Bamboo and stone ① insist on ② the green mountains and do not relax, and the roots ③ are originally ④ in the broken rocks ⑤. Thousands of grinding ⑥ Thousands of blows ⑦ Still strong ⑧ , Let the ⑨ you ⑩ wind from east to west, north and south.
This poem focuses on expressing the tenacious and persistent quality of bamboo. It is a painting poem praising Yanzhu. It is a painting poem and a poem chanting objects. The word "firm" is used at the beginning to personify rock bamboo and convey its charm; the last two sentences further describe the character of rock bamboo. After countless hardships, it has developed a particularly upright posture and is never afraid of coming from behind. Strong winds from east to west, north and south. Zheng Xie not only wrote beautiful poems about bamboo, but also painted bamboos that were lifelike. In his words, he "painted bamboos to comfort the working people in the world." Therefore, this poem is written about bamboo on the surface, but it is actually about people. It is about the author's own upright and stubborn character, and his arrogant character that will never bow to any evil forces. At the same time, this poem can also give us the touch of life. In the tortuous and harsh environment, we can overcome difficulties and face reality, being as strong and brave as rock bamboo, which embodies the feelings of patriots. It is also a poem that expresses one's ambitions. It supports Yanzhu's perseverance and tenacity, and expresses his uprightness, unyielding integrity and unyielding character. The language of this poem is simple and lively, but persistent and powerful. It vividly describes the bamboo growing in a harsh environment, growing up in danger, but also being free, firm and optimistic. Bamboo takes root in the broken rocks and withstands the blows of wind, snow, rain, and frost, but it just "sticks to the green mountains and never relaxes." The word "bite" expresses the tenacity of bamboo. The word "ren" in the last sentence also expresses Zhuzi's fearless, generous, positive and optimistic mental outlook.
Explanation
This is a poem with profound meaning. The first two sentences say that bamboo takes root in broken rocks and has a solid foundation. The second sentence says that no matter how strong the wind blows from all directions, and how much torture and blow the bamboo and stone receive, they remain firm and strong. In praising the firm and tenacious spirit of Bamboo and Stone, the author also expresses his own strong spirit that is not afraid of any blow. This poem is often used to describe the revolutionaries' firm stance in struggle and their unwavering character when attacked by the enemy.
Author background
Zheng Xie, also known as Zheng Banqiao, also known as Kerou, also known as Banqiao, also known as Li'an, was a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu, born in 1693 and died in 1765. He was a scholar of Kangxi, a scholar of Yongzheng, and a Jinshi of Qianlong. He lives in Yangzhou and makes a living by selling paintings. He is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". His poetry, calligraphy and painting are known as the "Three Wonders" in the world, and he is good at painting orchid and bamboo. Banqiao's ancestors were scholars for three generations. His great-grandfather Xinwan was born in Xiang (xiang); his grandfather Qingzhi was a Confucian official; his father Liben was named Li'an and was born in Lin (lin). Portrait of Zheng Xie
[1] Born in Guiyou, 1693, October 25, the 32nd year of Kangxi, in Gubanqiao, the east gate of Xinghua City. His mother, Mrs. Wang, passed away when he was 4 years old; his father inherited Mrs. Hao when he was 5 years old. At the age of 14, his stepmother, Mrs. Hao, died. When I was young, I studied in Maojiaqiao, Zhenzhou, around this time. At the age of 20, I started writing lyrics from Xinghua senior Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. At the age of 23, he married Xu, a native of Zhouyi. He became a scholar at the age of 24 and started teaching at the age of 26. His father Zheng Li'an died at the age of 30. He started selling paintings in Yangzhou around this year when he was 31 and continued for about ten years. His son also died this year. At the age of 39, in 1731, the ninth year of Yongzheng reign of Xinhai, his wife Xu died. At the age of 40, in 1732, the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of Renzi, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination in the autumn, and passed the examination. He wrote "Getting the Sound of Nanwei Jieyin". In February of his 43rd year, he fell in love with Rao Wu, a girl from the northern suburbs of Yangzhou, and wrote the title "Xijiang Moon". . 44 years old, Bingchen, 1736, the first year of Qianlong, from February to March, took the examination in Beijing, and won the 88th place in the second class. At the age of 45, the wet nurse Fei died, and Cheng Yuchen regained his support and accepted the Rao family. 50 years old, in Renxu, 1742, the seventh year of Qianlong's reign, he was the magistrate of Fan County in the spring, and concurrently served as the Chaocheng County in the summer. At the age of 52, concubine Rao gave birth to a son. At the age of 54, he was transferred from Fan County to Wei County and was re-elected for seven years. At the end of his 60th year, he resigned from the post of county magistrate. At the age of 63, he collaborated with Li Chan and Li Fangying on the "Three Friends" painting. In April of 73, he painted the "Bamboo and Stone Painting" and on May 3rd, he painted the "Xiu Bamboo and New Huang Painting". On December 12, 1765, the year of Yiyou (the 30th year of Qianlong's reign), he died of illness in the green garden beside Shengxiandang in Xinghua City. He had no children, so he adopted Zheng Mo's son Zheng Tian and was buried in the east of the city. Guan Ruan Village (now Guan Ruan Village, Daduo Town). Banqiao's "Xianju" says: "Jing's wife wipes the inkstone to polish new ink, and the weak girl holds a paper to learn regular script." It is said that Banqiao was studying calligraphy and mistakenly used his fingers to practice respectfully on Xu's body and skin at night. Xu said: "Everyone has his or her own body." This sentence touched Banqiao, so he learned half of the ancient calligraphy style and left out the other half, creating the "six-and-a-half-point calligraphy". "Seven Songs" tells that the Xu family gave birth to two daughters and one son, and another daughter after the age of 30.
Zheng Banqiao, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", served as a seventh-rank official for twelve years. He was honest and upright. During his tenure, he painted a picture of ink bamboo with a poem on it: "I lie down in the Yazhai and listen to the Xiaoxiao bamboo. It is the sound of suffering among the people. These little officials in Caozhou County are always caring about each branch." He has very deep feelings for the lower class people and has a strong interest in folk customs. In his poems, calligraphy and paintings, he always reveals this fresh content and unique style from time to time. Tea is an important part of it. His father, Zheng Li'an, was a private teacher in the county and taught hundreds of students. Zheng Xie studied with his father since he was a child. He loved reading history books and poetry collections. He was erudite and memorized, and could recite all the books he read. When he was young, he studied in Maojiawan, Zhenzhou. The scholars of Kangxi and Yongzheng went to Nanjing to pass the provincial examination in the year of Renzi (1732). In 1736, Bingchen, the first year of Qianlong's reign, went to Beijing to take the examination for the Ministry of Rites and passed the Jinshi examination. In 1742, the seventh year of Qianlong's reign, he was appointed magistrate of Fan County, Shandong Province. In 1746, the eleventh year of Qianlong's reign, he was transferred to the post of magistrate of Weixian County. Zheng Xie was an official and loved the people as his son. When he was the magistrate of Weixian County, it was a time of famine. Regardless of the obstruction of others, he opened a warehouse to loan grain, asked the people to write IOUs, and saved more than 10,000 people. He also carried out extensive construction, built pools, and recruited people. Hungry people work to eat. When autumn came and the harvest failed again, Zheng Xie burned the people's IOUs. The people of Weixian County were grateful for his kindness and built a shrine for him. Zheng Xie is very concerned about fairness in civil affairs, and there has been no unjust case in twelve years. In 1748, the 13th year of Qianlong's reign, Qianlong traveled to Shandong and granted Zheng Xie the title of "History of Calligraphy and Painting". Zheng Xie carved a seal of his own: "History of Calligraphy and Painting of Qianlong's Eastern Feng". Zheng Xie was an upright official. Later, he resigned from office due to old illness and lived in Yangzhou. He had nothing but a few volumes of books, so he made a living by selling paintings. He is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" and his poems, calligraphy and paintings are known as the "Three Wonders" by the world. His poets were Tao Yuanming and Lu Fangweng, and their bamboo paintings were like Su Dongpo's. Zheng Xie's calligraphy combines running script and cursive script to form a self-contained body. He calls himself "Six and a Half Calligraphy" and later known as "Banqiao" style. His works include "Banqiao Poetry Notes", "Banqiao Ci Notes", "Banqiao Family Letters", "Banqiao Paintings", "Mr. Banqiao's Seal" and other self-engraved editions. [Appreciation] Zheng Xie passed the Jinshi examination in 1736 (the first year of Qianlong). He was a famous painter, calligrapher and writer in the Qing Dynasty. He was known as the "Three Wonders" of poetry, calligraphy and painting. He was one of the famous "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". (The "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" refers to a painting school in Yangzhou during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The main figures of this painting school are: Wang Shishen, Huang Shen, Jin Nong, Li Peng, Zheng Xie, Li Fangying, Luo and others. ) Zheng Xie's political attitude showed dissatisfaction with reality and an arrogant and rebellious personality. He was a representative figure among the "Eight Eccentrics". Zheng Xie especially loves to paint bamboo. The bamboo he paints is proud, fresh and unique, with a high degree of artistic expression and artistic appeal. Since the Song Dynasty, bamboo has been known as one of the "Four Gentlemen" of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. It is modest yet upright, tall and evergreen, and has always been regarded as a symbol of nobility, integrity, tenacity and tenacity. Zheng Xie likes to paint bamboo because bamboo can best reflect his personality. Zheng Xie is known as the "Three Wonders": poetry, calligraphy and painting. He has profound attainments in these three aspects, forming a complete artistic whole. It forms the characteristics of the so-called "three truths": true energy, true meaning and true interest. He is good at painting orchid and bamboo. He uses cursive script to make orchid leaves with long and vertical strokes. There are many but not messy, few but not sparse, and they are extremely beautiful. The bamboos painted are vigorous, cool and sparse. He once made his own rules for refining calligraphy and painting: "It costs more to paint bamboo than to buy bamboo, and the price of paper six feet high is three thousand. Let him talk about the old talk, just as the autumn wind blows by his ears." Behind this elegant and playful text, there is a ruthless exposure and ridicule of the world. However, Zheng Xie valued friendship and deep gratitude. He lost his mother when he was young and relied on a wet nurse named Fei for his upbringing. When she was a child, there was a hungry year. Fei carried Zheng Xie on her back to play on the street every day and used her own money to buy a cake for him to eat. Zheng Xie and his wet nurse have a deep relationship like a son, and they depend on each other for life. In his poem in memory of Fei's wet nurse, he said: "Thousands of kinds of food and salary are not as good as a piece of cake in the hand. How can I be the only one who owes me all the kindness in my life?" The sentence is sincere and touching. When he was young, Zheng Xie's family was poor, but he was unruly and unruly. He often "talked loudly, concealed people, had no taboos, and gained a great reputation." (Zheng Fangkun's "Biography of Zheng Xie"). At the age of forty-three, after becoming a Jinshi in high school, he served as the magistrate of Fan County and Weixian County in Shandong Province. During his tenure as an official, he did a lot of good deeds for the benefit of the people and was deeply loved by the people. However, he served the people in the famine years. He asked for relief, but offended the prefect and local gentry. He was upright, caring about the people and had a noble character of "coming out of the mire but not staining". When he was ashamed to bend his back, he despised the powerful, took off his ribbon and hung his seal, resolutely resigned from office and returned to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living. Just like his famous saying "If you don't make decisions for the people when you are an official, it is better to go home and plant sweet potatoes."
"Bamboo and Stone", a painting written by Zheng Xie in his later years, is a portrayal of his arrogant and upright personality. I insist on not letting go of the green mountains, and my roots are still in the broken rocks. It has endured thousands of blows but is still strong, regardless of the winds from east to west, north and south. Zheng Xie is not only a master of painting, but also quite accomplished in composing lyrics and writing poems. The four short poems also show a vivid picture in front of the readers: Under the chaotic cliff, a few green bamboo branches stand proudly in the wind, growing and expanding tenaciously, and their tenacity and uprightness are vividly reflected on the paper. . This poem is purely a description of scenery, but it is by no means a sketch or replica of natural scenery. This picture has a clear symbolic meaning. The rough cliffs and strong winds suppress and destroy the growth of bamboo branches. It reminds us of the cruel rule of the feudal dynasty. Isn't this a symbol and portrayal of the social environment at that time? Bamboo branches "bite" the green hills, take root on the cliffs, and stand upright in the wind. Although they have been struck by thousands of times, no matter in the hot summer or the last winter, they still keep moving upward and stand proudly. Isn't this the symbol of the author's indomitable and noble personality? Mapping? The evil wind on the cliff is cruel, but under the maiming of the evil forces, the bamboo branches not only did not yield, but became stronger and taller. From this strong contrast, we can clearly feel the author's strong hatred for evil forces, and even more, the author's lofty praise for the strong personality symbolized by bamboo. The poet's high artistic skills and proficient artistic language endow the bamboo he describes with personified characteristics, which is not only reflected in the specific use of specific anthropomorphic techniques such as "hold firm" and "not relaxed", but also in the description of the shape of bamboo branches. superior. "Still strong despite being struck by countless blows, no matter how wind blows from east to west, north or south." The bamboo here is clearly a tough and tenacious fighter! The personification technique makes readers feel friendly and real. They are not only intoxicated by the natural beauty in the poem, but also infected by the beauty of his character. The poet's language is particularly accurate, vivid and vivid. "Thousands of blows" describes the extent of evil forces, and "east, west, north and south" describes the ubiquity of evil forces, which accurately summarizes the characteristics of that dark era. The use of verbs is even more unusual. "Stick to the mountains and never relax." The word "bite" shows a stubborn and tenacious character, as well as infinite charm and wonderful artistic conception. It starts with the word "bite", which is abrupt and steep, and the start is extraordinary. It is really amazing. "Let the winds of east, west, north and south", the word "Ren" vividly and accurately describe the heroic spirit of standing proudly in the wind and fighting against evil! The author depicts an image of tough, upright and unyielding bamboo branches. Through this vivid picture, he expresses the author's strong, unyielding and high-spirited character.