Lu You lived in an era when ethnic contradictions were extremely acute in the history of China. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he not only failed to recover lost ground, but appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), the negotiation was successful. Zhao Gou was shameless, claiming to be a courtier of Guo Xu, and promised to offer 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year to bid for the Huaihe River with the Jin people. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a corner of peace, surviving under the threat of the enemy. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were still humiliating peace talks. Of course, this situation is intolerable to the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front.
Lu You lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he fled from the enemy's invasion in his childhood and was inspired by the patriotic remarks of his family and relatives, Lu You felt deeply about the serious national disaster at that time, so as early as his adolescence, he planted the seeds of patriotic revenge in his heart. Since then, this seed has taken root, sprouted, dried up and blossomed, whether it was an official in the imperial court and local government, or joined the army in the front line of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and lived in Shaoxing's hometown in his later years. Although it was constantly destroyed by wind and rain, it also grew, grew, and finally produced rich fruits. Zhao Yi, a poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote a passage in Ou Bei Shi Hua, which is very general. He said:
When Weng Fang was in his teens, he had learned the order of putting good before evil, so he was as cold as ice. As far as the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is concerned, it is nothing more than a transgressor, so it will remain unchanged for life. After entering Shu, under the protection of the envoy Wang Yan, he passed through Nanzheng to meet Shu and Du. He is full of ambition and really wants to swallow his hands and clouds. In all likelihood, his poems are restored. After leaving Shu, it is still three or four out of ten. After the 1970 s, ... there was no ambition to restore reputation. However, as his "Feeling the Past of the Central Plains" said, "Begging for the East China Sea to Wash the Lake and Sand" and "Travel Notes of Old Horse" said, "The drought locust in the Central Plains has declined, and Julian Waghann sent a letter to the North. When it heard the drum beating, it was still possible to win the country and Zhao Yan ",it was still unforgettable. On my deathbed, there was a saying that "Julian Waghann will set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice will not forget the words", which shows the ambition of birds flying.
Of course, the so-called "five or six out of ten" and "three or four out of ten" here are only rough statistics, and they are only quantitative and superficial; But it can also be seen that the "quality" of Lu You is consistent, from small to large. Especially this poem "Xiuer" is a patriotic spark that broke out at the end of his life, and it can also be regarded as a summary of his patriotic thoughts and poems all his life.
Scholars of all ages have read the poem Xiuzi, and they are all moved by it. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang had a quatrain saying:
It is better to see Lu's death before death, and it is easy to get angry. Xiao Lu was ashamed and recommended Julian Waghann to Luoyang!
After the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, the Southern Song government moved troops from Huaixi to Kaifeng City, and divided troops from Kaifeng to recover Luoyang. Liu Yi was excited, thinking that Lu You's descendants would follow his wishes and tell Nai Weng the good news. However, the good times did not last long. The small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, dominated by singing, dancing, lakes, mountains and treacherous court officials, could not resist the fallen nomads, let alone the Mongolian army, which was "an enemy of zhangfang". Thanks to patriotic soldiers and civilians, this crumbling regime lasted for more than forty years. At this time, Lin Jingxi, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems", the meaning of which was extremely painful. The last four sentences were:
Castle peak is full of sorrow, and the sky is full of war. When I came to the sun, I saw Kyushu children. How can I tell you about the family sacrifice?
In other words, when Lu You died, it was a pity that he didn't see Kyushu Tong. Now his grandchildren have seen this situation, but it was not the Song Dynasty that unified China, but the emerging Yuan Empire. How can such news be told to his old man's house? Of the two poems mentioned above, the first one is full of the passion of "however, I packed my books and poems crazily", and the second one expresses the grief of "the voice of national subjugation mourns". Both joy and sadness are caused by the poem "Xiuzi". Their patriotic enthusiasm is closely related to land travel.
As far as I can see, there are no fewer than 30 other comments on Lu's poems (please refer to the Collection of Research Materials on Lu You compiled by Comrade Kong and me), or they have the meaning of "crossing the river in three calls" or are in the same strain as Du Fu's "Loyal to the country". Some of them are crying after reading it, while others feel the same way, which makes people feel deeply. It serves to show that this poem is sincere and touching!