It can be seen from the preface before the poem "Dark Fragrance" that "Sparse Shadow" and "Dark Fragrance" were written at the same time. Maybe after writing "Secret Fragrance", I still had some unfinished ideas, so I wrote another "Sparse Shadow". The predecessors said that the two words are difficult to understand, and "Sparse Shadow" is especially confusing, and it is indeed true. We can compare the two poems. Although "Secret Fragrance" is a tribute to plum blossoms, it does not describe much of the plum blossoms themselves, but instead expresses feelings of nostalgia around the plum blossoms. What he is carrying is his lover, a beautiful woman. She once accompanied the poet to fold plum blossoms under the moon, and she also joined hands with him to admire the West Lake. In "Secret Fragrance", the beauty is a beauty and the plum is a plum. The plum blossom is just a trigger that causes the poet to miss the beautiful woman. It itself has no metaphorical or symbolic meaning. If the meaning of this poem is pushed forward one level and the plum blossoms are given personality, another poem can be translated, which is "Sparse Shadow". In "Sparse Shadows", the poet sometimes compares plum blossoms to a beautiful woman leaning on bamboo alone, and sometimes compares plum blossoms to Zhaojun who misses his homeland. It is not only singing about plum blossoms, but also about singing about beauties. Plum blossoms and beauties are integrated into one.
Predecessors believed that this word had sustenance. Zhang Huiyan said: "At that time, Shihugai had the ambition to hide in seclusion, so he wrote these two words to block it. In the chapter of "Secret Fragrance", he said that he had the ambition to be useful in the world, but now that he is old and incompetent, he can only look forward to Shihu." "Shu Ying" is based on the anger of the two emperors, so there is a sentence about Zhaojun. "Zheng Wenzhuo said in "Selected Poems": "This is because the two emperors were sad and dusty. , the speech was sad. A study of Tang Wang Jian's "Plum Blossoms on the Fortress" poem said: "A plum blossom blooms every year under the yellow clouds on the roadside of Tianshan Mountain. Zhaojun has no Han envoys to return. Who will tie the horse when recruiting people?" The intention should be this." (Zheng's "Songs of Taoist Baishi") The recent scholar Liu Yongji quoted the poem "Eye'ermei" written by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty when Zhao Ji was imprisoned in Hudi: "The people of Huacheng are now desolate, and their spring dreams are in the lake and sand. ? Ren listens to the Qiang pipe and plays "Plum Blossom". "This poem is more obviously composed by the two emperors of Hui and Qin." (A Brief Analysis of the Poems of the Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties) The above statements are all allusions to Zhaojun in the poem. caused. The poet said that the lonely plum blossoms were the soul of Wang Zhaojun returning to the moonlit night, which reminded people of the captivity of the two emperors of Huiqin and their concubines and their longing for their return, and further believed that the whole poem was written with this in mind. Some people think that this association is unfounded. Zhaojun and his relatives came out of the fortress and Emperor Huiqin was kidnapped, and his concubines were reduced to barbaric lands. They were completely different from each other. Wang Jian was from the Tang Dynasty, and his "Yong Mei on the Fortress" has nothing to do with Emperor Song. Song Huizong's "Yan'ermei" was about missing his family and country. Since Wang Zhaojun was not mentioned, it is not certain that Baishi used the allusion of "Yan'ermei". If it is not taken out of context, but read in conjunction with the whole article, it is not difficult to see that the main purpose of the word is to praise the loneliness of plum blossoms. It is written about its loneliness and uses beauty as a metaphor. Of course, it is best to use Zhaojun, which is not surprising.
"The moss branches are decorated with jade. There are small green birds, sleeping together on the branches."
Fan Chengda's "Plum Blossom Book" says: "The ancient plum trees were most abundant in Kuaiji, and there were also some in Wuxing in the Siming Dynasty. Yes. Its branches are twisted in various shapes, green and scaly, and covered with flowers; there are also moss that hang down from the green branches or are several inches long. When the wind blows, the green silk is fluttering and can be played with." The moss-covered branches were dotted with jade-like plum blossoms, and a small kingfisher stayed with her on the branches. This is the appearance of plum blossom. "Jade Bird" is an allusion from "Dragon City Record": During the Sui Dynasty, when Emperor Kaihuang moved to Luofu, Zhao Shixiong met a beautiful woman in the pine forest at dusk, and there was a boy in green singing beside him. "Master Xiong was drunk and asleep, but he felt the wind and cold blowing. After a long time, the east has turned white. When he looked up at the big plum blossom tree, the green feathers were noisy and noisy. He saw the flower god. The moon was setting across the sky, which was just melancholy." The poet explicitly wrote about the beauty of plum blossoms, and secretly used this allusion to set a quiet tone for the whole poem.
"Meet each other in a guest house" The following lines describe the God of Plum Blossoms:
"Meet each other in a guest house, at dusk in the corner of the fence, silently leaning on the bamboos."
This sentence is passed to the author himself. Baishi was a guest at Fan Cheng's house. He saw plum blossoms at Fan's house, so he called it "meeting among guests"; there was bamboo growing next to the plum tree, as Dongpo's poem said: "It is better to have an angled branch outside the bamboo", so it was also called "Meeting in a Guesthouse". Silently, I lean on the bamboo." "Leaning on Xiuzhu" implicitly uses Du Fu's poem "Beauty": "There is a beautiful woman who is unparalleled, living in seclusion in the empty valley. The weather is cold and the green sleeves are thin, and the sun sets on Xiuzhu." "Dusk" implicitly uses Lin Bu's poem "Plum Blossom": " The faint fragrance floats on the moon at dusk." These classics all compare plum blossoms to secluded and noble beauties.
"Zhaojun is not used to Hu Shayuan, but he secretly recalls Jiangnan and Jiangbei. I want to wear a ring and return on a moonlit night, turning into this lonely flower."
The sentence "Zhaojun" uses concrete The ancient beauty imitates plum blossoms.
Why choose Zhaojun? The question is very simple. Plum blossoms bloom in the cold, which makes it easy for people to imagine that she is a beauty with unique beauty in the cold north. Zhaojun married the Huns and lived outside the Great Wall, so she is compared to her. . The sentence "Peihuan" is adapted from a poem about Zhaojun Village in Du Fu's "Ode to Ancient Relics": "Draw a picture to recognize the spring breeze, wear the ring in the sky to return to the moonlit night soul." The poet imagined that Wang Zhaojun's soul returned to his hometown and turned into this lonely plum blossom. Why use the legend of Zhaojun’s soul returning to his homeland? Because Baishi chanted plum blossoms in the south of the Yangtze River, in order to tie in with the facts at hand, he used "Zhaojun is not used to Hu Sha" and then immediately changed the subject and said that Zhaojun "secretly recalled the south and the north of the Yangtze River", and after "returning on a moonlit night", he "turned into This flower is lonely and lonely." Flowers and beauty become one. Shangque is written in three layers, using three allusions (Jingui Qin, Xiuzhu, Zhaojun sentence) to compare the three beauties to plum blossoms, highlighting the plum blossoms and highlighting the "solitude" of the plum blossoms.
The next film changes the angle and depicts the falling plum blossoms:
"I still remember the old things in the palace. The man was sleeping and flew close to the moth green."
< p> "Moth green" refers to a woman's eyebrows. "Taiping Yulan" Volume 30 "Chronological Department" quotes "Miscellaneous Five Elements Script": "Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, was lying under the eaves of Hanzhang Palace on the seventh day of the first lunar month. Plum blossoms fell on the princess's forehead, forming a plum blossom. The flowers are blooming, but they cannot be brushed out. The queen will keep them for three days, and then they will fall off. The palace maid is so strange that they are effective. "These sentences seem to be written in Shouyang. The princess (that person) is actually writing about plum blossoms, using a beauty related to falling plum blossoms to lament the decline of plum blossoms. "Yuji" means that the poet still remembers. The poet saw the plum blossoms and remembered this story in the palace. The "deep palace" has nothing to do with Zhaojun, and it has nothing to do with Song Huiqin's harem, so it cannot be far-fetched. The following is an exhortation to cherish plum blossoms:"Don't be like the spring breeze, regardless of Yingying, arrange a golden house as soon as possible."
"Yingying" means beautiful appearance. An ancient poem goes: "The beautiful woman upstairs is shining brightly through the window." This describes the beauty of a beautiful woman. This refers to plum blossoms. These eight characters are in harmony. It means that plum blossoms bloom in the cold winter, and we don't care about them in spring; but we don't want to be like the spring breeze. "Golden House" uses "The Story of Han Wu". When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a child, his aunt held him on her knees, pointed at her daughter Gillian and said, "How is Gillian?" The poet used this allusion to express his wish to cherish flowers, meaning It is said not to be as ruthless as the spring breeze, letting the plum blossoms drift and ignore them, but to protect her as soon as possible.
"I still want to go with the tide, but I complain about the Jade Dragon's sad song."
This is a hypothetical tone, and "return" means like it or if, which is often found in poems. usage. For example, Qin Guan's "Water Dragon Song": "The famous reins are sharp and locked, and God still knows, and He Tian is thin." Ben made the sentence "return to teach" the truth, saying "the flowers will go with the tide, and there is no way to recover them." This is because the word "return" was ignored and the poet's original intention was misunderstood. In fact, this is a further warning: if the plum blossoms are allowed to flow with the waves, even if there is only one piece, then the flute music of "Plum Blossoms Fall" will add a bit more sadness. "Jade Dragon" is the name of the flute. Because there is "Dragon Flute Music" in the ancient Yuefu "Jiangnan Yi", it is said that the sound of this music sounds like a dragon's roar when played, hence the name. Luo Yin has a poem that goes: "The jade dragon has no owner and crosses the cold." The flute tune has "Plum Blossoms Falling", so Li Bai wrote a poem: "The jade flute is playing in the Yellow Crane Tower, and the plum blossoms fall in May in Jiangcheng." Here, the flute tune "Falling Plum Blossoms" is just thought of because of the falling plum blossoms. It has nothing to do with the "dragon" that symbolizes royalty.
"When I am dying, I will find the fragrance again, which has entered the small window banner."
These sentences are still an exhortation: when the plum blossoms have fallen, they will not be seen on the branches. . If you want to find traces of it, you can only go to the banner on the small window - the painting of plum blossoms, and carefully appreciate its beautiful beauty. Xia Chengtao's "Chronological Notes and Collation of Jiang Baishi's Ci" says: "Cui Lu's "Plum Blossom" poem in the tenth volume of "Tang Zhayan": "The first bloom has already entered the carved beam painting, and the jade flute is playing before it falls." Several sentences of Jiang's Ci, These two words seem to be derived. "Mr. Tang Guizhang also said: "The words "Waiting for the Time" are written in Cui Lu's poem, and the fragrance is hard to find, but the ghost is left on the banner, and the words are sad. Although Cui Lu is used here, it is poetic. Innovation. After taking a deep breath, the plum blossoms have not withered yet. Because of his deep love, the poet repeatedly warned not to let it drift away. Who are you admonishing? It was no one else but the poet himself who warned me to cherish it.
Look at the whole word. There is a word "secluded" at the end of the first piece, and another word "secluded" at the end of the second piece. "Secret" is the aesthetic ideal expressed by the poet through plum blossoms. This is in the same vein as Tao Qian's chanting of pines and chrysanthemums, and Zhang Jiuling's chanting of orchids and laurels.
If there is any sustenance in this poem, it is just a sustenance of the ideal personality of the poet. Although there is a sense of self-admiration in the poem, there is no need to criticize it. There is no need to forcefully get involved with the matter of "compassion for the two emperors".
The two poems are the author’s masterpieces focusing on praising plum trees, and the author is very satisfied. It is said that the two words were highly appreciated by Fan because of their clear and graceful syllables, so he gave them to his maid Xiaohong. Jiang brought Xiaohong back to Wuxing. When they passed Chuihong, he wrote a poem in the heavy snow: "The new words I wrote have the most delicate rhymes. Xiaohong sang in a low voice while I played the flute. At the end of the song, we passed the Songling Road and looked back at the Yanbo Fourteenth Bridge." There is a very proud air (see the next section of "Yanbei Magazine").
The word's luck is ethereal and the words are flying. The imaginary characters in the lower part, such as "Yu Ji", "Mo Shi", "Zao Yu", "Hui Jiao", "But Yu Yu", "Waiting for Time", "Hai Enter", etc., can all convey the spirit through twists and turns.
As for the "clear" style of poetry, Bai Zhangyan's summary of Jiang Ci was first published. However, a closer look at the original text of Zhang Yan's "Etymology" shows that "empty" does not summarize all of Bai Shi's meaning. In Zhang Yan's view, "clearing" is only one aspect of Baishi. Because Baishi often chants about things, chanting about things is easy to "stay in the things" and become "restricted and unsmooth" and "obscure and unclear". This is the so-called "substance". Baishi chants about things but does not stay in the things. This is "empty". ". After Zhang Yan said, "The words should be empty, not substantial; empty means they are quaint and steep, while substantial means condensed and obscure. Jiang Baishi's words are like solitary clouds flying in the wild, leaving no trace when they go." There is another paragraph that says: "Baishi Lyrics such as "Sparse Shadows", "Secret Fragrance", "Yangzhou Slow", "One Calyx Red", "Pipa Immortal", "Exploring Spring", "Eight Returns", "Light Yellow Willow" and other songs are not only clear, but also "It's also elegant, and reading it makes one's mind fly." Obviously, Zhang Yan does not just advocate "clearing"; "clearing" must be enriched with "elegant" to be considered a good word. Zhang Yan added: "So the surprising words are embellished with Bai Shi's elegant sentences, which is really the secret of Yun Jin." But what he emphasized was not only "empty", but also "elegant". Zhang Yan also said: "Ci is mainly about meaning and interest. Jiang Baishi's "Secret Fragrance" Fu Meiyun (a brief Ci) and "Sparse Shadows" (a brief Ci), these words are all interesting in the air, and those who have no writing skills can't do it. It is not easy to arrive." It also clearly points out that Baishi Ci is not only "empty", but also full of "interesting". Just "empty" without "interesting", wouldn't it become an empty frame? It can be seen that Zhang Yan singled out "empty" to comment on Baishi's Ci, but he did not generalize that Baishi's Ci was just "empty". Commentators must make a distinction.
It can be seen that using "emptiness" to discuss Baishi Ci is not comprehensive and does not conform to Zhang Yan's original intention. When it comes to Baishi's style of poetry, Liu Xizai's so-called "You Yun Leng Xiang" can be said to be "You Leng" in short. It is with "You Leng" that he has established a new style, standing on his own from softness and ruggedness. Zhuoran became a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.