Fourth, look at calligraphy.

First, people often have different views on what is "calligraphy" and what is "calligraphy". Some people think that calligraphy is writing, and whoever writes well is a calligrapher. Others say that calligraphy is too mysterious, the art of calligraphy is unattainable and the calligraphy is too mysterious. Neither of these views is comprehensive enough. So what is "calligraphy"? Writing rules refer to people writing. However, with the continuous development of society, different styles of calligraphy such as seal script, official script, cursive script, regular script and running script have been produced and used in different historical periods in China. Through the unremitting efforts of calligraphers of past dynasties, China's calligraphy has a high aesthetic value. Calligraphers use a brush as a special writing tool, dipping ink on rice paper and shaping it according to Chinese characters. Handwritten calligraphy works, after mounting (such as nave, banners, etc. ), can be hung in the room for people to enjoy, giving people beautiful enjoyment. So "calligraphy" has developed into a special term today, which refers to the calligraphy art with the most national characteristics and a long history unique to our motherland. Students often hear it. Some people turn the word "calligraphy" upside down and call it "calligraphy" What does this mean? What's the difference between it and calligraphy? Usually, people call a good calligraphy work (such as "Handscroll" or "nave" written by a calligrapher) "Calligraphy" and praise its high artistry. Therefore, people often call good copybooks "calligraphy posts" (such as "Sanxi Hall Calligraphy Post" and "Calligraphy Post"). And "calligraphy" refers to specific calligraphy works. Second, why do you want to learn calligraphy? So many people like China's calligraphy, study it, study it, because it is not only art, but also has a wide range of practicality. From an artistic point of view, calligraphy has its own artistic rules, which are different from ordinary writing. Generally speaking, writing only requires correctness, neatness, clarity and no mistakes in application. And the art of calligraphy should be practical here. The better use of "Fa", the artistic law and expression means of calligraphy, focuses on the creation of formal beauty, the elegant pursuit of content, the change of pen, the arrangement of glyphs and the layout of the whole article. This requires us to study and study more diligently. From a practical point of view, we are also required to learn calligraphy well. This is because calligraphy comes from words. Only with words can we talk about calligraphy, but without words. Calligraphy would not exist. As we all know, writing and language are also tools for people to express their feelings, exchange ideas and spread culture. The difference is that language is limited by time and space, while writing is not. For example, we can't hear what the ancients said today, but if the ancients wrote down what they wanted to say and passed it on to the present, wouldn't it be like listening to the ancients? People play an extremely important role in people's lives. Since people often write, I hope to write well. The content of an article is good, but the book is written in a mess, and the font is crazy and hard to recognize, which makes people look hard and easy to make mistakes. On the contrary, if the article is not only good in content, but also beautifully written, it will make others feel comfortable to read, understand what they have written accurately and quickly, and appreciate the art of calligraphy, wouldn't it be better? Therefore, no matter what work you do or what subjects you study in the future, you should write well and spend some time learning calligraphy. It has a long history. Our ancestors created and used different calligraphy styles in different historical periods, such as seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script. At the same time, many excellent calligraphers appeared. Their styles are different, resulting in different schools. Their masterpieces, such as forests, have left us rich and precious artistic heritage-all kinds of steles, cursive scripts and so on. Both thumb and forefinger use the first knuckles, and the middle finger uses the upper part of the first knuckles to pad the pen; The ring finger and the little finger lean under the middle finger; Pay attention to the palm of your hand, like holding a small egg. The pen holder 50-60 leans against the upper part of the tiger's mouth. Make the pen flexible and easy to use. Posture (as shown in Figure ② ③) is generally sitting and writing, so we should pay attention to the following four requirements: keep your body straight, your head straight, your arms open, and your feet stand firm. Keep your body straight: when you write, don't write. (1) The so-called "Four Treasures of the Study" selected by Four Treasures of the Study refers to: pen, ink, paper and inkstone. This is a special writing tool of our China calligraphy art. They have always been valued by calligraphers. We should learn calligraphy, and also understand their common sense of selection, use and protection. Brush is a unique writing and painting tool in China. It is made of animal hair, and the pen is added. Finally, make it an expressive writing tool. China's brush originated very early, with a history of two or three thousand years. So there are many kinds of brushes, about 300 kinds. According to the performance of writing, there are three kinds of brush: hard brush, soft brush and double-headed brush. The following is a brief introduction: hard brush, vigorous and elastic. Common ones are Zihao (rabbit hair) and Langhao (yellow hair). A pen made of horsehair, etc. Soft and poor elasticity. Wool loops are common. The softest is the chicken's brush. Doubled both brush's pen is between hard hair and soft hair, because its pen head is composed of hard hair and soft hair. For example, "Baiyun" (large, medium and small) is a combination of wolf hair as the core and wool. Oolong water is made of purple hair and wolf hair. There are also even-numbered brushes named according to the ratio of two hairs, such as seven-purple three-sheep hair and five-purple five-wool. Brush is divided into long front, center and short front according to the size and length of the pen. Large letters, medium letters, small letters, etc. The largest is a pen, and the smallest is a GUI pen. In a word, there are many kinds of brushes. Then how to choose a good brush should have "round", "neat", "sharp" and "healthy" qi, which means that the tip of the pen is neat after it is wet and flattened; "Sharp" refers to the pen tip without baldness; "Sword" means that the brush is elastic and the bristles are easy to fold and recover after being spread out. When you go to the store to buy a pen, you should choose according to the above four points. Take a new pen, put it flat on the counter first, and gently roll it. If the pen rolls evenly, it proves that the pen holder is round and straight, otherwise it is not straight or round. Then you can pick up the pen and see if the nib is straight and round. Sharp and invisible. We have to hold the pen in our hands and twist it gently while squeezing it. Generally speaking, we think that the pen belly is full, solid and not empty, and it is a good pen. The size of the pen depends on the size of the handwriting. As for the combination of soft and hard brush or two-pronged brush, everyone's hobbies are different, so it is not certain what kind of pen is easy to play its strengths and express its artistic style. Of course, as a. Then all kinds of pens should have some, so I won't say much here. For beginners, to master the methods of calligraphy, it is generally better to have two brushes, which are both rigid and flexible, so as to facilitate writing. After mastering the method of calligraphy, you can write with a soft (wool) pen for a period of time, and then write with a hard brush for a period of time, so that you can gradually write with various brushes. For beginners of calligraphy, write. It's about 6×6cm, so it's good to buy a big white cloud. If you write in big characters, such as 10cm square or more, you can buy a "matching pen" produced by Jingxian Pen Factory in Anhui Province. There are pens of different sizes from 1 to 5, which are cheap and easy to use. With the process of learning Chinese characters, you can gradually buy all kinds of brushes. Ink painting has a long history and a wide variety. There are mainly two kinds of ink: pine smoke and lampblack. Song Yanmo is made of pine branches with leather glue, herbs and spices. This kind of ink is dark and dull, and the gum is easy, so it is easy to ink when studying. Oil smoke ink is made of tung oil, vegetable oil, sesame oil or lard, with leather glue and medicinal materials (good ink with musk and borneol). "Optical glue", "black color", "unvoiced sound" and so on. The method of choosing ink is to hold it in your hand, first look at the texture of Mo Ding, fine ink is good, and coarse ink is poor; Hit Mo Ding again, the crisp sound is good, and the two inks are silent; Besides, good ink smells good. You can put ink on your mouth and breathe, and then send it to your nose quickly. Good ink can smell the faint fragrance of borneol, while bad ink has no fragrance. Good ink is comfortable to grind, and the inkstone is black and shiny. Calligraphy generally uses oily smoke ink. But beginners don't have to pay too much attention to ink, as long as it is fine black. There are many commercial advertisements about ink names. We don't have to pursue it too much, but we should start from practicality. To save time, we can also use ink. There are many kinds of paper in China. We mainly write calligraphy on Xuan paper, Yuan paper and Yuan book paper. Xuan paper can be divided into raw, cooked and half cooked. Raw Xuan paper has soft texture and strong water absorption, such as single Xuan, clean Xuan and folder Xuan. Cooked rice paper is made by adding alum water to raw rice paper, which does not absorb water, such as mica paper, cicada paper and clay paper. The water absorption of semi-cooked paper is between raw and cooked, such as jade pan Xuan and boiling hammer Xuan. Generally speaking, raw rice paper is used to write big characters, while cooked rice paper is used to write small characters or draw meticulous paintings. Xuan paper is expensive, so it is necessary to write calligraphy works. Practicing calligraphy is enough at ordinary times. Raw Xuan paper and Yuanshu paper are similar in nature to raw Xuan paper and have strong water absorption, but the paper is light yellow and has strong texture. It is one of the indispensable tools for us to learn calligraphy. The inkstone platform is generally called inkstone platform and inkstone pool, and the big inkstone is also called "Mohai". There are many kinds of inkstones in China, such as Qin brick, Han tile, pottery inkstone, jade inkstone and so on. Good inkstone, such as (produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong) and edge. Advantages of non-stick ink. A good inkstone is exquisitely carved and expensive. Generally, those who can learn calligraphy can choose an ordinary inkstone, which is fine in stone, deep in inkstone pool and rich in ink, which is convenient for research and use. At present, Tam inkstone and Jinxing inkstone sold by handicraft shops are very good, cheap and practical. Students can choose according to their own conditions and hobbies. The first question is how to write correctly, because the quality of writing method is directly related to whether you can write flexibly. There have always been many sayings about writing methods, such as single hook method, double hook method, phoenix eye method, wrist returning method, stirrup method, five-character tactic, eight-character tactic and so on. So many "methods" seem mysterious, which really makes people a little confused. It's not complicated. Su Dongpo, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, once said: "There is no fixed method for putting pen to paper, so it should be open-minded. "This sentence means that writing with a pen is very simple, there is no fixed way, as long as it is flexible and natural, it is easy to write.