Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When I was a teenager, I attended Jiangnan Naval Academy and got excellent results in the first semester. The school awarded him a gold medal. He immediately took it to the street of Nanjing Gulou and sold it. Then he bought some books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it's cold at night and he can't stand reading at night, he picks a pepper and chews it in his mouth, making his forehead sweat. In this way, he insisted on studying. After studying hard, he finally became a famous writer in China.
"Galileo"
/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Galileo was admitted to the University of Pisa as a medical major. He likes asking questions and won't stop until he gets to the bottom of it.
Once in class, Professor Biro gave a lecture on embryology. He said: "Whether a mother gives birth to a boy or a girl is determined by her father's strength. When the father is strong, the mother gives birth to a boy; If the father is weak, the mother will have a daughter. "
As soon as Professor Biro's voice dropped, Galileo raised his hand and said, "Teacher, I have a question."
Professor Biro said unhappily, "You ask too many questions! You are a student. Listen carefully to the teacher in class, take more notes, don't think about it, it's easy to ask questions, which will affect students' study! " "This is not thinking, and it is not easy to ask questions. My neighbor, the man is very strong, but his wife has given birth to five daughters in a row. This is just the opposite of what the teacher said. How do you explain this? "Galileo was not intimidated by Professor Biro and continued to ask questions.
"I said it according to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek scholar, and it can't be wrong!" Professor Biro moved out the theoretical basis and tried to convince him.
Galileo went on to say, "Is it necessary for Aristotle to insist that what he said is true? Science must conform to the facts, otherwise it is not real science. " Professor Biro was stumped by this question and could not step down.
Later Galileo was criticized by the school, but his spirit of persistence, curiosity and pursuit of truth has not changed at all. Because of this, he finally became a generation of science masters.
Guo Moruo
Guo Moruo once wrote a reading couplet: "Reading is not in the middle of the night and five drums, but I am afraid that I will expose myself to ten cold." This means that you should study hard at ordinary times and not work overtime on a whim. If you want to succeed, you must persevere, never be diligent and slack, and fish for three days and dry the net for two days.
Hua
Hua divides the reading process into two stages: from thick to thin and from thin to thick. When you really have a thorough understanding of the content of the book, grasp the main points of the book, and master the spiritual essence of the book, reading will change from thick to thin, and the more you read, the more you feel thin. If in the process of reading, you discuss each chapter in depth, add notes on each page and supplement the reference materials, then the book will become thicker and thicker. So reading is a two-way process from thick to thin and from thin to thick.
Marx
Be sure to read in a targeted manner. Whenever he thinks the book is important and valuable, he extracts it and takes notes. Although Marx was displaced all his life, his economy was often in trouble and his life was very difficult. But he still overcame all kinds of difficulties and persisted in reading and scientific research.
Li Dazhao
Comrade Li Dazhao studied very hard since childhood. In his early years, he was quick-thinking, able to write good poems and became famous in the village. Some stories about his efforts and eagerness to learn at that time are still beautiful in his hometown.
When he was seven years old, his grandfather sent him to Danziao, a teacher in nearby Huanghuakou village, to study. At that time, I was studying for the imperial examination. I studied four books and five classics. When I first entered school, I had to study for a period of time. Comrade Dazhao skipped the primary school stage and read the "Four Books" with older children as soon as he entered school. Although these books promoting Confucius and Mencius were old-fashioned, even the so-called "new learning" of bourgeois democracy had not been popularized in Comrade Dazhao's hometown at that time, so we could only learn preliminary cultural knowledge through these books. Comrade Dazhao studies very hard. He is the youngest of his classmates, but he studies the hardest, so he is the best. After school, all the other students went home. He stayed in his seat and recited. He often asked the teacher to urge him several times: "Go home next year!" " "I want to go back.
Zi Shan likes this clever and diligent student very much. He often stood outside the window, listening to young Comrade Dazhao help his classmates recite and explain, nodding and praising. Comrade Dazhao was born a fool. As a teenager, his name was Shou Chang. It was this old gentleman who gave the scientific name of the old year. Old age means long life. Until later, Zi Shan often said to people: "I have taught all my life, and the most proud student in this life is Li Qinian!" "
Love thinking and asking questions are also the characteristics of Comrade Dazhao's childhood study. Even daily problems, he doesn't let go easily, and always tries to get to the bottom of them. Once reading, I asked my cousin:
"What do you think of this?"
I can't read.
"Why can't you read?"
"I didn't go to school."
"Why don't you go to school?"
"I am a woman, I don't take the test for a scholar!"
But he kept asking:
"Woman, why don't you study?" ……
In this way, the child came into contact with a big social problem.
Comrade Dazhao has the courage to accept correct guidance and correct his mistakes since he was a child. At that time, gambling was quite popular in Daheituo village. Behind the old mother temple in the village, there are often a group of people gambling there. Comrade Dazhao once came home from school and went to the old mother temple to watch the fun. When his grandfather found out, he reprimanded him and fined him for counting cars. Comrade Dazhao knew the disadvantages of gambling and never went to the old mother temple to watch gambling again. From now on, he will never go to gambling again.
Comrade Dazhao has made rapid progress in his studies. After studying in Huanghuakou Village for three years, Zi Shan ao suggested to his grandfather, "I can't teach any more, so I'd better invite another teacher!" Later, Comrade Dazhao went to Xiaohaituo Village to learn from scholar Zhao Huidou, and then to Jingjiatuo Song Family to learn from a teacher named Huang Yutang, until he was admitted to Yongpingfu Middle School at the age of sixteen.
Comrade Dazhao studies harder and harder. When I was studying in Jingjiatuo, there were more than twenty students. In the evening, everyone else is asleep, and he is still studying tirelessly, reading until midnight every day. Many years later, Huang Yutang's sister still remembers that when her brother came home, he kept chanting: "There was a student named Li Junian who studied very well!"
Because the family was short of hands, Comrade Dazhao was married by his grandfather when he was ten years old. Mrs Zhao Renlan is six years older than Comrade Dazhao. She is a virtuous woman. In the days to come, she worked hard to do housework and help Comrade Dazhao. She thinks Comrade Dazhao did the right thing. No matter how difficult his family is, he always sponsors and supports his activities.
1905, Comrade Dazhao was admitted to Yongpingfu Middle School. At this time, in order to maintain its reactionary rule, the Qing government had to make some superficial improvements and implement the so-called abolition of imperial examinations and running schools. Comrade Dazhao was originally a scholar, but he was catching up with this change and was admitted to middle school. At that time, the study abroad network was like being admitted to a scholar. The village is still busy loading iron cannons, posting declaration forms and taking freight cars.
In Yongpingfu Middle School, Comrade Dazhao is still diligent and tireless. He ranks among the best in every exam and rarely plays in his spare time. He is a famous good student in his class.
Zhang Guanghou
Mathematician Zhang Guanghou once saw a paper about deficient value, and thought it was very useful for his research work, so he read it again and again. This paper has more than 20 pages, and he has read it repeatedly for more than half a year. Because of repeated groping, clear black marks were left on the white pages. His wife joked with him that it was not reading, but eating books.
[Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)
His success is inseparable from the habit of self-study he developed since childhood. 1 1 years old, he finished reading a set of popular science books and became interested in science. /kloc-at the age of 0/2, he taught himself Euclid geometry. In addition, compared with modern children, he paid special attention to the reading of philosophy and began to teach himself Kant's philosophy at the age of 13. He also focused on the study of physics according to his own characteristics, ambitions and interests. As a result, he really made great achievements in physics. Einstein didn't engage in unnecessary rote learning when he was reading, and he often liked to discuss with his classmates, which made him feel the complementary fun.
Yu
Yu is a famous cultural scholar. His works "Cultural Journey" and "China's Context" have aroused great repercussions in the society. The profound thinking and understanding of China culture in the book has attracted many people's attention. But you know, this is closely related to Mr. Yu's study time when he was a child.
Yu spent his childhood in Qiaotou Town, Yuyao County. Life in the countryside is simple, poor and happy. My mother in Shanghai is almost the only literate person in the village, and she runs a free literacy class in the village. When Yu was a child, she played with her mother and even knew many words.
At the age of 4, Yu walked into a rural primary school with a schoolbag on his back. There is a library in primary school, which contains dozens of fairy tales and folk stories, which is very attractive. But how can dozens of books satisfy hundreds of students? The teacher came up with a way to borrow books and write 100 with a brush. Yu's brush strokes laid the foundation at that time. When he recalled those days, he said, "It was with my pen and ink that I gained the right to appreciate Andersen's fairy tales, Grimm's fairy tales and Aesop's fables. To this day, I am very respectful when reading any book. This is a habit that I developed since I was a child. "
When Yu 1 1 years old, his family moved to Shanghai in order to give him a better future. Yu was admitted to the middle school in the poster.
The middle school library is not small, but there is a long queue to borrow books every day. Nine times out of ten, all the books I want to borrow are lent out. Later, I asked around and finally learned that it was convenient to borrow books in a place called "Shanghai Youth Palace Library", so I immediately got a library card. The Youth Palace is located at No.200 Jiangxi Middle Road, near the Bund. It was a hard time, and people didn't have enough to eat every day. After dinner, I walked for more than an hour before arriving at the Youth Palace. He was hungry on the way. When he arrived at the library, it was less than an hour before people closed. It is not easy to borrow books from the library of Youth Palace, so I can only read them there. Less than an hour, when I found the book, I had only half an hour left. How many pages can I read? However, just for these pages, a 13-year-old boy walks hungry for more than an hour every day, and then walks home for more than an hour after reading it. How can this hungry reading spirit not make people moved?
It was the hard study time in his youth that laid a solid foundation for his future cultural journey. In Yu's article "The Elder", we also saw Yu's cynical reading when he was young. During the period of 1975, the world was in chaos. At the age of 29, Yu returned to his hometown for illness due to hepatitis. With the help of his tutor, Mr. Sheng, he was assigned to a library in Fenghua Mountain, and absorbed in reading books such as Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Twenty-four History and Four Series, which were hard to find at that time. It's just that God intends to make Yu look like Jin Yong's characters. It is not enough to have expert guidance, but also to get some kind of "martial arts secret" in the cave in the mountain. This kind of reading is undoubtedly important for Yu, because it just complements the guidance of his teacher in Shanghai Theatre Academy, forming two wings: guiding him to contact with western culture, and this time he entered the vast history of China.
As for the method of reading, there is a famous theory of "being afraid of friends": "We should try our best to find friends who are taller than ourselves, so that reading can become a friendly and enterprising activity that requires a lot of brain power. Try to reduce the reading level that is basically the same as your current level, and be willing to accept the shaping of yourself by good books. There may be books of different grades on our shelves, which are suitable for intensive reading, not books that we can ignore and look up, but books that we need to look up. "
Gu Yanwu
"Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." This famous saying was first put forward by Gu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Gu studied hard since he was a child. Enlightened at the age of 6, 10 began to read history books and literary masterpieces. 1 1 years old, his grandfather Li asked him to finish the History as a Mirror, and warned: "Now some people just browse the outline and other books to save trouble, thinking that everything is fine. I don't think this is worth taking. " These words made Gu realize that reading and studying is an honest thing and must be treated seriously and faithfully. Gu Qin was diligent in reading, and he adopted the measures of "self-examination reading": First, he set himself the number of volumes that must be read every day; Secondly, he limited himself to copying the books he finished reading every day. After he finished reading Purple Tongzhi Sword, one book became two books. Third, ask yourself to take notes and write down your experiences every time you read a book. Some of his reading notes were later incorporated into the famous book Rizhilu; Finally, every spring and autumn, he will review the books he read in the first half of the year, read them silently, and ask people to read them aloud. If differences are found, he will check them immediately. He stipulated that he would spend 200 pages a day like this and never rest until he finished reviewing.
Su Dongpo
Su Dongpo is knowledgeable, and he has a set of divide-and-conquer reading methods. He believes that every book you read is enough to understand and digest a problem; Read it again and again, and you can master everything. The content of a book is very rich, but people's energy is limited, so it is impossible to absorb it all at once, and they can only concentrate on one aspect. For example, if you want to explore the reasons for the rise and fall of dynasties, read it from this angle; To explore historical allusions, read them again from another angle. Although this method is a bit stupid, it can stand the test in all aspects.
Shen Congwen
Shen Congwen was a famous literary master in the Republic of China, and his literary works were widely praised by the world. As a child, Shen Congwen studied hard and showed an outstanding literary temperament.
On one occasion, Xiao Shen Congwen skipped class and slipped to a neighboring village to watch a big play. He didn't go home until the sun went down.
The next day, the teacher asked him why he skipped class. Shen Congwen prevaricated and couldn't answer. The teacher punished him and made him kneel under a big tree in the yard. He said, "Look, this nanmu tree is growing every day. You just don't want to make progress, but are willing to be a worthless dwarf."
On the third day, the teacher called him again and said to him, "Everyone is studying hard, but you secretly went to the theatre." Although I humiliated you yesterday, it was for your own good. Only when a person respects himself can he gain the respect of others. "
The teacher's words moved Shen Congwen to tears. He secretly vowed that he must remember this lesson and be a respected person.
Since then, Shen Congwen has been strict with himself, living up to the teacher's teaching and becoming a great writer.
Mao Zedong
For decades, Chairman Mao has been very busy, but he always finds time, even a minute, to study. His former residence in Zhongnanhai is a sea of books. Books are everywhere on the bookcase, desk, dining table and coffee table in the bedroom. All the beds are occupied by books except the place where one person lies. In order to study, Chairman Mao spent all available time. A few minutes before swimming, I sometimes have to read some famous poems. After swimming, I forgot to rest, so I picked up the book again. He never wastes even a few minutes in the toilet. The Selected Works of Zhaoming, the second edition of Song Xichun, and other books and periodicals were all completed intermittently during this period. Read a little today and a little tomorrow.
Chairman Mao often goes to boxes and books when he goes out for meetings or inspections. The train shook and bumped on the way, and he completely ignored it. He always keeps reading with a magnifying glass in one hand and a page in the other. In other places, like Beijing, there are books on the bed, desk, coffee table and dining table, which seem to be free.
Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he still insisted on studying. He reread a set of hardcover Complete Works of Lu Xun and many other books and periodicals published before liberation and brought to Beijing from Yan 'an. On one occasion, Chairman Mao had a fever of over 39 degrees, and the doctor forbade him to read books. He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, and now you don't let me study, and you make me lie here all day eating and sleeping. You know how hard it is for me! The staff had to put the books they had taken next to him, and he smiled happily.
Kuang Heng
Kuang Heng, whose real name is Gui Zhi, was born in the East China Sea in the Western Han Dynasty (the name of Han County, now the sea area east of Pixian County in Jiangsu Province and the sea area east of Ziyang County in Lianshan East Province). He was born in a peasant family, and his grandfather and father were farmers for generations. To Kuang Heng, but I like reading. When he was young, his family was poor. He makes a living as an employee during the day and only has time to study at night. But the family is too poor to light candles. The lights and candles next door are on, but they can't shine. Kuang Heng figured out a way to cut a hole in the wall next door, steal some light from it, and let the light from next door shine in. He is reading with a book in his hand, reflecting the light in front of the hole.
Sun Yixian
1908, Dr. Sun Yat-sen drifted to London, England.
This news immediately attracted the attention of some overseas Chinese and China students. Some of these people are devout and some are curious. They all want to meet the famous revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen.. Some pedantic people speculate that Sun Yat-sen must be an illiterate "chivalrous man".
It was not until I met Dr. Sun Yat-sen that I realized that he was a great man with profound knowledge and amazing diligence.
At that time, after a tortuous journey, Mr. Zhongshan didn't have any money left, and he couldn't even eat a bite of bread. As a result, some enthusiastic international students gave generously. You contribute, I contribute, and give Dr. Sun Yat-sen 30 to 40 Jin to temporarily support his basic life. Unexpectedly, when people visited him again three days later, they found that he had bought many new books with the money. As soon as they met, Dr. Sun Yat-sen pointed to the book and told everyone with relish what book it was, what book it was, how good it was and how important it was. Everyone was dumbfounded when they saw this scene. Some people were frightened by Mr. Zhongshan's studious spirit, while others complained that he should not spend the money on bread on books.
How do these people know? In Mr. Sun Yat-sen's view, books are much more important than bread. He once said, "Apart from revolution, my hobby in my life is to study hard. I can't live without studying for a day. "
Indeed, in Dr. Sun Yat-sen's life, he always puts his hand on it every day except eating and doing things, whether at work or on vacation. He can travel without luggage, but he always takes some newly published books with him. Even if he is supervising the war on the line of fire, he will bring many books and magazines to the command post. As soon as the military work stops, he will take the book in his hand and read it slowly.
He once said to a friend, "For decades, because of the revolution, I have no fixed place to live. Read the books you buy every year and give them to your friends. As for the types and quantity of books I read, I don't remember clearly. About the time of my revolution, it cost at least four or five thousand yuan to buy books every year; If the revolution is very busy, the book fee will not be too much, only about two or three thousand yuan. "
Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang studied the art of war with Mr. Shui Jing who lived in seclusion in the south of Xiangyang when he was young. Mr. Shuijing keeps a rooster. When the rooster crowed three times at noon, Mr. Shuijing dismissed the class. Zhuge Liang doesn't like this lecture very much.
Later, he thought of a way to sew a pocket on his trousers and put a few handfuls of millet in his pocket every day when he went to school. Near noon, he quietly sprinkled a handful of millet out of the window. When the cock saw the millet in Huang Cancan, he was too lazy to crow and pecked. Just after pecking, Zhuge Liang sprinkled another handful until he finished sprinkling the millet in his pocket.
When the rooster finished eating the millet in his pocket before crowing, Mr. Shuijing talked for another hour, which made his teacher's mother hungry. After a long time, he couldn't help complaining: why did he get it so late? I didn't know I was hungry until after noon!
Didn't you hear the cock crow? Mr. water mirror said.
Teacher Niang is a smart person and knows there must be secrets in it.
At noon the next day, she quietly came to the yard. Just as the cock with a flower neck was about to cran its neck to crow, someone sprinkled a handful of millet from the window of the study. She went up to him, looked at it carefully, and then quietly went home.
On this day, Mr. Shuijing came back, and Teacher Niang said with a smile, you might as well be a gentleman as Xiao Zhuge. So she told Mr. Water Mirror what she had just seen.
Hearing this, Mr. Shuijing laughed again and thought that Zhuge Liang was really smart and would be a genius in the future.
After studying hard, Zhuge Liang finally became an outstanding politician and strategist, and helped Liu Bei establish the Shu-Han regime.
Confucius
Confucius, surnamed Kong, named Qiu, was a famous thinker, educator and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period in China, and also the founder of Confucianism in China. The reason why he became a saint with 3,000 disciples and became famous in the world is inseparable from his efforts as a child. Some people say that "genius comes from hard work".
According to historical records, Confucius' mother taught him to read and write when he was just three years old. By the time he was four years old, he could already read more than 100 words.
One day, his mother said, "Can you recite the words I taught you yesterday?"
Kong Qiu said, "I remember everything."
Mother said, "well, I'll test you tomorrow morning."
Kong Qiu sleeps with his brother. That night, after he went to bed, he said to his younger brother, "Brother, have you remembered everything your mother taught you?"
My brother said, "I remember everything. What about you? "
Kong Qiu said, "I practiced many times and probably memorized them, but I didn't shake hands. My mother will test me tomorrow morning. If she doesn't, she will be very sad. " No, I have to get up and practice more. "
The younger brother was moved by his spirit of studying hard and being filial to his mother. He said with distress, "It's cold. If you don't get up to practice, just write it on your stomach." I can feel right and wrong, so I can check what you wrote! "
So little Kong Qiu wrote on his brother's chest. Whenever you write a word, read it out loud. But the voice grew louder and louder, and when he finished writing the last word, the voice could not be heard. After checking the last sentence, my brother listened to his even breathing and watched him smile sweetly and lovingly.
The next morning, when his mother took the exam, he passed again. The mother was surprised and said, "This child is really amazing. He taught him so many words the day before yesterday, and only one day later, he knew everything. He will surely do great things in the future! "
Kong Qiu looked at her mother's happy face and smiled happily. However, in this smile, there are two lines of tears.
My brother standing by knows him well and knows that behind his superhuman talent, more is my brother's perseverance and hard work.
Ba Jin
The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: "I was hospitalized for the second time. After taking a nap for less than an hour every day, I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain won't rest. Liuxue86.com is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wanted to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declined. "
It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages:
(1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. Ba Jin cited two examples: one was that during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, Leningrad was surrounded by the Germans for a long time, and a young girl wrote such sentences as "So-and-so, Anna karenin" in her diary. There was no electricity and no candles, and the whole city was out of power. Instead of reading, she sat quietly in the dark, recalling the plot in the book. Tolstoy's novels helped her through those terrible nights. Another example is his own personal experience of ten years of civil strife. He said: "If the rebels allowed me to keep a diary during the Cultural Revolution and allowed me to keep a diary according to my own wishes, my diary must be full of titles. People will wonder: my study has been blocked for ten years. Where can I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in people's hearts, which stores things that others can't take away. " These two examples show that you can "read" without normal reading conditions.
(2) Review the past and learn new things. Through memory, take out the books you have read in the past and chew them bit by bit, just like cattle ruminating, which can be further digested and absorbed. Every time I recall, I will have a new understanding, a new understanding and a new harvest.
(3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read. Ba Jin said: "I am now struggling with my illness, and all kinds of works are inspiring me ... Even if I don't have the spirit to read new works during my illness, the spiritual wealth accumulated in the past is enough for my limited rest of my life. Until death, people need light and heat. "