfather

(847-9 18)

Shu was in power in 89 1 year, and reigned in 17 year.

High-impedance Wang Jian, in 903, Tang Zhaozong made him King of Shu. In 907, the state of Shu was established, which was known in history. 9/kloc-died in 0/8 at the age of 72.

The last king or emperor of a short-lived dynasty.

(899-925)

In the eighth year of 9 18, Wang Yan and Wang Jianzi were in power. He was lewd and lewd, and was destroyed by the later Tang Dynasty. He was 28 when he died.

Ten Kingdoms-Houshu (925-965)

great-great-grandfather

(874-934)

In 934, he proclaimed himself emperor for half a year.

Gaozu Meng Zhixiang, our envoy in the later Tang Dynasty. He proclaimed himself emperor in 934 and died six months later. He is 6 1 year old.

The last king or emperor of a short-lived dynasty.

(9 19-965)

In 934, 30 years after he ascended the throne, Meng Changjun was the third son of Gaozu. In 965, Song Jun entered Shu and died in Shu.

Ten countries-Wu (892-937)

Taizu

(852-905)

In 892, he served as the ambassador of Huainan Province, and was in office for 14 years.

Yang Xingmi, Mao, was appointed Minister in Huainan in 892. In 902, Tang Zhaozong made him King of Wu. He died in 905 at the age of 54.

Liezu

(887-909)

In 905, he ascended the throne for three years, and his first ancestor, Mr. Yang, was great grandfather. In 905, he succeeded to the throne of Wu Wang, and was killed by Xu Wen in 909. At the age of 23.

great-great-grandfather

(897-920)

In 9 10, he ascended the throne in 1 10. Yang Longyan, the second son of Taizu. He died in 920 at the age of 24.

Ruizu

(90 1-938)

In 920 17, he ascended the throne, and Yang Pu, the fourth son of Taizu. In 937, Xu Zhisheng abolished Ruidi's independence, established Nantang, and Wu died.

Ten Kingdoms-Southern Tang Dynasty (937-975)

Liezu

(888-943)

In 937, he proclaimed himself emperor for six years.

The fierce ancestor Li Bian, that is, Xu. Yang Xingmi's seme. After the abolition of Wu Zhu, the Southern Tang Dynasty was established, and the policy of sharing interest with the people was implemented after he ascended the throne. But he often took Dan medicine and died of poisoning. At the age of 56.

Yuan Zong

(9 16-96 1)

In 943, he ascended the throne. Li Jing, Yuan Zong, 19. The eldest son of his ancestors was a fatuous and incompetent emperor. But his poems and calligraphy are very good. Its "small building blows through jade and calms the cold" is a famous sentence throughout the ages. He died in 19961at the age of 46.

The last king or emperor of a short-lived dynasty.

(937-978)

In 19961year, he ascended the throne. 14 years, Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, the sixth son of Li Jing. He is politically incompetent. But the achievements of poetry are extremely high. I also appreciate his works. In 974, Song Jun destroyed Nantang. Li Yu was killed in 978. At the age of 42.

Shikoku-Fujian

909 -945 (including 943 -945)

King Mao was absent from 909 to 925.

-Wang Wuyi in 925-926

Emperor Taizong Wang 926-935 933-935 Yonghe 935.

Kang Zong-Wang Jipeng 935 -939 Universal Text 936 -939

Wang 939 -944 Yonglong 939 -944

—— Tian Dedi () Wang 943 -945 Tian Dedi 943 -945

Shikoku Chu

Ma Su, King Wu Mu, 897 -930.

Hengyang Wang Ma Xisheng, 930 -932

Ma Xifan, King Zhao Wen, 932 -947

Ma Xiguang was deposed from 947 to 950.

In 950 AD, Wang Ma Xi, the filial piety.

Ma Xichong 950 -95 1 year

Shikoku-South Korea

Gaozu Liu Li 9 17 -925, Ganheng 9 17 -925, Bailong 925 -928, 928 -94 1 year, no loss, Liu Jue 94 1 year-94/kloc-0.

Liu Sheng, Emperor Guangsheng of Zhongzong Wu Wen, reigned in 943 and from 943 to 958.

The last master was liuyong, 958 -97 1 year, and Dabao, 958 -97 1 year.

Shikoku-Nanping-Jingnan

Gao Jixing, Wu Xinguo Wang, 909 -928

Literature King Gao Conghui 928 -948

Wang Zhenyi Gaobaorong 948 -960

Shi Zhongguo Bao Xu 960 -962

Gao Jichong 962 -963

Ten countries-wuyue

Taizu Wusu Qianliu 904 -932 Tianbao 908 -923

Baoda 923 -925

Bao Zheng 925 -932

Sejong wenyuanyin 932 -94 1 year.

Cheng quoted money left 94 1 -947 none.

No loyalty, no money, no money.

No loyalty, Qian Chu, 947 -978.

Shikoku-Northern Han Dynasty

Emperor Liu Min, ancestor of God, 95 1 -954.

Rui Zongxiao and Liu Chengjun worked in 954 -970 and Tianhui worked in 954 -957 -970.

Master, there is no Liu Ji 'en. In 970, nothing.

Liu Jiyuan, British Emperor Wu 970 -982 Guangyun 970 -982