2004-8-1716: 24: 36 Zheng Huaiyi read 85 1 times font: large, medium and small.
Beginners of calligraphy often ask some questions: Is it better to learn the big characters first or write the small ones first? Is it better to write a cursive script first, or a formal book first? Is it better in Tang Dynasty or Weibei? In fact, predecessors have accumulated rich experience in thousands of years of writing practice. Starting from your own actual situation, learning and drawing lessons from traditional experience, you will certainly find a suitable method of practicing Chinese characters. Based on the theory of good calligraphers in past dynasties, the way to learn books can be summarized as follows.
First of all, learning calligraphy should follow a certain order and steps in order to collect good results. Qing Kang Youwei pointed out: "Learning books is orderly". He arranged this "order": "You must know how to write first". This is the foundation, and it is also the foundation. "From the structure first", horizontal and vertical, make the font square, and then pay attention to the back, exchanges, telescopic gestures. Then, let's talk about the rules of branching and cloth. As for ancient monuments, it is mainly to understand the knowledge of predecessors' words and composition. Finally, if you want the wonderful use of Teton and Fiona Fang, you must seek the "secret recipe". If you practice like this, over time, the flesh, blood and spirit of the word will be complete, that is, you can become an adult. After "adulthood", there is a so-called "attitude". ? "Guangyi boat double?" According to Kang's statement, combined with the discussion of past dynasties, the order that beginners can refer to and practice calligraphy is listed.
Write big characters first
"Beginners learn big books first, not from primary school." This was put forward by Mrs. Wei's pen drawing. Because, for beginners, small words are difficult to control, and big words are easier to use. It also means easy before difficult. Moreover, the definition of Chinese characters is clear and the statutes are rigorous. Practicing handwriting first is conducive to laying a good foundation. Wei's thought was accepted and recognized by later generations. Feng Mingfang's History of Children's Studies said: "If you want to learn books, you must first open the law, and the law must first open the big characters." This truth is explained in more detail in the authentic works of He Jiang in Qing Dynasty. He said: "Beginners who start with big characters and start with small characters will have no strength to write later." From the perspective of "bone strength" in practicing Chinese characters, he emphasized writing big characters first. The fine print is not about "bone strength", but requires that the pen be interesting, powerful, with higher standards and greater difficulty. So beginners should not rush to practice writing lower case letters.
How big is the so-called "big character"? Kang Youwei told people: "Take two inches and one inch as a measure, not too big. ? The smaller the word, the harder it is to write, and the bigger it is. The words are too big, so the pointillism, white painting and brushwork should be changed accordingly, which is often not suitable for beginners to master. Once you have a foundation, you will gradually write big.
Write a book first
"If you are a beginner, learn the real book first, and you won't lose money." ? Hins Cheung's calligraphy rules in the Tang Dynasty are really regular script. Beginners start with regular script learning, which does not violate the order of learning books. Cai Xiang, a Song Dynasty poet, also talked about this point. He said: "Those who are good at ancient books must learn the Dharma first, and gradually become cursive, and they cannot do without truth." ? "On calligraphy" means that people who are good at calligraphy from ancient times to the present must write regular script first, and then gradually run script and cursive script. Even if it can be done, it can't be done without the rules of regular script.
Why should we learn regular script first? There are many versions.
On eight methods of learning regular script. There is an article about calligraphy in Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, which is about why you should learn regular script first. There is a saying: "If a scholar wants to learn regular script first, he must have all eight methods, which is not attractive." "If the model law is reached, it will naturally be achieved in the second law." From the study of orthography, you can master the basic skills of writing-eight methods. Once you master the basic rules, you can use cursive script at will, and cursive script can reach a high level.
Learn "saying" and "standing" from regular script. Song sushi seems to have a unique opinion on this. He said: "Calligraphy is prepared in official books and overflows into grass. If you can't write a book, but you can make grass, you still haven't heard Zhuang language, but you don't have to speak it. Nothing is the way. " ? The most complete calligraphy rule in Lun Shu lies in Zhengshu. As for running script and cursive script, they are both extensions or derivatives of official script. How can you write cursive without learning serious books, especially if you want to talk nonsense without learning serious words. Su Shi also has an image metaphor for learning regular script first: "A true line is born, a line is born with grass, a true line is like a line, a line is like a line, and a grass is like a line. There is no one who does not stand." Walk slowly, act quickly, act quickly. People should stand first, then walk and then run. Learning books is also the first step, the second step, and then the grass. How can you run when you can't stand alone?
You say you can't learn regular script well, and you write cursive script, but you can't write regular script well all your life. This is Kang Youwei's view in Qing Dynasty. He said, "If you haven't finished writing a real book, don't learn to fly with a pen. Xi is used to it because he can't write a real letter in his life. " ? "Guangyi boat double?" What he means is that if you don't learn the real book well, don't rush to write it, it will become a habit and you won't want to write it well all your life. This is a bit excessive, but it is important to learn regular script well, but there is no harm in learning regular script well.
Of course, there are also people who advocate truth and learning. For example, Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty talked about his personal experience. His practice is: "learn cursive every day and learn real books every two days." The real book is both good and cursive, and it will be named ten years later. " ? " Test pen "Euclid learned cursive script for one day, regular script for two days, and the cross-learning between regular script and cursive script was uninterrupted for ten years, so he could become a master." Zhao Gou also talked about learning truth and grass at the same time. He said, "Many seniors will correct books and then cursive. The second method is indispensable. "Why do you say that?" Regular, elegant and solemn, with a decent knot. ""Grass is a phoenix, which vibrates the pen and stands out from the uninhibited without distortion. " ? Mo Hanzhi's regular script is dignified and elegant, and its structure is tight; The cursive script is full of pen power, clever and turning, dancing with dragons and phoenixes, but after all, it does not lose the method of regular script. Therefore, people who really understand calligraphy know that it is necessary to combine righteousness with grass and not neglect it.
Learn from each other first.
Shelf, or knot, structure and structure are the skeleton of speech, and the arrangement of words and phrases. If the braille position of the words is not well placed, the rest can't be said. Therefore, when teaching beginners, seniors should first learn from the shelf of words. Dong Qichang's Collection of Rong Tai in the Ming Dynasty pointed out: "If you want to learn a book, you should set up one first, then rise and then fall, but change and remain unchanged." First, learn the word structure well. On this basis, let your mind flow freely and pursue change without deviating from the law. Ming Xiangmu illustrates this problem from the opposite side. He said: "If the distribution is not clear, that is, if you think cleverly and are unfamiliar with it, you will want to mark the strangeness, that is, you will learn before you learn to walk." How simple is this book? " ? The shelf structure of the word "elegant calligraphy words" has not been fully understood, and I want to indulge in tricks; If you are not proficient in writing, you want to be different, just as you want to learn to run before you learn to walk. How can calligraphy be so easy? Feng Ban, a Qing native, claimed to have made great efforts in calligraphy. His experience is: "learn the shelf first, which the ancients called" knot words "; If the shelf is clean, learn to use a pen. "Learn the shelf structure well, and then learn the use and transportation methods of pens. Feng also tells people in detail how to learn and master the structure of Chinese characters. He said: "To know the beauty of the knot, people in the Ming Dynasty couldn't understand a word, and they all hit it by mistake. Starting from the second king of calligraphy, it is the first way; Really use Xi's method and use Xiao Wang as his pen; Xiao Wang is used in cursive scripts, and Xi's method is used in big cursive scripts; Learning elements is not as good as learning weeds. " ? Feng said that this is just his method and experience in learning books. Scholars may also wish to understand the truth as a family statement.
Learn more French posts
Beginners should learn calligraphy by copying inscriptions. The main purpose of copying inscriptions is to learn the writing methods of the ancients and appreciate the beauty of their brushwork. Feng Fang, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, said: "To learn books, you must learn more ancient books, remember the source of each painting, and then write vulgar words." ? Learn more from Xue Tong's French posts, memorize the stippling structure of the words, and write them out so that the words have a source and the pens have a basis, which will naturally be elegant and smart. Usually people always say "copy" in general. In fact, presence and imitation are two different concepts with different functions and effects.
First of all, we should make it clear that "pro" and "imitation" are very different and cannot be confused. " ? There is a great discrepancy between the manuscripts of Dong Ping written by Song and Huang, which can't be confused. Pro is to learn to write according to the font of ancient French posts; Copying is copying by covering a post with paper. So "with momentum, you can copy the shape. " ? In the Ming Dynasty, Li Rihua copied Zitaoxuan Miscellaneous Inscriptions, which can get the brushwork of the ancients and better understand the structure of the characters. Jiang Kui, a poet in the Song Dynasty, made the advantages and disadvantages of copying and copying the most clear. He said, "copying is easy to lose the position of the ancients, but it is more than the brushwork of the ancients; Copying books is easy to get the position of the ancients, but it loses the meaning of the ancients. " On the other hand, the effect is different, that is, "the face is easy to get into the book, and the heart is easy to forget the book." "The reason is that books are intentional and books are unintentional. However, "only beginners have to copy. " ? " Continue the book spectrum? The key to copying is to restrain your hands when copying and unfolding, so that you can easily see the effect.
Around "pro" and "imitation", calligraphers and commentators have many views and opinions. Some people claim that this book cannot be copied. This is Miffy's opinion. He thinks: "Paintings can be copied, and books can be copied." ? Some viewpoints in Book History must be imitated. This is Kang Youwei's point of view. He believes: "Learning books must be imitated, not stuffy and complacent." ? The reason why he said in Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang that "imitation is necessary" is because we first got the skills of the ancients to knot words from imitation, and then learned the emotion and charm of the ancients using pens. Without imitation, it is not easy to get such a result. Others advocate copying first and then coming back. Kang Youwei not only advocates "must imitate", but also advocates copying later. He said: "If you want to get close to the monument, you must imitate it first, copy it hundreds of times, and then you have to change careers and face it squarely." Choose a tablet and copy it for hundreds of times. When the structure and brushwork are almost the same as the original words, then start writing. You should have a guideline in mind.
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