Xu Anbi 1
Xu Anbi was born in Jingxian County, Xuancheng, Anhui Province (originally belonging to Ningguofu, paper was made by the government in the name of governing Xuancheng, so it was called "Xu Anbi"), and he was the ancestor of Chinese brush.
According to Han Yu's Biography of Mao Ying, in 2023 BC, Meng Tian, a general of the Qin Dynasty, passed Zhongshan (a mountainous area in Jingxian County, Anhui Province) when he went south, and found that the rabbit was fat and long. So he took bamboo as the tube and made an improved brush based on the original bamboo pen. It was popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties and had a pen name. After the Yuan Dynasty, tiger skin prevailed and mysterious skin declined. After the reform and opening up, Xu Anbi gradually recovered its vitality.
2. blindfold
China Houdian Brush is produced in Houdian Village, Hengshui City, Hebei Province. In ancient times, it was called Mengbi, also known as "Mengtian Jingbi" and "Houbi", and it was called Xiangbi in ancient times. Houdian brush is made of excellent materials, long and hard, combining rigidity with softness, full of ink without dripping, slippery without stagnation.
Mainly produced in Houdian Village, Taocheng District, the hometown of Hengshui brush, with more than 270 varieties. The brush-making process of Houdian is divided into more than 300 manual operations, such as basin, odd job, dry job, lettering and coloring.
3. Changkang brush
The beautiful and ancient town of Changkang is located in the north of Hunan Province, China, near Dongting Lake. This is a typical land of fish and rice. The temples here are beautiful and outstanding, and the profound cultural heritage has nurtured generations of literati, such as Zuo and Xia Shangshu. Unfamiliar mountains and strange water have nourished generation after generation of ingenious pen-making technicians.
Because Changkang has been under the jurisdiction of Hunan since ancient times, the brush produced by Changkang is called "elephant nose". With the joint efforts of skilled craftsmen and famous calligraphers, Changkang's elephant trunk won the reputation of "Xiang Ying's skill is the best in the world" and is the first in "Four Treasures of the Study". Changkang Town is therefore called "Huxiang Pen Capital".
4. Chuanbi
Sichuan pen mainly refers to the writing brush produced in Sichuan, which is called Sichuan pen and Shu pen for short. Chuanbi is mainly produced in Chengdu, Leshan, Nanchong, Xuyong and Mianyang. Sichuan pen-making mainly produces mainstream brushes such as wool, wolf hair, chicken feathers and bristles, especially bristles. The bristles produced in Sichuan and Chongqing rank first in the country and have a profound influence on the historical painting school.
5. Chuanbi
Sichuan pen mainly refers to the writing brush produced in Sichuan, which is called Sichuan pen and Shu pen for short. Chuanbi is mainly produced in Chengdu, Leshan, Nanchong, Xuyong and Mianyang. Sichuan pen-making mainly produces mainstream brushes such as wool, wolf hair, chicken feathers and bristles, especially bristles. The bristles produced in Sichuan and Chongqing rank first in the country and have a profound influence on the historical painting school.
As a traditional industry, the impact of modern writing tools, pens, gel pens and writing habits is also enormous. Traditional Sichuan pen-making is also facing the decline of inheritance, technology and talents. Only Ma Xiangyang from Bizhuang, Taihe, Chengdu, Wang Yanxing from Yongqing Pavilion in Leshan, Feng Zongfu from Jintai Brush in Nanchong, Zhang Naiyu from Bairen Pavilion in Xuyong, etc. are still sticking to this traditional craft.
In addition, there are many classifications of writing brushes:
1. According to written materials, it can be divided into: tire brush, wolf brush, rabbit shoulder brush, deer brush, chicken brush, duck brush, wool brush, pig brush (bristle brush), mouse brush (moustache brush), tiger brush, ox ear brush, stone badger brush, etc. Rabbit hair, wool and wolf hair are the best.
Second, according to the commonly used size, the brush can be simply divided into: lower case, middle case and upper case. The bigger ones are screen pen, couplet pen, bucket pen, pen planting and so on.
Three, according to the elasticity of bristles, can be divided into: soft hair, hard hair, double brush and so on.
Four, according to the purpose can be divided into two categories: writing brush and painting brush.
The learning terms of writing brush mainly include:
Single hook?
The name of the fingering. The forefinger grips the pen tube, and the rest of the fingers are placed behind the pen tube. Because only one index finger is used as the main hook, it is called? Single hook. With what? Double hooks are opposite.
In the Tang Dynasty, Han said: Seal script can be straightened with a single hook. In Yuan Dynasty, Wu's Xue Gu Bian was also called: To write a seal writing brush, you only need a single hook, that is, the middle finger is placed under the background, and Fiona Fang is straight and meaningless. Zhu Luzhen's "Introduction to Calligraphy" in Qing Dynasty said: The index finger with single hook is uneven, the index finger is hooked with the big finger, and the middle finger is hooked with the name. This is a single hook, which came down from Su Shichuan in the Northern Song Dynasty. ?
Pillow wrist?
When writing, the back of the left palm is placed flat under the right wrist, which is called pillow wrist. It is mostly used for writing small characters, and some people use handrails (mostly bamboo) instead of the left hand under the wrist.
Hanging the wrist (when writing with a brush)
One of the methods of writing. Whether the wrist is flexible is very important for writing. The elbow is not attached to the desktop, and the wrist hangs out of thin air, which is called hanging wrist. Write only on your wrist and you can't move the pen up and down freely. Hanging the wrist can relax the shoulders, and because there is no obstacle to the strength of the whole body, it is necessary to concentrate on the distal end, so that painting can be healthy.
Wrist gyrus
One of the methods of writing. The wrist and palm are bent back, and the fingers are opposite to the chest, hence the name. In the Qing Dynasty, He used this method in his writing. When writing, the wrist and elbow are hung high, which can be lifted up and pressed down, but can't be tilted left and right, which is contrary to the physiological function of ordinary people, so it is generally not used.
Wrist flat palm
Discuss the wrist-palm relationship in writing. From finger to palm? Extend. Shen's close friend said? Hands should not only be empty, but also stand up. Palm can stand up and wrist can be flat; When the wrist is flat, the elbow can droop naturally, and when the elbow and wrist are close together, the wrist can be used flexibly.
The theory of vertical palm is a debate about the method of holding a pen in calligraphy. Some people think? Writing with the palm upright can be done on the wall of a book, and writing on a desk easily affects the flexibility of writing.
Dan Fengyan?
The fingering name of the pen-holding method, that is, when holding the tube, the phalanx of the thumb is straight, and the inside is slightly convex, forming a long and narrow gap with the flexed index finger, so it is called? Is the phoenix eye a big phalanx protruding from the tiger's mouth and empty? Longan is another way of writing.
Executive envoy
Calligraphy terminology. Sun's Book of the Tang Dynasty, the general name of writing pen, contains: the reasons for the conversion between writing and use are shallow and deep; Also called vertical and horizontal pull. Zhang Shen said the Ming Dynasty? Write with a proverb, so that the proverb can be used.
Pen transportation?
Calligraphy terminology. Refers to the process of writing in Braille. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum" said: Generally speaking, it is important, not a pen. When you hold the pen with your wrist. Holding hands is not the main luck; Luck lies in the wrist, wrist is not the main thing.
Lift your wrist?
Calligraphy terminology. One of the methods of writing. Refers to a person who raises his wrist without relying on a table.