1. Common sense understanding and memorization test of ancient culture
Common sense understanding and memorization test of ancient culture 1. Common knowledge test questions and answers about ancient Chinese culture
Common knowledge test questions about ancient Chinese culture
1. Du Fu is called Du Gongbu, Zuo Guangdou is called Zuo Zhongyigong, Lu You is called Lu Fangweng, and people are called respectively with, and.
2. "Howling oneself and respecting others" is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. When the ancients called other people's fathers, they used respectful words such as your father, etc.; when they called their own mother, they used the humble words such as Jia Mu, etc.
3. In ancient times, men had 20 lines of "" and women's years of "15" to indicate adulthood.
4. "Reunion of sixties, plus thirty-seven years; double celebration of ancient times, one extra spring and autumn." This is a birthday couplet written to an old man.
5. In ancient times, " " was used to express ranking among brothers. ""means the largest," "means the smallest.
6. In ancient my country, there were some special symbols for addressing people, such as "cong" indicating
relationship, and "xian" indicating
relationship.
7. There are three types of chronology in ancient my country: ,,. "Chunxi Bingshen solstice" uses .
8. In ancient my country, the first day of each month of the lunar calendar was called " ", the fifteenth day of each month was called " ", and the last day of the month was called " ".
9. The ancients said that the "卯" in "Dian Mao" is equivalent to the current morning time to
time.
10. The four solar terms before the Qingming Festival in the lunar calendar are , , , and .
11. 1998 is the Wuyin year of the lunar calendar, and according to tradition, it is the zodiac year of the Tiger people; based on this calculation, 2000 is the lunar year, and it is the zodiac year of the Tiger people.
12. The ancients divided the period from dusk to dawn of the next day into periods. Among them, the "three changes" are roughly equivalent to the time of the earthly branches, which is the current time.
13. Ancient Chinese thinkers used "five elements" to refer to the five substances: , , , and .
14. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the official positions in China implemented the "three provinces and six ministries system". The "six ministries" refer to: ministry, ministry, ministry, ministry, ministry, ministry. The chiefs of each ministry are. Among the "Six Ministries", the person in charge of the appointment, removal, assessment, and promotion of officials is.
15. In ancient times, it was called , when an official was conferred, and , when an official was demoted.
16. The title of the chief of a county in the Han Dynasty, the title of the chief of a state in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the title of the chief of a state in the Song Dynasty, and the title of the chief of a prefecture in the Ming Dynasty.
17. In ancient times, China was divided into nine states. The first of the nine states was "", which is the abbreviation of today's Hebei Province.
18. Write the names of the "Five Mountains" in the order of east, west, south, north and center: ,,,,.
19. "There are mountains under the white mountains all around the country, and no guest will miss home during the Qingming Festival." The "white under" in the sentence refers to: .
20. Luoyang in Henan Province is located on the Luo River, Hanyang in Hubei Province is located on the Han River, and Huayin in Shaanxi Province is located on the north.
21. The "three teachings" in the idiom "three teachings and nine streams" are ,,.
22. The legendary mythical figures who created the world, refined stones to mend the sky, and held stones to fill the sea are in order: ,,.
23. In ancient Chinese etiquette, among the seats on all sides of the banquet, the seat is considered the most honorable, followed by the seat, the third seat, and the lowest seat.
24. There is a theory of "six books" in ancient Chinese character creation, and "six books" refers to ,,,,,.
25. In ancient times, there was a saying that "Seven Strategies and Four Treasurys are the Book of the Emperor". The "Four Treasurys" in the sentence refer to ,,,.
26. Most of the ancient festivals were accompanied by some folk activities, such as the Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, and Double Ninth Festival.
27. The four great tastes of literati in the old days were,,,.
28. "Three Friends of Suihan" refers to ,,.
29. The ancient Chinese pentatonic scales are arranged from low to high, followed by ,,,,.
30. "When you go in, you are filial, and when you go out, you are fraternal." "Filial piety" refers to good deeds, and "fraternity" refers to good deeds.
31. The top ten ancient songs in ancient my country are: ,,,
,,,,,,
Reference answers to ancient culture knowledge test questions
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1. Official posthumous title 2. Your father’s family kindness 3. Crown ceremony and hairpin ceremony 4.141 5. Bo Zhong Shu Ji
Bo Ji 6. The relative of the cousin has passed away 7. The year of the prince The method of recording the year is the method of recording the year by the year of the emperor. The method of recording the year by the stems and branches.
The method of recording the year by combining the stems and branches of the year. 8. New moon is dark 9. May 7th 10. Beginning of spring rain stings
Spring breeze 11 . Geng Chenlong 12. Wu Zi 11 o'clock the night before yesterday and 1 o'clock the next morning 13. Metal and Wood
Water, Fire and Earth 14. Officials, Households, Rites, Soldiers, Punishments, Gongshangshu, and Officials 15. Relegated to the Left and Moved to the Left
16. Prefect, Governor, Prefect, Prefecture 17. Jiji 18. Mount Tai, Huashan, Hengshan, Hengshan, Songshan Mountain
19. Nanjing 20. Beibei Huashan 21. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 22. Pangu Nuwa Jingwei 23.
Sit in the west and face east, sit in the north and face south, sit in the south and face north, sit in the east and face the west 24. Pictograms refer to things, and transfer notes from pictographs to sounds
Pretext 25. Collection of classics and history 26. Watching lanterns, outing, sweeping tombs, climbing high and admiring chrysanthemums 27 .Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting 28. Pine
Bamboo and plum 29. Gongshangjiao Zhengyu 30. Parents and brothers 31. High mountains, flowing water, Guangling, scattered flat sand, falling wild geese, plum blossoms, three alleys, ambushes from all sides, sunset, flute, drum, fishermen and woodcutter questions and answers, Huqie ten Bapai Han Palace, Autumn Moon, Spring White Snow
2. Asking for common sense questions in classical Chinese
Ancient cultural common sense understanding and memorization test 1. The following explanations of the relevant content of the added words in the text are incorrect One item is ( ) (3 points) A. In ancient times, when a man turned 18, a crowning ceremony was held, which was called a crown.
That means wearing a hat that indicates that you are an adult, but your body is not yet strong and you are still relatively young, so you are called "weak hat". You are an adult only at the age of 20. B. "Jinshi and Di" refers to those who passed the imperial examination and were admitted to become Jinshi. The top three in the imperial examination will be given the title of "Jinshi and Di", that is, the number one scholar, the second best, and the third best.
C. Suburban sacrifices are still suburban sacrifices. In ancient times, worshiping heaven and earth in the suburbs, worshiping heaven in the southern suburbs, and worshiping the earth in the northern suburbs were an important part of Confucian etiquette. The objects of sacrifice were divided into three categories: gods, earth, and humans and ghosts.
D. The ancients had a strict hierarchical approach to the names of death: "The death of the emperor is called collapse, the death of princes is called death, the death of officials is called pawn, the scholar is called unlucky, and the common man is called death." Hou Meng was a doctor, so he died as a "pawn".
2. Among the following explanations of relevant content in the article, which one is incorrect ( ) (3 points) A. "Relegation" means that an official was demoted and exiled due to a crime, among which "Qian" refers to an official There are promotions and demotions, but "moving to the left" must be a promotion. B. "Mother's Dilemma" means "Mother's Worry", referring to the mother's funeral.
C. "Hebei" refers to the north of the Yellow River in ancient times. This is an ancient and modern synonym, which is different from the administrative divisions in modern Chinese. D. "Self-title", in the old days, most of the titles given to oneself were scholar-bureaucrats and literati, because they were all proficient in calligraphy and calligraphy, and all had their own unique talents.
3. In the following explanations about the related content of the added words in the article, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) (3 points) A. "Zhenguan" is the reign name of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, and the reign name is A name used by the emperors of my country's feudal dynasty to commemorate their years. B. "Your Majesty" originally referred to the waiter standing at the steps of the palace, and later became a respectful title for the emperor when he was face to face.
C. "Qian" is a common word used to express the transfer of officials in ancient China. To specifically express the meaning of promotion, the term "right move" is often used.
D. "Begging for bones" refers to an ancient official's request to resign, which means asking for his bones to be buried in his hometown. Similar words include "to become an official".
4. In the following explanation of the related content of the words in the article, the incorrect one is ( ) (3 points) A. "Qian" in ancient times means transferring official positions, generally referring to promotion, such as promotion.
It also refers to being demoted or exiled. For example, "relegated" refers to an official who is demoted to a distant place, and "qianke" refers to an official who has moved or been demoted to another place. B. "Xuande" in the original text "Xuande Year 2" is the year name.
Customarily, before the Tang Dynasty, deceased emperors were generally referred to by their posthumous titles, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, rather than by their temple names. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the lengthening of the characters in the posthumous titles, they were renamed by their temple names. , such as Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Taizu of the Song Dynasty, were not referred to by their reign titles until the Ming and Qing dynasties. The reign title in the text also includes "Yingzong". C. In "Next year, I will enter the Dudu Qian Shi", "next year" refers to "the second year", but in modern Chinese, "next year" refers to "the year after this year", and its ancient and modern meanings are different.
"Advance" in the text refers to "promotion" and "promotion and appointment". D. The "posthumous" in "posthumous name Wuyong" in the article is the posthumous title.
In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, high-ranking officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles. Generally, they were evaluated with praise or derogation based on their life stories and moral cultivation. . For example, Tao Yuanming was called Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu was called Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi was called Wang Wengong, and Yang Guang was called Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.
5. Among the following explanations of the relevant content in the article, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) (3 points) A. "Shandong", the name of a geographical area, first began in the Warring States Period, when it was called Weishan Mountain. The area in the east is "Shandong..." B. "Wansi" means Wandai, which refers to the death of the king; taboo means death, and there are also "collapse", "die", "death", "bulu", etc.
C ."睝禦" means to stare when angry; to retaliate against even the smallest grudges, such as staring, is used to describe narrow-mindedness. D. "Historical Records" is the first chronological general history in Chinese history, formerly known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu". , ***130 articles.
6. Among the following explanations about the added words in the article, one of the incorrect ones is (3 points) ( ) A. Hongzhi was the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China. The reign name of Emperor Ming Xiaozong Zhu Hutang. The reign name is a name used by the feudal dynasties of my country to commemorate the year.
B. Shu, also known as "Zuoyi". "Zuo Shu" is the general term for the documents used by officials to express their opinions to the emperor. Its original meaning is "clearing", which is extended here to a text that explains it in sections.
C. Father's Worry is the provincial version of "Ding's Father's Worry" "Dingyou" refers to the system in which ancient officials had to suspend their duties after their parents died. During the Dingyou period, Dingyou people were not allowed to be officials. D. Posthumous title, posthumous title, was based on the death of the ancient monarchs and princes. A title that contains a kind evaluation or a judgmental nature given to someone’s life story and moral cultivation.
7. One of the following explanations of the relevant content of the added words in the article is incorrect ( ) ( 3 points) A. The Imperial Examination is the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system. It is held in the palace and is presided over by the emperor himself. It only involves one examination. B. Zhongshu Sheren, Geishizhong, and Libu Shangshu are ancient official positions. ; "Zhenghe", "Jianyan" and "Shaoxing" are the reign titles of the emperor.
C. Supplement means that officials officially take office from an alternate position; chu means that they are appointed as officials in the capital; except means that they are demoted or appointed. Removed from official position. D. In ancient my country's military system, five people formed a team, and five troops formed a line. Later, "Xingwu" was used to generally refer to the army. 8. Among the following explanations of the relevant content in the article, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) (3 points) ) A. "Jian" and "Ling" both mean concurrent official positions, "Xing" and "Shou" both mean acting official positions, and "Department" and "Quan" mean temporary acting official positions.
B. "Table" means temporary official position. "Zou Biao" is a document presented to the emperor by officials in ancient times. It often means to express their feelings and express their feelings, such as "Chen Qing Biao" and "Chen Qing Biao". C. "Inspecting affairs" refers to officials going to the local area to inspect official affairs. , "getting off the bus" refers to the official's first arrival, "begging for bones" refers to the official's request to retire due to old age, and "zhizheng" refers to the official's arrival in office.
D. "Zuo Zhuan" is the most important book in our country. The first chronicle work with a detailed narrative, together with the "Spring and Autumn Gongyang Biography" and the Spring and Autumn Gu Liang Biography, are collectively known as the "Three Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period".
9. In the following explanation of the related content of the added words in the article, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) (3 points) A. "Grand Master" is also called Cabinet Grand Master, Palace Grand Master, etc., and is a senior secretary who assists the emperor. .
B. "Zhenzi" refers to relief and pension, that is, the corresponding response and countermeasures taken by governments at all levels and the people when faced with the onset of famine. C. "Chao" In the pre-Qin period, the order from superiors to subordinates was called an imperial edict.
After the Qin and Han dynasties, it specifically refers to the emperor’s documents.
3. Read the following Song Dynasty poem and complete the questions that follow. Huanxi Sha? Ode to oranges, Su Shi and chrysanthemums. The lotuses withered for a night of frost
"The lotuses are gone and there is no rain cover, but the chrysanthemums are still proud. Frost Branches" 2. The lower column mainly uses side descriptions to express the deliciousness and fragrance of oranges.
The first two sentences describe the situation of tasting oranges. Break open the orange peel, the fragrant oil glands spray like mist, taste the new orange for the first time, the juice flows like a spring between the teeth and tongue.
The metaphors of "fragrant mist" and "clear spring" have perceptible images. The two words "shock" and "timid" vividly depict the delicate look of a woman when she tastes an orange.
The surprise is the fragrant mist splashing into people when the orange peel bursts. The fear is the coolness of the orange juice and the sour leaves. The last sentence mentions "Wu Ji", which actually points out the origin of the new orange.
"Three days the hand will still smell fragrant", which is deliberately exaggerated to capture the fragrance of tangerine. 1.
This question tests the understanding and memorization of ancient literary common sense and ancient cultural common sense. This type of questions involves the expansion of history, literature and other related knowledge, and special attention should be paid to the understanding and memorization of the titles of articles and specific academic titles.
The four words "The chrysanthemums are dark and the lotuses are withered" at the beginning are adapted from Su Shi's "To Liu Jingwen" "The lotuses are gone and there is no rain cover, but the chrysanthemums are still proud of the frost branches. You must remember the good times of the year, and finally It’s orange and orange and green.”
The first two sentences. Test points: Understand the common sense of ancient literature and ancient culture.
The ability level is Shiji A.2. The lower column mainly uses side descriptions to express the deliciousness and fragrance of oranges.
The first two sentences describe the situation of tasting oranges. Break open the orange peel, the fragrant oil glands spray like mist, taste the new orange for the first time, the juice flows like a spring between the teeth and tongue.
The metaphors of "fragrant mist" and "clear spring" have perceptible images. The two words "shock" and "timid" vividly depict the delicate look of a woman when she tastes an orange.
The surprise is the fragrant mist splashing into people when the orange peel bursts. The fear is the coolness of the orange juice and the sour leaves. The last sentence mentions "Wu Ji", which actually points out the origin of the new orange.
"Three days the hand will still smell fragrant", which is deliberately exaggerated to capture the fragrance of tangerine. Test points: Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works.
The ability level is Appreciation Evaluation D.
4. How to improve the effectiveness of knowledge and memorization of ancient literature
I wish you a brilliant academic career! Part One: Our motherland has a long history.
Over the long years, many great and excellent writers and poets have been produced, and they have left a large amount of precious legacy. If we want to understand and appreciate ancient literature today, we must contact and deal with these heritages.
Generally speaking, literary heritage is mainly works written by ancients, including collections of poems and essays, novels and scripts, and some books recording the life stories of writers. But some cultural relics can also help us understand the works, such as the colorful murals painted on the four walls of the main hall in the Mingyingwang Temple in Daojue Township, Hongzhao County, Shanxi.
On it are painted scenes of acting in the Yuan Dynasty, including the appearance of the actor Zhongdu Xiu, as well as musicians playing flutes and drums. According to modern research, the painting is the fourth episode of the Yuan Dynasty drama "Doctor Xu Jia and Uncle Fan".
From the horizontal heading on the account, "The Daxing Sanle Zhongdu Show was performed here", we can also know that there was a mobile theater troupe at that time. Studying ancient literature mainly involves studying the works of writers.
These writers and works are ancient, not contemporary. It is easy to understand the life of contemporary writers, but not so easy in ancient times.
There is no record or material. This is often encountered. Contemporary works are easy to find, but ancient works are different. Some have been lost and have not been handed down.
So we have some writers who have no works. For example, "Historical Records: Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" says: "Since Qu Yuan died, there were disciples of Song Yu, Tang Le, and Jing Chai in Chu, all of whom were easy to say. The works of Tang Le and Jing Zai are no longer available today. There is a piece called "Da Zhao", which is said to be written by Jing Zai, but it is still unreliable.
There was a Yanzhu in the Western Han Dynasty, and his works have not been handed down, so they all became writers without works. Although some of the works of some writers have been handed down, many have been lost.
Among the four great poets of the Southern Song Dynasty, You (Quan), Yang (Wanli), Fan (Chengda), and Lu (You), very few of You Kuan's works have been handed down, and they are very similar to the title of "Great Poet". Disproportionate. Therefore, compared with contemporary literature, reading and studying ancient literature is more difficult in terms of materials.
Naturally, there are not only material difficulties, but also language difficulties. In terms of content, literary works reflect social life through the writer's understanding, or are the expression of the author's thoughts and feelings.
The tool used to reflect life and express emotions is language. The social life of an era is constantly changing.
Although the language changes slowly, the difference between ancient and modern times is still very significant. Han Yu said: "Zhou Gao's soup plate is very difficult to pronounce."
It is because the language has changed and it is difficult to read. Many people don’t recognize Oracle Bone Inscriptions anymore, and this is also because the characters have changed.
Not only the shape and pronunciation of the characters have changed, but the meaning of the characters has also changed. Just like the word "fan", "Shuowen" explains it as "heat and headache", which is the phenomenon of illness. When we say "fan" now, it no longer means illness.
This kind of difficulty caused by the changes in language and writing from ancient to modern times is the first problem that must be solved when reading and learning ancient literary works. Of course, there are very few manuscripts of ancient works that we see today, and they are generally copied. There were inscriptions after the Song Dynasty, but there are still people copying them.
It is always inevitable to make mistakes in copying and engraving. There is a very famous article, Tao Yuanming's "The Peach Blossom Spring", which contains the sentence "Hearing it, I am glad to go there."
Su Shi's manuscript and some later engravings all say "go in person", and there is only one Song engraving As "Gui Go". Indeed, it is easier to understand in person than in person, but the following goes on to say: "Without success, you will end up seeking illness."
Since "going in person" means going, why do you say "failure" again? It is not contradictory. ? It seems that "qin" is a typo and should be replaced by "gui". "Guiwen" means planning to go.
There are many such typos in ancient works. When I was in college, a teacher was teaching "Zhuangzi". He said that there is a sentence in "Zhuangzi" "Now it's about women." There is a history of philosophy that talks about Zhuangzi's views on women.
In fact, there is a typo in this sentence. It should be "Now I'm back". The word "female" is read in the next sentence. There is no word "woman" at all. I copied it wrong and wrote it wrong. Trampled people. It seems that poor handling of typos in ancient works hinders the correct understanding of the ideological content of the works.
Sometimes typos ruin our enjoyment of the artistic beauty of a work. For example, there is a sentence in "Nine Songs of Xiangjun" that "Beauty should be repaired if it is lost." Mr. Wen Yiduo said in "Chu Ci Collation": "It is better to repair than to laugh, and to repair laughter is to be near and wrong." ”
It is appropriate to smile, that is, to slightly reveal the white teeth when smiling, which is similar to the phrase “it is appropriate to smile while looking at the expression” in "Mountain Ghost". It describes the beauty of a person's posture, which is very visual.
If one interprets "xiu" as "decoration" according to Wang Yi's annotation, "it is appropriate to repair" and "it is suitable to decorate", which is very abstract and boring. What attitude should be adopted towards typos in ancient works? People in the Ming Dynasty carved books and corrected them at will when they encountered something they didn't understand. Many people were dissatisfied with this approach.
Of course we cannot adopt this method. You can't just do whatever you want and make changes whenever you want.
Even if it is a typo, the reason for the change must be explained when making changes. In fact, the problem of typos in ancient works, especially literary works, is sometimes very complicated. It is not only whether it is smooth or not, easy to understand but not easy to understand, but there is also a beautiful problem.
In Wang Bo's "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion", which everyone is familiar with, there is a sentence "Ge Jian Mi Jin". Some books use the word "mi" as a ligature, and some books use the word "mi". Both the ligature word "zuo" and the word "mi" are easy to understand, but only the word "zuomi" is difficult to understand.
But from the perspective of literary appreciation, it is precisely this word that is not easy to understand that makes people feel beautiful. It is really difficult to determine what words the author wrote on the manuscript.
Chinese characters actually include three aspects: shape, sound, and meaning. Here, the ligature and the word "mi" are similar in shape, and "mi" and "mi" have the same sound. It is not easy to figure out what the original character is and how it is wrong. But it could also have been a ligature originally.
Wen Feiqing's poem "Farewell to Chen Gu, the Protector of the Marquis and Li Changshi" says: "The spring clothes shine in the dust and the color of the grass, and the night boat smells the raindrops and the reed flowers." "Lian Mi", it can be seen that the two characters "Lian Mi" have similar shapes, which is easy to mistake.
After it was mistakenly formed into a confusing word, it was a bit confusing, so some people thought that the pronunciation was the same and changed it to mi. Naturally, this is just a speculation and a possibility.
When we read ancient literary works, apart from the possibility of encountering some incorrectly copied and engraved words, the most important thing is to explain the meaning of the words. The meaning of words has changed in ancient and modern times, and it is difficult to understand classical Chinese without speaking.
There was a scholar in the Song Dynasty who wrote "The dream at night is ominous, and the scholar's family is in good luck." as "The sleepless night is a bandit's chastity, and the Zhata is Hongxiu."
This is to use the ancient and modern meanings of the words.
5. How to test the common knowledge of ancient culture in the Chinese language of the college entrance examination
This is a summary of the common knowledge of ancient culture in the Chinese language of the college entrance examination. I hope it can be helpful to everyone!
1. Titles of people
There are roughly three situations in which people call themselves by name: (1) Calling themselves by their given name. For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will be able to splatter blood on his neck," and "Luling Wen Tianxiang prefaces his poem by himself." (2) Used for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su both went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou". (3) Call someone you hate or despise. For example, "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in the front, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the back."
The ancients named the names when they were young, and then chose the names as adults (20 years old for boys and 15 years old for girls). There is a meaningful connection between the names and the names. The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors. For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang is called
The name is also called an alias and a table number. The fundamental difference between a name, a given name and a nickname is that the former is chosen by the father or elders, while the latter is chosen by oneself. A nickname is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a respectful title for a person. For example: Tao Qian No. 5
Posthumous titles: In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles. For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is Wang Zhongsu Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Zhongyi Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong. male. And calling the treacherous minister Qin Hui Miao Chou is an "evil posthumous title".
Calling a house by its name means calling it by its house number or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in a house called Chengzhai, and people called him Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Mr. Yao Xibao and Xibao because his house was named Xibaoxuan. Another example is calling Pu Songling Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is Zhuangfei Tower).
For example, the poet Meng Haoran of the Tang Dynasty was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he was called Liuhedong; the Northern Song Dynasty Wang Anshi was from Linchuan, Jiangxi, so he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty playwright Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong He was known as Kang Nanhai; the leader of the Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of irony: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister Changshu is destitute in the world." "Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet refers to Weng Tongjie, who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province.
Although Han Yu, who was called Jun Wang, was from Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), because the Han family in Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu". The world then called him Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi, who was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes jokingly called himself "Su Shi from Zhaojun" or "Su Zhaojun" because the Su family was a prominent family in Zhaojun.
The official name is such as "Sun Taolu is smart and benevolent", "Sun Taolu" is Sun Quan, because he was awarded the official position of general touolu, so he was called. "Mei Hua Ling Ji" has the sentence "Jing Lue came from the north" and "it is said that Taishi Yan used his troops to escape, and Wen Shaobao also realized the great light and the cicada escaped." "Jing Lue" is Hong Chengchou's official position, and "Tai Shi" It is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang. "A Letter to His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I cannot imitate the Supreme Master's forgetfulness of love." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou. It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as titles of people, for example, Jia Yi was called Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", served as an infantry captain and was called Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped the doctor of Zhongsan and was called Ji in the world. Zhongsan; Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of the Youjun Army, and people still call him Wang Youjun; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he was called Du Shiyi, and because he served as inspector He was a member of the Ministry of Industry, so he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi was a guest of the prince, so he was called a guest Liu; Liu Yong was a member of the Tuntian, and was called Liu Tuntian; Su Shi was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy in Duanming Palace, and was called Su Xueshi .
The title of the title "Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Kou Laigong was the most extravagant in modern times." Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guogong, and Laigong was the provincial title. "Meihua Ridge" "Heshuo Yuqin"
Official place refers to the name of the place where the official is appointed. For example, "The Battle of Chibi": "Where does Yuzhou want to go now?" "Because Liu Bei once served as the governor of Yuzhou, it was called the official land. Another example is that Jia Yi was demoted to the king of Changsha and was called Jia Changsha in the world; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", served as the prime minister of Beihai and was called Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once He served as the magistrate of Pengze County, known as Tao Pengze in the world; King Luo Bin once served as the Prime Minister of Linhai County, known as Luo Linhai in the world; Cen Shen once served as the governor of Jiazhou, known as Cen Jiazhou in the world; Wei Yingwu once served as the governor of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in the world; Liu Zongyuan once served as the governor of Liuzhou, In the world, he is known as Liuliuzhou; Jia Dao once served as the chief administrator of Changjiang County, and is known as Jia Changjiang in the world. His collection of poems is called "Changjiang Collection"
It is also known as "The Four Persons" such as "Travel to Baochan Mountain". , Luling
Qianzhi (1) expresses a humble attitude and is used to refer to oneself. Stupid, humbly saying that you are not smart. Condescending, humbly saying that one's knowledge is shallow. We, it is not good to humbly call yourself or your things. Humble, humbly calling oneself of low status. Plagiarism means privately and privately, and its use often has the connotation of being reckless and abrupt. Minister, humbly saying that one's status is not as high as that of the other party. Servant means humbly referring to yourself as the servant of the other party. Using it means to serve the other party.
6. Research methods and basic ideas of common sense of ancient Chinese culture
Thoughts after reading "Common Sense of Ancient Chinese Culture" because I am doing research on the "Research on the Reasonable Application of Festival Cultural Resources in Chinese Teaching" A topic, so recently I have been exposed to a lot of books about traditional culture, Chinese and foreign culture, festival culture, etc., and I am particularly interested in traditional culture, so I opened the book "Common Knowledge of Ancient Chinese Culture" edited by Wang Li, and wandered around the book , a lot of fun.
Reading books about traditional culture generally feels boring and obscure, and there are even a large number of rare words whose pronunciation and meaning are unclear. This book covers astronomy, geography, food, clothing, housing and transportation, as well as traditional culture. Needless to say, it covers a wide range of areas. The writing is humorous, the illustrations are exquisite, pictures and text are combined, interspersed with stories, documents, etc., and are equipped with relevant annotations. It is not boring to read, but it is profound and popular. Easy to understand and full of fun.
The illustrations in the book are about utensils, architecture, or silk...the lines are clear and real, and it feels like you are having the most intimate relationship with these exquisite works of ancient China. After contacting it, I can't help but feel the beauty and richness of traditional culture.
The introduction of this book is a series of questions: "Do you know that the famous Simu Wuding has a fake ear? Do you know that Meng Jiang's surname is Jiang instead of Meng? Do you know what the oldest concentric knot looks like? Do you know that Huang Di fought against Chi You "... I really want to be a knowledgeable and erudite teacher. If I can use these knowledge, stories, and documents when necessary in Chinese teaching, and extend them, my class will definitely be popular." .
As a Chinese teacher, you need to acquire a wide range of knowledge and improve your own literary accomplishments in order to provide students with the best literary penetration. The traditional festivals are also covered in the book.
For example, the Ghost Festival is a very important festival for Chinese people to honor their deceased relatives. It is also called the "Obon Festival" or the "River Lantern Festival". Bon is a transliteration of Sanskrit, and its original meaning is "rescue from suffering."
This story is related to the story of Moggallian (also the male protagonist of the Chinese folk Mulian drama) saving his mother. It is said that after attaining supernatural powers, Maudgalyana, one of Sakyamuni's ten disciples, wanted to save his parents in order to repay his kindness in bringing them up.
As a result, the meal given to the mother turned into charcoal as soon as it was handed to the mother's hands. The Buddha said that every July 15th is the Buddha's Happy Day. We must gather the power of the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha to save our parents for seven generations.
The connotation of this story is actually far deeper than it appears on the surface. In fact, most people in the Buddhist community believe that the story of Obon is the reason why Hinayana Buddhism transformed into Mahayana Buddhism.
In fact, there are many descriptions of the Ghost Festival in ancient Chinese literary works, especially poetry and novels. As a traditional festival to mourn and pray for deceased relatives, the Hungry Ghost Festival has a longer history than the Qingming Festival, and its significance is not inferior to the Qingming Festival.
It has been included in the intangible cultural heritage of the folk item category. There are different folk activities in various places. Similar traditional festivals include Shangsi Festival and Hanyi Festival. Taking the Ghost Festival as an example, the use of festival cultural resources in Chinese teaching requires screening, extraction, comparison, and discarding.
Negative thoughts about festival culture are dross and need to be abandoned. The poetry culture, philosophical thoughts and festival meanings involved are the essence and can be retained as appropriate. Different resources for the same festival need to be carefully considered and the entry point needs to be found; cultural resources for different festivals also need to be compared and made.
This depends on whether this kind of festival cultural resources is necessary in Chinese teaching, whether it is meaningful, and whether it has positive significance. This is a proposition that has been studied and thought about for a long time.
When I read "Common Sense of Ancient Chinese Culture", it was more like a kind of "literacy" than research. Chinese traditional culture is profound and profound, and true understanding does not happen overnight. Understanding unknown areas or areas in which you are not proficient is a process of self-learning and cultivation.
Read more, discover more, and understand more. I just hope that it will be of value and use in specific teaching practice or project research. This is a responsibility that needs to be upheld.